[446] “I find it essential to give to the term ‘labour’ the widest latitude possible. The civil servant, the scientist, the artist, the manufacturer, and the agriculturist are all working as certainly as the labourer who tills the ground or the porter who shoulders his burden.” (Introduction to Travaux scientifiques, Œuvres choisies, vol. i, p. 221.)
[447] The national or industrial party includes the following classes:
1. All who till the land, as well as any who direct their operations.
2. All artisans, manufacturers, and merchants, all carriers by land or by sea, as well as everyone whose labour serves directly or indirectly for the production or the utilisation of commodities; all savants who have consecrated their talents to the study of the positive sciences, all artists and liberal advocates; “the small number of priests who preach a healthy morality; and, finally, all citizens who willingly employ either their talents or their means in freeing producers from the unjust supremacy exercised over them by idle consumers.”
“In the anti-national party figure the nobles who labour for the restoration of the old régime, all priests who make morality consist of blind obedience to the decrees of Pope or clergy, owners of real estates, noblemen who do nothing, judges who exercise arbitrary jurisdiction, as well as soldiers who support them—in a word, everyone who is opposed to the establishment of the system that is most favourable to economy or liberty.” (Le Parti national, in Le Politique, Œuvres, vol. iii, pp. 202-204.)
[448] Syst. indust., Œuvres, vol. vi, p. 17, note.
[449] Syst. indust., Œuvres, vol. vi, pp. 91-92.
[450] Œuvres, vol. iii, pp. 35-36.
[451] On this point see Halévy’s article in the Revue du Mois for December 1907, Les Idées économiques de Saint-Simon, and Allix, article mentioned supra, [p. 117].
[452] In the following passage the opposition is very marked: “One must recognise that nearly all Government measures which have presumed to influence social prosperity have simply proved harmful. Hence people have come to the conclusion that the best way in which a Government can further the well-being of society is by letting it alone. But this method of looking at the question, however just it may seem when we consider it in relation to the present political system, is evidently false when it is adopted as a general principle. The impression will remain, however, until we succeed in establishing another political order.” (L’Organisateur, Œuvres, vol. iv, p. 201.)