| Sing. | Plur. | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | toinen | toiset |
| Part. | toista | toisia |
| Gen. | toisen | toisten, or toisien |
| In. | toisessa | toisissa |
| El. | toisesta | toisista |
| Ill. | toiseen | toisiin |
| Ad. | toisella | toisilla |
| Abl. | toiselta | toisilta |
| All. | toiselle | toisille |
| Abes. | toisetta | toisitta |
| Prol. | [toisetse] | toisitse |
| Transl. | toiseksi | toisiksi |
| Ess. | toisena, or toisna | toisina |
| Com. | (toisene) | toisine |
| Instr. | (toisen) | toisin |
Roots ending in se change this termination in the nominative to nen. Thus kirjase, a little book, venäläise, Russian, iloise, glad, vihollise, hostile, form in the nominative kirjanen, venäläinen, iloinen, vihollinen. In all such words the partitive sing. and first genitive plur. are formed from the closed root and the essive sing. has two forms.
II. All words of more than one syllable ending in -e.
E.g. Root:—Kolmante, third.
Here (1) the e is rejected in the nominative (rule [16]), and kolmant becomes kolmas ([24] and [37]). (2) The partitive also is formed from the shortened root (kolmant), and kolmantta becomes kolmatta. (3) The cases of the singular and nominative plural, where the last syllable of the root is closed, change nt to nn (rule [31]). (4) The essive sing. in the form taken from the full root preserves the root entire, kolmanna is not used. All the cases of the plural which take -i reject the final e before that letter, and change nt to ns (rule [37]).
Similarly kannukse, a spur, makes in the nominative kannus (rules [16] and [24]). The root remains unaltered in the genitive, etc., kannuksen, while the partitive is kannusta for kannuksta. Similarly in the plural we have kannukset, genitive kannuksien or kannusten, partitive kannuksia.
Kalleute, dearness, makes in the nominative sing. kalleus ([24] and [37]), partitive kalleut-ta, illative kalleuteen, genitive kalleuden, etc.; plur. nominative kalleudet, first genitive kalleutten, but the second genitive is kalleuksien, and all the remaining cases are of the same type (partitive kalleuksia, illative kalleuksiin, etc.), being formed exactly as if the root was kalleukse.
Adjectives like lyhyte, short, ohute, thin, drop the t altogether between two vowels. E.g. nominative sing. lyhyt, partitive lyhyttä. But the genitive lyhyte-n becomes lyhyen, the illative lyhyteen, lyhyeen, etc.; plur. lyhyet, genitive lyhyitten, lyhytten, partitive lyhyitä (or lyhyviä for lyhyiä).
III. All superlatives in -mpa or -mpä, and all negative adjectives in -ttoma.