Sing.Plur.
1.——älkäämme repikö
2.älä reviälkäätte repikö

The negative optative is formed by suffixing ko, , to the root, and employing before it the negative forms of the optative verb. The use of the suffix ko in the negative imperative shows how closely the two forms are allied.

Sing.Plur.
2.ällös saako——
3.älköön saakoälkööt saako

The negative of the passive is similarly formed by prefixing the verb ei to the passive root—that is, to the root of the verb with the syllable ta () added, but without the termination which characterises the affirmative passive. This root is closed by the aspiration, but the imperfect is formed with participle II, passive, e.g. roots saa, repi, tule (tul), passive roots saada, revitä, tulla.

Pres.ei saada, ei revitä, ei tulla
Imp.ei saatu, ei revitty, ei tultu
Conc.ei saatane, ei revittäne, ei tultane
Cond.ei saataisi, ei revittäisi, ei tultaisi
Opt.älköön saatako, älköön revittäkö, älköön tultako

Imperative not used.

The Auxiliary Verb.

The conjugation of the positive auxiliary verb olla, to be, is as follows:—

Present.Imperfect.
Sing.Plur.Sing.Plur.
1.olenolemme1.olinolimme
2.oletolette2.olitolitte
3.onovat3.oliolivat
Concessive.Conditional.
Sing.Plur.Sing.Plur.
1.lienenlienemme1.olisinolisimme
2.lienetlienette2.olisitolisitte
3.lieneelienevät3.olisiolisivat
or,
Sing.Plur.
1.ollenollemme
2.olletollette
3.olleeollevat
Imperative.Optative.
Sing.Plur.Sing.Plur.
1.——olkaamme2.ollos——
2.oleolkaa or olkaatte3.olkoonolkoot
Infinitive.
I.Part.ollaIII.Gen.oleman
Transl.ollakse(ni)In.olemassa, etc.
II.In.ollessaIV.Nom.oleminen
Instr.ollenPart.olemista
V.Ad.olemaisillani
Participles.
Pres.olevaPerf.ollut
Passive forms.—Indicative.
Pres.ollaanPerf.on oltu
Imp.oltiinPlupf.oli oltu
Concessive.Conditional.
Simp.oltaneenSimp.oltaisiin
Comp.lienee oltuComp.olisi oltu
Optative.Infinitive.
oltakoonII.In.oltaessa
III.Gen.oltaman
Participles.
Pres.oltavaPerf.oltu.