Stage-coach and Mail in Days of Yore, Volume 2 (of 2) / A picturesque history of the coaching age

by Charles G. Harper

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INDEX

• Accidents, i. [206], [274], [281], [307], [310]; ii. [28], [96–122]
• Allen, Ralph, Post Office reformer, i. [146]
• Amateur coachmen (for individuals, see [Coaching Notabilities])
• ” ” penalty for allowing them to drive, i. [209]
• ” ” rise of, i. [231]
• ” ” incident on the road with, ii. [91–3]
• ” ” originated about 1800, ii. [239]
• ” ” account of the, ii. [239–59]
• Balloon coaches, appear about 1785, i. [296]
• “Basket,” the, described, i. [96], [99];
• miseries of travelling in, i. [101], [295]
• Baxendale, Joseph, ii. [127–43], [207]
• Besant, designer of mail-coaches, i. [178]
• Bonnor, Charles, i. [168], [171]
• “Booking,” i. [320–23]
• ” -clerks, responsibilities of, i. [320]
• ” ” described by Dickens, i. [322], [330]
• ” -offices, i. [320–23]
• ” ” described by Dickens, i. [122], [330]
• Boonen, Wm., Queen Elizabeth’s coachman, i. [5]
• Brighton, first coach to, 1756, i. [134];
• first Sunday coach to, 1792, i. [198]
• Buckingham, Earl of, sets up a carriage, i. [7]
• Bugles (see [Key Bugles])
• Byers, ——, professional informer, i. [214–17]
• Canals, ii. [130], [133]
• “Caravan,” origin of word, ii. [128], [129]
• Carriages, introduction of, i. [2–13];
• become fashionable, i. [11]
• Carriers, the, i. [65];
• antiquity of, i. [103];
• account of, i. [103–45];
• restrictions on, 1622–29, i. [195];
• forbidden to travel on Sundays, 1627, i. [196]
• Cary, Robert, rides horseback to Edinburgh, 1603, i. [16]
• Coach and Harness Makers Company, founded 1677, i. [12]
• “Coach and six through Act of Parliament,” origin of saying, i. [86]
• Coaches:—
• Mail-coaches, general account of, i. [146–80];
• to be exempt from tolls, i. [156];
• Post Office officials resist introduction of, i. [157];
• established 1784, i. [158];
• originally diligences, or light post-coaches, i. [160];
• system extended 1785, i. [163];
• continually breaking down, i. [174];
• new type of, introduced, i. [178];
• Besant’s patent coach, i. [178];
• Besant’s coach condemned by Matthew Boulton 1798, i. [179];
• always four-horsed, i. [180];
• coachmen of, subject to severe penalties for misdemeanours, i. [211];
• used for illegal sale of game, i. [254];
• for smuggling, i. [256];
• outside passengers of, limited to three, i. [258];
• bring early news, i. [260];
• cross-country, shabby, ii. [2];
• increased number of, injure roads, ii. [5];
• stage-coaches unable to compete with, ii. [5];
• exemption of from tolls injurious to Turnpike Trusts, ii. [4–9];
• paid toll in Ireland from 1798 ii. [9];
• exemption repealed as regards Scotland, 1813, ii. [9];
• tyrants of the road, ii. [10];
• exposed to dangers, ii. [10];
• pre-eminence of declines from 1824, on introduction of fast day-coaches, ii. [11];
• additional number of passengers permitted, ii. [12];
• mileage paid to contractors for, ii. [12–15];
• contractors disinclined to do business with Post Office, ii. [15];
• railways begin to supplant, 1830, ii. [16];
• procession of, on King’s birthday, ii. [17–22];
• list of, starting from London 1837, ii. [23];
• the fastest, 1836, ii. [27];
• number of, 1838, ii. [27];
• West of England routes cut up by railways, ii. [36–9];
• horses sold off, ii. [39];
• last of the mails, ii. [40];
• described, ii. [40–47]
• Waude’s mail-coach, 1830, ii. [43–7];
• go seven days a week, ii. [148];
• freedom of from attack, ii. [148];
• robberies of, frequent, ii. [149];
• attacked by lioness, ii. [151];
• adventures of, in snow, ii. [152–5], [159–62], [166–9],
• in floods ii. [162–6], [169];
• West of England, started from Piccadilly, ii. [207]
• Mail-coaches:—
• Banff and Inverness, ii. [165]
• Bath, ii. [22], [23]
• Birmingham, ii. [23]
• ” and Liverpool, ii. [169]
• Brighton, ii. [23], [24], [101]
• ” Day, ii. [313]
• Bristol, established 1784, i. [158–60]; ii. [1], [17], [22], [23], [149], [207]
• Cambridge Auxiliary, ii. [215]
• Canterbury and Deal, ii. [27]
• Carlisle and Edinburgh, ii. [27]
• ” ” Glasgow, ii. [23], [24], [27], [108]
• Carmarthen and Pembroke, ii. [15], [215]
• Cheltenham and Aberystwith, i. [264]; ii. [119]
• Chester, ii. [15], [23], [215]
• Derby and Manchester, ii. [40]
• Devonport (Quicksilver), i. [246], [264], [303]; ii. [22], [23], [28], [31–6], [39], [122], [182], [207], [227], [252], [295], [308], [312]
• Dover, ii. [15], [23], [24], [150]
• ” Foreign, ii. [215]
• Edinburgh, ii. [23], [24], [39], [75], [295]
• ” and Glasgow, ii. [166]
• Exeter, New, i. [264]
• ” ii. [22], [23], [28], [31], [35], [106], [151]
• Falmouth, ii. [23], [31], [35]
• Glasgow, i. [247]; ii. [1–3]
• Gloucester and Carmarthen, ii. [23]
• ” ii. [22], [28], [215]
• Halifax, ii. [23], [106]
• Hastings, ii. [23], [24], [215], [237]
• Holyhead, ii. [15], [23], [207], [315]
• Hull, ii. [23]
• Ipswich, ii. [150], [312]
• Lancaster and Kirkby Stephen, ii. [152]
• Leeds, ii. [23], [24]
• Liverpool, ii. [23]
• ” and Manchester, ii. [12]
• ” and Preston, ii. [27]
• Louth, ii. [23], [28], [106], [235]
• Lynn and Wells, ii. [23], [235]
• Manchester, ii. [23]
• Norwich, by Newmarket, ii. [15], [23], [215]
• Plymouth and Falmouth, ii. [314]
• Poole, ii. [160]
• Portsmouth, ii. [23], [24], [160]
• Southampton, ii. [22], [23]
• Stroud, ii. [22], [23]
• Wick and Thurso, ii. [40]
• Worcester, ii. [23], [215], [318]
• Yarmouth, ii. [23], [24]
• York, ii. [150]
• Stage-coaches, first established 1657, i. [2];
• considered vulgar, i. [25];
• patent for Edinburgh and Leith waggon-coach granted, 1610, i. [56];
• said to have begun about 1640, i. [57];
• John Taylor travels by the Southampton coach, 1648, i. [58–60];
• Chester Stage, first regular stage-coach, established 1657, i. [60];
• Exeter, Okehampton, Plymouth, Newark, Darlington, Ferryhill, York, Durham, Edinburgh and Wakefield stages established 1658, i. [61];
• itinerary varied to suit prospective travellers, i. [63];
• Oxford coach, 1661, i. [63];
• Preston, Lancashire, 1662, i. [63];
• horses went whole journey, i. [63];
• changed once a day, i. [63];
• Norwich coach, 1665, i. [64];
• lack of full information, about 1660–80, i. [64–74];
• early stages described by Taylor, the Water Poet, i. [65];
• described, i. [65–7], [82];
• first provided with glazed windows, about 1710, i. [67];
• agonies of travelling in, i. [63], [67], [72];
• Bath Flying Machine, 1667, i. [68];
• De Laune’s Present State of London, 1681, contains first lists of, i. [77–9];
• general in 1681, i. [77];
• opposition to, dies down, i. [79];
• fares moderate, 1684, i. [79];
• winter still, in 1731, largely a season of no coaches, i. [82];
• easily outpaced by pedestrians, about 1750, i. [82–85];
• six horses and a postilion generally used, 1754–1783, i. [85], [86], [90];
• horses changed oftener than once a day, i. [87];
• consequent acceleration, i. [88];
• beginnings of competition and rivalry, i. [89];
• agreements between proprietors, i. [89];
• consequent deceleration of coaches, i. [90];
• Edinburgh stage a “glass machine on steel springs,” 1754, i. [89];
• of 1750, described by Sir Walter Scott, i. [97];
• outside passengers first provided with seats, about 1800, i. [181];
• fore and hind boots introduced, about 1800, i. [181];
• contempt of insides for outsides, i. [181], [210];
• “Land Frigate,” London and Portsmouth, i. [182];
• springs under driving-boxes introduced about 1805, i. [185]; ii. [240];
• shorter stages adopted, about 1800, i. [186];
• travel at night, from about 1780, i. [186]; ii. [66];
• speed increased, i. [189];
• duty levied, 1776, i. [205];
• duty increased 1783 and 1785, i. [206];
• accidents increase, i. [206];
• Gamon’s Acts, regulating number of passengers, 1788–90, i. [206–9];
• severity of Acts of 1806 and 1811, regulating, i. [209–12];
• the law constantly broken, i. [212];
• rise and progress of the professional informers, i. [213–18];
• duties reduced, 1839, i. [218–20];
• provincial coaches despised, i. [245];
• first begin to be named, i. [282];
• opposition and rivalry of, i. [282–8];
• “machine” becomes a favourite term, about 1754, i. [286];
• introduction of “diligences,” about 1776, i. [287];
• “diligences,” originally fast, become slow, i. [288–92];
• Shillibeer’s Brighton Diligence, i. [290–92];
• the Post-Coaches and Light Post-Coaches, a fast and exclusive type, i. [292–5];
• objectionable company in, i. [294];
• “Accommodation” coaches, slow and capacious, introduced about 1800, i. [295];
• generally acquire names from about 1780, i. [295];
• the principles and system of naming described, i. [295–317];
• the public alarmed by increasing accidents, 1810–20, i. [310];
• “patent safety,” i. [309–16];
• Waude’s coaches, ii. [16];
• fast day coaches begin, 1824, ii. [173–87];
• attain speed of eleven and twelve miles an hour, ii. [179], [185];
• Cobbett on, ii. [182];
• gas-lighting of, proposed, ii. [186];
• Glasgow and Paisley coaches lit by gas 1827, ii. [186];
• increased comfort and elegance of, ii. [186];
• “short stages,” the, ii. [187–93];
• threatened by railways, ii. [208];
• rivalry, 1830–36, ii. [215–17];
• threatened by steam-carriages, 1824–38, ii. [260–68];
• run off by railways, ii. [269–74];
• long survived on branch routes, ii. [281];
• ended generally 1848, ii. [292]
• Stage-coaches (mentioned at length):—
• Age, Brighton, ii. [247], [252]
• Amersham and Wendover stage, ii. [281]
• Bath Flying Machine, 1667, i. [68]
• Bedford Times, i. [2]
• Beehive, Manchester, ii. [162], [229–31]
• Birmingham Flying Coach, 1742, i. [92]
• ” Improved Flying Coach, 1758, i. [92]
• ” and Shrewsbury Long Coach, 1753, in 4 days, i. [95]
• ” stage, 1697, by Banbury, i. [77]; in 2½ days, 1731, i. [80]
• Chesham stage, ii. [281]
• Chester stage, 1657, in 4 days, i. [60];
• in 5 days, i. [62];
• in 6 days, 1710, i. [73]
• Coburg, Brighton, ii. [97]
• ” Edinburgh and Perth, ii. [108]
• Comet, Brighton, established 1815, i. [305–8], [312]
• ” Southampton, ii. [207]
• “Confatharrat,” Norwich, 1695, i. [80], [282]
• Coronet, Brighton, ii. [251]
• Criterion, Brighton, ii. [105]
• Defiance, Exeter, ii. [235]
• ” Manchester, ii. [207], [228]
• Derby Dilly, the, i. [239]
• Duke of Beaufort, Brighton, ii. [101]
• Edinburgh stage, once a fortnight, 1658, i. [61];
• in 10 days summer, [12] winter, 1754, i. [89];
• once a month, in 12 days, 1763, i. [90]
• Emerald, Bristol, ii. [207]
• Estafette, Manchester, ii. [186]
• Everlasting, Wolverhampton and Worcester, i. [238–40]
• Exeter Fly, in 6 days, 1700, i. [80]
• ” Flying Stage, 1739, generally 6 days, i. [90]
• ” Fast Coach, 1752, every Monday, in 3½ days summer, 6 winter, i. [91]
• Exeter stage, in 4 days, 1658, i. [61];
• in 8 days summer, [10] winter 1673, i. [74]
• Expedition, Norwich, ii. [150]
• Fowler’s Shrewsbury stage, 1753, in 3½ days, i. [95]
• Glasgow and Edinburgh stage, 1678, in 3 days, i. [76]; 1743, i. [76]
• ” ” ” Caravan, 1749, in 2 days, i. [77]
• Glasgow and Edinburgh Fly, 1759, in 1½ days, i. [77]
• Gloucester Old Stage, ii. [240]
• Greyhound, Birmingham, ii. [207]
• Hull and York stage, 1678, i. [74]
• Independent Tally-Ho, Birmingham, ii. [215]
• Land Frigate, Portsmouth, i. [182]
• Lark, Leicester and Nottingham, ii. [110]
• Leeds Flying Coach, 1760, in 4 days, i. [93]
• Lewes and Brighthelmstone Flying Machine, 1762, i. [283]
• ” stage, i. [283]
• Liverpool Flying Machine, 1758, in 3 days, i. [93]
• Magnet, Cheltenham, ii. [207]
• Maidenhead and Marlow Post-Coach, i. [294]
• Manchester Flying Coach, 1754, in 4½ days, i. [92]
• Nelson, Newcastle-on-Tyne, i. [67]
• Newcastle Flying Coach, 1734, in 9 days, i. [87]
• Nimrod, Shrewsbury, ii. [215]
• Norwich stage, 1665, i. [64]
• Oxford Flying Coach, 1669, in 1 day, i. [69]
• ” stage, 1661, in 2 days, i. [63], [68]
• Peveril of the Peak, Manchester, ii. [107], [229], [237]
• Potter, Manchester and Stafford, ii. [150]
• Preston, Lancashire, stage, 1662, i. [63]
• Prince of Wales, Birmingham and Shrewsbury, i. [185], [231]; ii. [240], [307]
• Quicksilver, Brighton, ii. [102–5]
• Red Rover, Brighton, ii. [311]
• ” Liverpool, ii. [207]
• ” Manchester, ii. [162], [229], [277]
• Regent, Stamford, ii. [207]
• Rocket, London and Portsmouth, ii. [320]
• Rockingham, Leeds, ii. [81]
• Safety, Cambridge, i. [241]
• Salop Machine, the “original,” 1774, i. [98]
• Shrewsbury Caravan, 1750, in 4 days, i. [119]
• Sovereign, Patent Safety, Brighton, i. [311]
• Stag, Shrewsbury, ii. [216]
• Star, Cambridge, i. [241]; ii. [257], [299]
• Taglioni, Windsor, i. [316]
• Tally-Ho, Birmingham, ii. [214], [237]
• ” Plymouth and Falmouth, ii. [314]
• Tantivy, Birmingham, i. [278], [317]; ii. [185], [207], [237]
• Telegraph, Cambridge, ii. [207], [299]
• ” Exeter, i. [300–303]; ii. [34], [39], [227], [295], [313]
• ” Manchester, i. [300]; ii. [185], [207], [227–9]
• Telegraph, Southampton, ii. [306]
• ” Norwich, by Newmarket, ii. [15], [150]
• Times, Bedford, i. [2]; ii. [217]
• ” Brighton and Southampton, ii. [113]
• ” Cambridge, i. [241]
• True Blue, Leeds and Wakefield, ii. [97]
• Umpire, Liverpool, ii. [217]
• Union, King’s Lynn, i. [250]; ii. [300], [302–5]
• Wakefield stage, 1658, in 4 days, i. [61]
• Warwick ” 1694, once a week, in 2 days, i. [80]
• Wellington, Newcastle-on-Tyne, ii. [66–95]
• Wonder, Shrewsbury, ii. [49], [185], [215], [227], [306]
• Worcester Old Fly, ii. [241]
• York stage, 1658, in 4 days, i. [61];
• 1673, i. [74];
• 1706, i. [75]
• Coaching Age, began 1657, i. [2], [60];
• end of, ii. [260–91];
• long survived on branch routes, ii. [281];
• ended generally by 1848, ii. [292]
• Coaching Notabilities:—
• Barrymores, Earls of, ii. [241]
• Cotton, Sir St. Vincent, ii. [246–51], [257]
• Jones, C. Tyrwhitt, ii. [251]
• Kenyon, Hon. Thomas, ii. [233]
• Lade, Sir John, ii. [241]
• Lennox, Lord William, i. [278], [347]
• Mellish, Colonel, ii. [241], [245]
• Mytton, John, ii. [245]
• Peyton, Sir Henry, ii. [233]
• Stevenson, Henry, ii. [247], [251–4]
• Warburton, R. E. E., i. [317–19]
• Warde, John, i. [185], [231], [317]; ii. [240]
• Worcester, Marquis of (afterwards 7th Duke of Beaufort), ii. [101], [251]
• Coachmen, forbidden to allow amateurs to drive, i. [209];
• penalties on, for misdemeanours, i. [209–11];
• the early, i. [221–30];
• the later, i. [231–48];
• the “flash men,” i. [235];
• denounced violently by Borrow, i. [235–8];
• described, ii. [72–4], [83–7], [91–4]; ii. [174–7];
• “shoulder” fares and “swallow” passengers, ii. [200–203];
• contempt of, for railways, 1833–37, ii. [268];
• lose their occupation, ii. [278–81];
• what became of the, ii. [292–321]
• Coachmen:—
• Abingdon, John, ii. [318]
• Bailey, Jack, i. [231]; ii. [240]
• Brewer, Sampson, ii. [315]
• Carter, Philip, ii. [311]
• Clements, Wm., ii. [311]
• Cracknell, E., i. [318]; ii. [185]
• Creery, Jack, ii. [152]
• Cross, Thomas, i. [238]; ii. [299–306]
• Emmens, Joe, i. [228]
• Hayward, Sam, ii. [306]
• Holmes, Charles, ii. [316]
• Howse, Jerry, ii. [186]
• Jobson, John, ii. [307]
• Layfield, Tom, ii. [91]
• Marsh, Matthew, ii. [308]
• Parker, ——, ii. [319]
• Peers, Jack, ii. [306]
• Pickett, A., i. [315]; ii. [306]
• Pointer, Robert, ii. [320]
• Salisbury, Harry, ii. [185]
• Salter, Wm., ii. [316]
• Simpson, Harry, ii. [308]
• Thorogood, John, i. [238]
• Vaughan, Dick, ii. [299]
• Vickers, Dick, ii. [315]
• Walton, Jo, i. [241]; ii. [257], [299]
• Ward, Charles, i. [238]; ii. [120], [311–15]
• ” Harry, i. [238], [246]; ii. [311]
• Williams, Bill, ii. [257–9]
• Wilson, John, i. [238–40]
• ” William, i. [240]
• Coachmen killed:—
• Aiken, ——, ii. [106]
• Austin, ——, ii. [106]
• Burnett, ——, ii. [107]
• Cherry, ——, ii. [116]
• Crouch, Thomas, ii. [107]
• Draing, James, ii. [115]
• Eyles, ——, ii. [116]
• Fleet, ——, ii. [101]
• Frisby, ——, ii. [110]
• Roberts, Thomas, ii. [106]
• Skinner, Henry, ii. [317]
• Upfold, William, ii. [113]
• Vaughan, Dick, ii. [299]
• Walker, Joseph, ii. [98]
• Wilkes, John, ii. [318]
• Coach-proprietors, alarmed by establishment of mail-coaches, 1784, i. [160];
• provide driving-boxes with springs, 1805, i. [185];
• petition against Bill regulating stage-coaches, 1788, i. [208];
• liabilities of, i. [208–10]; prosecuted and fined, i. [216];
• relief of, at close of coaching age, by reduction of duties, i. [218–20];
• begin to name their coaches, i. [282];
• indisposed to adopt “safety” coaches, 1805, i. [309];
• obliged by public opinion to do so, 1819, i. [311–16];
• hazardous business of, from 1824, ii. [173];
• cut fares in competition, 1834, ii. [187];
• bitter rivalry among, i. [283], ii. [215–18];
• of short stages, ii. [187];
• business of, described, ii. [194–238];
• spirited struggle of, against railways, ii. [273–8];
• misled by irresponsible newspaper talk, ii. [274–7]
• Coach-proprietors:—
• Alexander, Israel, ii. [102]
• Batchelor, James, of Lewes, i. [283–5]
• Brawne, S., i. [283]
• Bretherton, of Liverpool, ii. [238]
• Capps, Thomas Ward, of Brighton, ii. [253]
• Carter, of Shrewsbury, i. [109]
• Chaplin, William, of the “Swan with Two Necks,” Lad Lane, ii. [34], [141], [173–5], [195–210], [212], [228], [238], [312]
• Chaplin, William Augustus, ii. [210]
• Chaplin & Horne, ii. [209]
• Cooper, Thomas, of Thatcham, ii. [173]
• Costar & Waddell, of Oxford, ii. [186]
• Cripps, William, of Brighton, ii. [251]
• Cross, John, of the “Golden Cross,” Charing Cross, ii. [300]
• Fagg, Thomas, of the “Bell and Crown,” Holborn, ii. [235]
• Gilbert, William, of the “Blossoms” Inn, Lawrence Lane, ii. [237]
• Goodman, S., of Brighton, ii. [102–5]
• Grey, Robert, of the “Bolt-in-Tun,” Fleet Street, ii. [237]
• Hearn, Joseph, of the “King’s Arms,” Snow Hill, ii. [237]
• Hine, ——, of Brighton, ii. [181]
• Horne, Benjamin Worthy, of the “Golden Cross,” Charing Cross, ii. [15], [141], [208], [210–25]
• Horne, Henry, ii. [223]
• ” William, ii. [210–13], [215]
• Jobson, J., of Shrewsbury, ii. [215], [307]
• Mountain, Mrs. Sarah Ann, of the “Saracen’s Head,” Snow Hill, ii. [214], [236]
• Nelson, Mrs. Ann, of the “Bull” Inn, Whitechapel, i. [300]; ii. [227], [232–5], [236]; ii. [313], [343]
• Nelson, John, ii. [235]
• ” Robert, of the “Belle Sauvage,” Ludgate Hill, ii. [215], [229–35]
• Roberts, ——, of the “White Horse,” Fetter Lane, ii. [213]
• Rothwell, Nicholas, of Warwick, i. [80–85]
• Sherman, Edward, of the “Bull and Mouth,” St. Martin’s-le-Grand, ii. [186], [207], [215], [216], [217], [226–8], [229], [231], [273–8]
• Shillibeer, George, i. [290–92]
• Taylor, Isaac, of Shrewsbury, ii. [215], [216], [307]
• Teather, Edward, of Carlisle, ii. [238]
• Tubb, J., i. [283–5]
• Waddell, of Birmingham, ii. [238]
• Ward, Charles, ii. [313–15]
• Waterhouse, William, of the “Swan with Two Necks,” Lad Lane, ii. [196]
• Webb, Frederic, of Bolton, ii. [238]
• Wetherald, J. & Co., of Manchester, ii. [238], [278]
• Whitchurch, Best & Wilkins, of Brighton, i. [312–15]
• Willans, Wm., of the “Bull and Mouth,” St. Martin’s-le-Grand, ii. [227]
• Worcester, Marquis of (afterwards 7th Duke of Beaufort), ii. [101]
• Coach travelling, on the roof, described by Moritz, 1782, i. [99–102];
• by mail, 1798, described by Boulton, i. [179];
• passengers booked in advance, i. [321];
• miseries of early morning, i. [325–32];
• about 1750, described in Roderick Random, i. [333];
• courtesies to ladies, 1714, i. [335];
• romance of, i. [336];
• severe test of a gentleman, i. [337];
• humours of coach-dinners, i. [337–47];
• coach-breakfasts, i. [347–51];
• social gulf between inside and outside passengers, i. [351];
• described by De Quincey, i. [351–3];
• humour in, i. [353];
• adventures described, i. [355];
• savage idea of humour, i. [356–8];
• practical joking, i. [357];
• outside the most desirable place in summer, ii. [67];
• in 1772, ii. [48–65];
• in 1830, ii. [66–95];
• miseries of, in winter, ii. [155–8], [169]
• “Comet” coaches, begin about 1811, i. [304–8]
• Commercial travellers, known successively as “riders,” “bagmen,” “travellers,” “commercial gentlemen,” “ambassadors of commerce,” and “representatives,” i. [56];
• come into existence about 1730, i. [118];
• adventure of a, ii. [328]
• “Common stage-waggons,” a term specified by General Turnpike Act of 1766, i. [204]
• Cornets-à-piston, popular with guards, i. [280]
• Cresset, John, denounces stage-coaches, 1662, i. [26], [70–74]
• Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, prophesies railways and balloons, ii. [260], [282]
• “Derby Dilly,” the, i. [289]
• Dickens, Charles, on coach booking-offices, i. [322];
• on miseries of early morning travelling, i. [325–32];
• on coaching prints, ii. [110];
• Christmas stories, ii. [162];
• at the “Bull,” Whitechapel, ii. [234]
• Diligences, a species of Light Post-Coach, i. [160], [287–92];
• originally fast, and carried three inside passengers only, i. [287];
• became slow, i. [288–90];
• Shillibeer’s Brighton Diligence, i. [290–92]
• “Double Horse,” the, i. [53]
• Eliot, George, foreshadows tube railways, ii. [282–5]
• Elizabeth, Queen, suffers from riding in carriage, i. [5];
• prefers riding horseback, i. [5]
• Fares, by stage-coach, a shilling for every five miles, 1684, i. [79];
• London and Bath, £1 5s., 1667, i. [69];
• Bath Flying Machine, 3d. a mile, 1667, i. [69];
• London and Oxford, 12s., 1669, i. [71];
• 10s., 1671, i. [71];
• Liverpool Flying Machine, about 2½d. a mile, 1758, i. [93];
• reduced in competition on Brighton Road, 1762, i. [284];
• in competition with railways, 1838, ii. [273];
• Shrewsbury and London Long Coach, 18s., 1753, i. [95];
• Shrewsbury and London Caravan, 15s., 1750, i. [119];
• Shrewsbury and London Stage, inside, £1 1s., 1753, i. [119];
• Shrewsbury and London Machine, inside, 30s., 1764, i. [120];
• Newcastle and London, 1772, ii. [63];
• 1830, ii. [67], [95];
• reduced all round, 1834, ii. [187]
• Fares, Short stages, ii. [189]
• ” Waggon, from ½d. to 1d. a mile, i. [69], [139];
• ½d. a mile, or 1s. a day, i. [120], [131]
• Floods, ii. [165–70]
• Fly Boats, i. [140]; ii. [130]
• ” Vans, London and Falmouth, 1820, i. [136–9]
• “Flying Coach,” the first, 1669, i. [69]
• “Flying Machines,” the first, 1667, i. [68];
• described, i. [68–93], [283–5]
• Flying Stage-waggon, London and Shrewsbury, in 5 days, 1750, i. [118]
• Gamon, Sir Richard, legislates on coaching, i. [206–8]
• Gay, John, the Poet, his Journey to Exeter, 1715, i. [28–33]
• Goods, carriage of, by pack-horses, i. [106–111]; ii. [124];
• by sledges, called “Truckamucks,” i. [107];
• pack-horses partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. [117];
• cost of carriage, 1750, i. [135];
• by road and canal, about 1830, i. [140];
• carrying firms, ii. [123–43], [207–10]
• Guards, generally, “shoulder” fares and “swallow” passengers, ii. [200–203]
• Guards of mails, not to fire off blunderbusses unnecessarily, i. [209];
• servants of General Post Office, i. [249];
• gross excesses of early, i. [250–52];
• Post Office responsible for excesses, i. [251];
• how armed and equipped, i. [251–60];
• extravagant behaviour restricted, i. [252];
• appointments eagerly sought, i. [252];
• salary small, 10s. 6d. weekly, i. [253];
• “tips” render appointments valuable, i. [253];
• illegal purveyors of game, i. [254];
• trusted and confidential messengers, i. [255];
• as smugglers, i. [256];
• bravery of, and devotion to duty, i. [256];
• number of, i. [256];
• responsibilities of, i. [258];
• purveyors of news, i. [259];
• their duties, i. [261];
• instructions to, i. [262];
• prosperity of, i. [262];
• position poor on cross-country mails, i. [263];
• salaries raised, 1842, i. [263];
• forbidden to play key-bugle, i. [280];
• devoted to duty, ii. [160];
• rashness of, ii. [165]
• Guards of mails:—
• Couldery, —, i. [265]; ii. [120]
• Kent, Luke, ii. [319]
• Murrell, “Cocky,” i. [271]
• Nobbs, Moses J., i. [264–71]; ii. [119]
• Guards of stage-coaches, i. [272–81];
• stages not always provided with, i. [272];
• versatile accomplishments of, i. [273];
• annual festivities of, i. [275–8];
• snowbound at Dunchurch, ii. [162]
• Guards of stage-coaches:—
• Faulkner, Francis, ii. [320]
• Goodwin, Jack, ii. [162]
• Hadley, Robert, i. [274], [276]
• Lord, Joe, ii. [152]
• Russell, Thomas, i. [281]
• Young, George, i. [273]
• Guide-posts obligatory, 1690, i. [112]
• Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy, inventor of steam-carriages, ii. [261–5], [285]
• Hackney coaches, denounced by Taylor, i. [9];
• established 1605, i. [9–13]
• “Hammercloth,” derivation of the term, i. [68], [97]
• Hancock, Walter, inventor of steam-carriages, ii. [261], [264–8], [285]
• Hazlett, Robert, highwayman, ii. [53]
• Highwaymen, the, i. [85], [116], [120–23], [157], [186], [332–5]; ii. [53], [59–61], [144–50], [326], [327–9]
• Hobson, Thomas, the Cambridge carrier, i. [65], [103–5], [205]; ii. [124]
• Hoby, Sir Thos., sets up a carriage, 1566, i. [4]
• Horsemen, the, i. [14–56]
• Horses, generally six to a coach until about 1783–90, i. [85], [86], [90];
• usually same horses from beginning to end of journey until 1734, i. [63], [87];
• the “Double Horse,” i. [53];
• “parliamentary horse,” i. [218];
• fast coaches wear horses out quickly, 1824, ii. [173];
• average price paid for, 1824, ii. [176];
• system of working improved, 1824, ii. [176];
• bad-tempered, bought cheap, ii. [177]
• Informers, i. [213–18]
• Inns (mentioned at length):—
• Bell and Crown, Holborn, ii. [235]
• Belle Sauvage, Ludgate Hill, i. [323], [324]; ii. [229], [237]
• Blossoms, Lawrence Lane, ii. [185], [229], [237]
• Boar and Castle, Oxford Street, ii. [189]
• Bolt-in-Tun, Fleet Street, ii. [215], [237]
• Bull, Whitechapel, i. [324]; ii. [227], [232–5], [343]
• Bull and Mouth, St. Martin’s-le-Grand, i. [323], [324]; ii. [67], [68], [147], [178], [214], [215], [226], [231], [273], [277]
• Four Crosses, Willoughby, i. [46]
• George, Huntingdon, ii. [74]
• Golden Cross, Charing Cross, i. [322], [323], [324], [329]; ii. [210], [213], [214]
• Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul’s Churchyard, ii. [189], [296]
• Green Man and Still, Oxford Street, ii. [190]
• Hardwicke Arms, Arrington Bridge, ii. [73]
• King’s Arms, Snow Hill, ii. [237]
• Lion, Shrewsbury, ii. [215]
• Old Bell, Holborn, ii. [190], [282]
• Pelican, Speenhamland, ii. [340], [343]
• Saracen’s Head, Snow Hill, i. [324]; ii. [67], [214], [236]
• Swan with Two Necks, Lad Lane, i. [323], [324]; ii. [178], [195–9], [204], [228]
• Talbot, Shrewsbury, ii. [215]
• Three Tuns, Durham, ii. [340]
• Wheatsheaf, Rushyford Bridge, ii. [94]
• Winterslow Hut, ii. [151]
• “Journey,” original meaning of word, i. [107]
• Key-bugles, popular with guards, i. [279–81]
• Legislation, i. [194–220]
• Long coaches (an intermediate class of vehicle, between stage-coaches and waggons), i. [95], [119], [210], [286]
• Long Coach, Birmingham and Shrewsbury, 1753, 3½ days to London, i. [119]
• “Machines” introduced 1667, i. [68];
• the term in general use about 1740, i. [69], [120], [282];
• a favourite term, i. [286]
• Mail-coaches—see “[Coaches: Mail-coaches]”
• Mary, Queen, her State Coach, 1553, i. [3]
• Matthews’ Patent Safety Coach, i. [312]
• Milton, Rev. W., inventor of Patent Safety Coach, 1805, i. [309]; ii. [96]
• Motor-cars, early (1823–38), ii. [260–68];
• modern, ii. [285–9], [347]
• Northumberland, Earl of, sets up a carriage, 1619, i. [8]
• Nunn, James, buyer of horses for Chaplin, ii. [204–7]
• Old-time travellers:—
• Brome, Rev.—, tour of, 1700, ii. [333]
• Calderwood, Mrs., of Bolton and Coltness, 1756, ii. [334]
• Cary, Robert, rides from London to Edinburgh, 1603, i. [16]
• Charles VI., Emperor, visits Petworth, ii. [332]
• Clarendon, Henry, Earl of, travels from Chester to Holyhead, 1685, i. [21]
• Cobbett, Richard, rides horseback, i. [55];
• on coaches, ii. [181]
• Denmark, Prince George of, visits Petworth, ii. [332]
• De Quincey, Thomas, on contempt of inside passengers for outsides, i. [210], [351–3];
• prefers outside of coaches, ii. [67]
• Dugdale, Sir William, mentions Birmingham coach of 1697, i. [77]
• Fiennes, Celia, in Lancashire, 1691, surprised at finding sign-posts, i. [115]
• Gay, John (the poet) A Journey to Exeter, 1715, i. [28–33]
• Hawker, Col., on travelling in 1812, i. [245];
• on cost of journey, London to Glasgow, 1812, ii. [1–3], [4];
• on “Bull and Mouth” inn, 1812, ii. [227]
• Johnson, Dr., i. [52–3]
• Macready, William C. (the actor), on incredibly slow journey, Liverpool to London, 1811, i. [294]
• Moritz, Rev. C. H., on miseries of outside passengers, 1782, i. [98–102]
• Murray, Rev. James, describes a journey from Newcastle-on-Tyne to London, 1772, ii. [48–65]
• Parker, Edward, on miseries of coach journey from Preston, Lancashire, 1662, i. [25–63]
• Pepys, Samuel, often loses the road, i. [112]
• Somerset, Dukes of, and Petworth, ii. [332]
• Sopwith, Thomas, on discontinuance of York Mail, ii. [39]
• Sorbière, Samuel de, on waggoners, 1663, i. [127]
• Swift, Jonathan, Dean, his couplets for inn signs on Penmaenmawr, i. [21];
• on horseback journey, Chester to London, 1710, i. [33], [73];
• on journey London to Holyhead and Dublin, 1726, i. [33];
• diary of journey, London to Holyhead, 1727, i. [34–47];
• epigram at Willoughby, i. [46];
• travels by stage-waggon, i. [132];
• on travelling, ii. [330]
• Taylor, John (the “Water Poet”), travels to Southampton, 1648, i. [58–60]
• Thoresby, Ralph, travels by York stage to London, 1683, i. [27], [73];
• finds the Hull to York stage discontinued for winter season, 1678, i. [74];
• going horseback, often misses his way, i. [112];
• describes custom of treating lady passengers in coaches, 1714, i. [335];
• on spring festivities, 1714, ii. [346]
• Wesley, John, generally travelled horseback, i. [47];
• describes his adventures, i. [47–52];
• finds unpleasant company in a coach, i. [293]
• Omnibuses, displace “short stages,” ii. [193];
• “Wellington,” Stratford and Westbourne Grove, ii. [235];
• of Richmond Conveyance Co., ii. [296]
• Outside passengers first heard of, and probable origin of carrying, i. [95];
• miseries of, i. [98–102];
• first provided with seats, i. [181];
• treated with contempt by inside passengers, i. [210], [351–3]; ii. [181]
• Pack-horses, i. [106–9], [111], [118];
• partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. [117];
• pack-horse trains, ii. [124]
• Palmer, John, Post Office reformer, account of, i. 148–80 (Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359);
• proposes a service of mail-coaches, i. [155];
• plan for, matured 1782, i. [156];
• establishes first mail-coach, 1784, i. [158];
• proposes to extend system to France, i. [163];
• appointed Comptroller-General 1786, i. [164];
• contentions with Postmasters-General, i. [165–72];
• his character, i. [166];
• betrayed by Bonnor, i. [168];
• dismissed, i. [172];
• grant to, i. [173];
• death of, i. [174];
• ancestry of, Appendix, Vol. I., p. [359];
• descendants, [359]
• “Parliamentary Horse,” the, i. [218]
• “Patent Safety” coaches, i. [309–16]; ii. [109]
• Pepys, Samuel, sets up a carriage, 1668, i. [11];
• in travelling, often loses the road, i. [112]
• “Pickaxe” team, i.e. three horses, ii. [270]
• Pickford & Co., i. [139]; ii. [123–43], [208]
• ” Matthew, ii. [125–7]
• ” Thomas, ii. [125–7]
• Poor people, how they travelled, i. [115], [131–3], [139];
• find it cheaper to go by rail, i. [144]
• Postboys, i.e. mail-carriers, i. [146], [152];
• went toll-free, ii. [5]
• Postes, Master of the, i. [14]
• Post-horses, State monopoly of, i. [14–23];
• monopoly abolished, 1780, i. [23];
• mileage charges for, i. [15];
• increased, i. [18]
• Postmaster-General, office of created, 1657, i. [18]
• Postmasters, i.e. keepers of post-horses, i. [15–18], [147]
• “Post Office of England” created, 1657, i. [17];
• re-established, 1660, i. [22]
• Post Office, General, i. [14–19], [20], [22–4], [46–180];
• declines Hancock’s offer to convey mails by steam-carriage, ii. [268]
• Railways:—
• Mails first carried by, 1830, ii. [16];
• authorised to convey mails, 1838, ii. [16];
• run York coaches off road, 1840, ii. [39];
• run waggons off, ii. [138];
• threaten coaching, ii. [208];
• projected railways criticised, 1838, ii. [209];
• ruin the early steam-carriages, ii. [268];
• ridiculed, 1837, ii. [268];
• cut up the coach routes, ii. [270–74];
• bad service of trains, 1838, ii. [274];
• insolence of officials, ii. [274–7];
• public dissatisfaction with, 1838, ii. [274–7];
• tube railways foreshadowed by George Eliot, ii. [282–5]
• Grand Junction, ii. [141], [274]
• Highland, ii. [40]
• Liverpool and Manchester, ii. [16], [96], [138]
• London and Birmingham (now London and North-Western), ii. [141], [208], [222–5], [273], [278]
• London and Manchester, ii. [16], [96], [138]
• London and Southampton (now London and South-Western), ii. [17], [36], [209], [299]
• Metropolitan extended to Aylesbury 1892, ii. [281]
• North British, ii. [40]
• “Ride and Tie,” custom of, i. [54]
• Rippon, Walter, carriage-maker to Queen Mary, i. [4]
• Roads, bad state of, 1568, i. [5];
• dreadful condition in North Wales in eighteenth century, i. [20–22];
• Exeter Road described in 1752 as “dreadful,” i. [91];
• first General Highway Act, 1555, i. [106];
• mere tracks and unenclosed, 1739, i. [111];
• not safe for solitary travellers, i. [115];
• gradually improve from 1700, i. [117];
• growth of heavy traffic cuts them up, i. [123];
• ignorance of road-surveyors, i. [123];
• legislation to protect, 1760, i. [123–6];
• 1622–29, [194–6];
• 1752, i. [199–202];
• General Turnpike Act, 1766, i. [202–5];
• improve generally, ii. [3];
• shocking state of, between Carlisle and Glasgow, 1812, ii. [4];
• wear and tear of, by mails, ii. [4–9];
• and early steam-carriages, ii. [262];
• vulgarised by modern “improvements,” ii. [326];
• terrible state of, in Sussex, ii. [332];
• picturesqueness of, threatened by coming changes, ii. [347]
• Robberies from coaches, ii. [144–50]
• “Rumble-tumble,” i. [96], [97], [99];
• miseries of travelling in the, i. [101], [139]
• Rutland, Earl of, sets up a carriage, 1555
• Shillibeer, George, his “Brighton Diligence,” i. [290–92];
• his omnibuses, ii. [193]
• Short stages, the, ii. [188–93]
• “Short Tommy,” the, ii. [175]
• “Shouldering,” i.e. stealing, fares, ii. [200–203]
• Sign-posts obligatory, 1690, i. [112]
• Silver, Anthony, carriage-maker to Queen Mary, i. [3]
• Smollett, Tobias, i. [108], [110];
• on travelling in 1748, i. [115–17], [334]
• Snowstorms, i. [261], [264–9]; ii. [137], [157], [159–62], [166–9]
• Stage-coaches—see “[Coaches: stage-coaches]”
• Stage-waggons, established about 1500, i. 2: see “[Waggons”]
• Steam-carriages, 1823–38, ii. [217], [260–68]
• Sunday, a day of rest, i. [29], [90]
• ” Trading Acts, i. [196–9]; ii. [148]
• “Swallowing,” i.e. stealing, fares, ii. [200–203]
• Talbot, the old English hound, i. [109]
• “Tantivy,” meaning of the word, ii. [185]
• “Tantivy Trot,” coaching song, ii. [185]
• Telegraph coaches established, from about 1781, i. [300–303]
• Telegraph springs introduced, ii. [228]
• “Tipping,” origin and progress of, i. [228–30];
• of mail-guards, i. [253], [262];
• forbidden, i. [263];
• of coachmen, i. [345]; ii. [1]
• Tom Brown’s Schooldays, i. [347]
• “Travel,” origin of the word, i. [107]
• “Truckamuck,” a kind of sledge, i. [107]
• Turnpike Acts, growth of, 1700–1770, i. [117];
• penalise narrow and encourage broad wheels, i. [124–6], [202–205];
• General Turnpike Act, 1766, i. [202–205]
• Turnpike keepers, i. [24], [208], [212];
• prosecuted by informers, i. [217];
• sleepy, ii. [79]
• Turnpike roads, not in favour with waggoners, i. [126]
• Turnpike tolls, i. [124];
• levied on waggons, i. [200–205];
• doubled on Sundays about 1780, ii. [147];
• heavy discriminatory charges against steam-carriages, ii. [262], [263]
• Turnpike Trusts, grievances of, against Post Office, ii. [4–9];
• action of, against steam-carriages, ii. [262], [263]
• “Unicorn” team, i.e. three horses, ii. [270]
• Van, origin of the name, ii. [129]
• Van proprietors:—
• Chaplin & Horne, ii. [209], [229]
• Pickford & Co., i. [123–43]
• Russell & Co., i. [136–9]
• Van proprietors prosecuted for technical offences, i. [216]
• Vidler & Parratt, mail-coach manufacturers, i. [178]; ii. [17], [18], [44]
• Waggons, i. [103–45];
• established about 1500, i. [103];
• increase in number and weight about 1760, i. [123];
• legislation directed against 1766, i. [124–6], [202–204];
• only disappear so late as 1860, i. [144];
• four-wheeled waggons forbidden 1622, i. [194];
• loads over 20 cwt. forbidden 1622, i. [195];
• restrictions on teams, i. [195–200];
• on loads, i. [200]
• Waggoners, character of the, i. [126–31];
• forbidden to ride on their waggons, i. [205];
• preyed upon by informers, i. [212–14]
• Waude, ——, coach-builder, ii. [16], [43–7], [228]
• Weller, Tony, as typical coachman, i. [221]
• Witherings, Thomas, Master of the Postes, i. [17]
• Yard-porters, status of, ii. [178]
• York, James, Duke of, sets up a “glass coach,” 1661, i. [11], [66]

Printed by Hazett, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks remedied.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained; occurrences of inconsistent hyphenation have not been changed.

Index not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references. Links to pages in Volume I (double-underlined) may not be supported by some eReaders.

The symbol on page [278] is a hand, pointing to the right (“white right-pointing index”).