[598] The Zollvereinsblatt, which was published by him towards the end of 1843.
[599] National System, p. 230. We do not by any means imply that the Germany of List’s day was in greater need of Protection than the Germany of to-day. Indeed, if we accept Chaptal’s view, we may well deny this, for, writing in 1819, he said that Saxony occupied a place in the front rank of European nations in the matter of industry. Speaking of Prussia, he declared that the industry of Aix-la-Chapelle alone was enough to establish the fame of any nation (De l’Industrie française, vol. i, p. 75). We must also recall the fact that the basis of the present prosperity of Germany was laid under a régime of much greater freedom.
[600] “Neither is it at all necessary that all branches of industry should be protected in the same degree. Only the most important branches require special protection, for the working of which much outlay of capital in building and management, much machinery and therefore much technical knowledge, skill, and experience, and many workmen are required, and whose products belong to the category of the first necessaries of life and consequently are of the greatest importance as regards their total value as well as regards national independence (as, for example, cotton, woollen, and linen manufactures, etc.). If these main branches are suitably protected and developed, all other less important branches of manufacture will rise up around them under a less degree of protection.” (National System, p. 145.)
[601] On Carey see infra, [Book III].
[602] Carey, Principles of Social Science.
[603] Carey, Principles of Social Science.
[604] National System, Book II, chap. 3.
[605] Principles of Political Economy, Book V, chap. 10, § 1.
[606] “Of all the things required for the purposes of man, the one that least bears transportation, and is, yet, of all the most important, is manure. The soil can continue to produce on the condition, only, of restoring to it the elements of which its crop had been composed. That being complied with, the supply of food increases, and men are enabled to come nearer together and combine their efforts—developing their individual faculties, and thus increasing their wealth; and yet this condition of improvement, essential as it is, has been overlooked by all economists.” (Principles of Social Science, vol. i, pp. 273-274.)
[607] Principles of Political Economy, Book V, chap. 10, § 1.