| Positive. | Comparative. | Superlative. |
|---|---|---|
| vanha, old | vanhempi ([11]) | vanhin |
| raaka, raw | raaempi ([28], [9]) | raain ([28]) |
| vapaa, free | vapaampi | vapain |
| ihava, fat | lihavampi | lihavin |
| köyhä, poor | köyhempi ([11]) | köyhin |
| terävä, sharp | terävämpi | terävin |
| suruinen, sorrowful | suruisempi | suruisin |
| lyhyt, short | lyhyempi | lyhyin |
| aulis, liberal | auliimpi | auliin |
| paksu, fat | paksumpi | paksuin |
| mieto, mild | miedompi ([32]) | miedoin |
| rikas, rich | rikkaampi | rikkain |
| kaunis, beautiful | kauniimpi | kauniin, kaunein |
| oppinut, learned | oppineempi | oppinein |
The following words are irregular, the comparative and superlative being formed from different roots to the positive.
| Positive. | Comparative. | Superlative. |
|---|---|---|
| hyvä, good | parempi | paras, parhain (root paraa) |
| paljo, much | enempi | enin |
| pitkä, long | pitempi | pisin (as if from root pitä) |
| moni, many | useampi | usein |
Molemmat, both, is an isolated comparative form.
The following adjectives are not declined or compared, but remain invariable in all cases.—Aika, strong; aimo, good; kelpo, worthy; eri, different; koko, all; ensi, next; viime, last; pikku, little. Kaikki, all, is not usually changed in the nominative plural, but otherwise is declined.
FORMATION OF SUBSTANTIVES AND ADJECTIVES.
Some substantives and adjectives are primitive—that is to say, they consist of roots which cannot be further analysed, and to which the case suffixes are directly attached. But a great number of words are not mere roots, but roots with additional syllables which modify the meaning of the original root.
The following are the principal syllables so added to roots to form nouns and adjectives.