[365] J. B. Say, De l’Angleterre et des Anglais, in Œuvres, vol. iv, p. 213.
[366] Villermé’s report in Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences morales, vol. ii, p. 414, note. Villermé’s observations were made in 1835 and 1836, although his celebrated work, Tableau de l’État physique et moral des Ouvriers, was not published till 1840. This book is a reproduction of his report to the Academy.
[367] Enquête sur l’Industrie du Coton, 1829, p. 87. Evidence of Messrs. Witz and Son, manufacturers.
[368] Vide Bulletin de la Société, etc., 1828, p. 326-329.
[369] Cf. Rist, Durée du Travail dans l’Industrie française de 1820 à 1870, in the Revue d’Économie politique, 1897, pp. 371 et seq.
[370] Sismondi was a native of Geneva. His family was originally Italian, but took refuge in France in the sixteenth century, and migrated to Geneva after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Here Sismondi was born in 1773. He is even better known for his two great works L’Histoire des Républiques italiennes and L’Histoire des Français than for his economic studies. He was a frequent guest of Mme. de Staël at the Château Coppet, and among the other visitors whom he met there was Robert Owen. He died in 1842.
[371] Nouveaux Principes, vol. ii, p. xxii. Our quotations are taken from the second edition, published in 1827.
[372] Ibid., p. iv.
[373] Two volumes, Paris, 1837 and 1838.
[374] Nouveaux Principes, vol. ii, pp. 50-51. “Adam Smith’s doctrine is also ours, but the practical conclusion which we draw from the doctrine borrowed from him frequently appears to us to be diametrically opposed to his.”