A Manual of Mending and Repairing; With Diagrams - Charles Godfrey Leland

To properly dust Clothes.—The following extract on cleaning garments is taken from my forthcoming work, entitled One Hundred Arts:—

“The obvious way to remove dust from a coat—as some take evil out of children (vide Northcote’s Fables)—is by whipping or beating with a stick. This, indeed, effects the purpose, but it speedily breaks the fibre of the cloth. Therefore in Germany, as in Italy, a little bat plaited of split cane or reeds is employed to exorcise the demon of dust, known as Pāpākeewis to the Chippeways. But better than this is a small whisp-broom. Half a century ago this simple contrivance was only known in the United States and in Poland.

“Whip the garment with the side of the soft whisp, and as the dust rises to the surface brush it away. If the reader will try this on any coat, however clean it may be, he will be astonished to find how much dust he will extract or raise.

“All the dust which thus lies hidden in cloth, when it comes to the surface, acts as grit or powder insensibly but certainly, and helps to wear away the surface whenever it is touched. That we take in dust every time we go out will appear from inspecting a silk hat. Again, the dust on a coat, &c., every time it is rubbed by the cleanest hand, takes in grease, which in time aids in spoiling the surface. In fact, half the wear-out of all cloth is due to dust alone.

“Therefore, if we carefully dust our clothes with a whisp, every time we take them off, fold them with care, and lay them in a drawer, they will last much longer than they do. Pure air free from dust is as conducive to the well-being of coats as to that of their wearers, and Dominie Sampson uttered more truth than he imagined when he observed that the atmosphere of his patron’s dwelling was singularly preservative of broadcloth.”

In proof of this it may be observed, that as a sandblast attacks some substances exclusively, so dust or grit injures certain fabrics and not others, and that the latter are all known as the more lasting fabrics.

INDEX

Accuracy and care required in making cements, [28]
Adding art to arts, [47]
Alabaster, to mend, [249]
Allston, the painter, [123]
Alum as a base, [6]
Amber, repairing and imitating, [156-158];
carving amber, [158]
American cement, [240]
American glaze for postage-stamps, [113], [114]
Andés, Louis Edgar, [207], [252];
varnishes, [4];
on ivory and bone, [144], [155];
on working horn, [149]
Arabic, gum, cement of, with vinegar, [37]
Avoiding excess in cementing, [31]
Badly bound books, [108]
Baer, J., catalogue on glass, [44]
Bark, powdered, combined with glue, [82]
Barley cement, [249], [250]
Bases for beads, &c., [234]
Bayard, Miss Catherine L., [158]
Bell made of a bottle, [49]
Bent leaves in books, or dog’s ears, [89], [90]
Benzoin, gum, or lac virginis, [236], [237]
Binding books, [97-100] (illustrations), [97], [98]
Blood in cements, [6]
Blowpipe, the, [17], [36]
Boats or canoes made from shavings, [52]
Boiling china in milk, [19]
Bone, calcined, [92];
artificial, [251]
Bookbinders’ varnish, [89];
glue, [235]
Books, repairing and restoring, [86-120]
Book-worms, [115-120]
Böttger’s cement for pavements, stone slabs, &c., [29];
acid-proof cement, [247]
Bottles, cracked, how to mend, [26], [37];
to close (a cement), [44];
to cork or seal them firmly, [161];
to seal, [241]
Brass-ware, to look like gold, [234], [235]
Bread cement, [241-243]
Bread in cements, [8]
Brewster, Sir D., [37]
Brickwork tiles, how to repair, [28]
Burnished steel or iron work, [234]
Canes and bows made of shavings, [54]
Caoutchouc, indiarubber, gutta-percha, [2], [4], [126], [127], [159]
Cardboard or pasteboard as hard as wood, how to make, [124], [125]
Carpenters’ cement, [79]
Carton-cuir, [121]
Carton-pierre, or “stone-paper,” to make, [128]
Caseine or cheese in cements, [6], [27], [40], [41], [137], [138]
Castellani, Signore, [48]
Cat-gut, [250]
Cedar, to imitate, [83]
Cellular tissue, cause of hardening in organic substances, [9], [10]
Celluloid, or artificial ivory, its raw materials, manufacture, &c., by Dr. F. Bockmann, [9], [152], [153]
Cellulose, [9];
how discovered and made, [82];
to prepare it with acid, [154]
Cement, or adhesive, definition, [1];
for broken glass or china, [23-49];
for glass, china, leather, &c., [34];
for wood, [76-83];
for horses’ hoofs, [166], [167];
to attach metal, [173], [174]
Ceresa, or mosaic in powder, [29], [138]
Chalk, [2]
Chamois-leather in repairs, [203]
Chemical apparatus, cement for, [244]
Chestnut, horse, paste, [243]
China, broken, porcelain, crockery, majolica, terra-cotta, brick and tile work, [12-32]
Chinese transparent vases, a lost art rediscovered, [47], [48]
Chloride of zinc cement, [241]
Cholula, vase from, [13], [14]
Chrome glue, [26], [34]
Chunam, or Indian shell-lime, [24], [134]
Circles, to draw, [103]
Clamps, or strips of sheet-iron or wire, [67]
Claude and Vandervelde, [216], [217]
Claus’s cement for metal and glass, [182]
Clay and molasses mortar, [246]
Closing wine-bottles, old method, [48], [49]
Cloth-dust on gum in decoration, [236]
Cloth, waterproofed, recipe for, [161];
felt, how to make, [199], [200]
Clothes, to properly dust and keep clean, [252], [253]
Coarse cements for brick, &c., [139]
Cobbling and shoemaking, [187], [188]
Cologne, eau de, [237]
Concrete, [140]
Copal, gum, [157]
Coral, imitation of, [209]
Corks, to improve, [240]
Cracking of seasoned wood in America, [50]
Cracks in furniture, filling, [67]
Crane, Walter, [24]
Crockery, [17], [18]
Crockery or china, mosaic made from broken fragments, [139]
Cups and vases of papier-maché, how to make (illustration), [172]
Davidowsky, F., on glue and gelatine, [4]
Decayed wood, to restore, [63]
Decorator, The, [73]
Defacing books, [90]
Delille, alleged inventor of wiring porcelain, [18]
Deterioration in pictures, causes of, [214], [215]
Dextrine, or Leiokom, [7];
gum, [238]
Diamond cement, [41]. (Vide Turkish)
Dillaye, F., [32]
Dillaye’s cement, [249]
Dirt in old pictures, its nature, [215]
Domes or arched roofs, building, [64]
Drake, Sir W., [47]
Drawers, to put handles to, [62];
shrinking of them, [62], [63]
Dry cleaning, [220]
Dürer, Albert, [151]
Dusting broken china, [31]
Earthenware tubes, how to lute, [27]
Ebonite, [160]
Ebony, repairing or imitating, [66], [67]
Eder’s gum for photographs, [114]
Eggs in cements, [5]
“Egyptian Sketch-Book,” [210]
Elmworm silk, [250]
Embossing leather, [100]
Engraving and etching glass or china, [38]
Erasures in paper, [103]
Essential oils in cleaning pictures, [225]
Etruscan vases repaired, [15]
Excess of cleaning and ignorance as to effects by age, [214]
Fastening broken furniture, [60], [61]
Fictile or ceramic ware, [12]
Field, “Chromatography” [210]
Fillers for wood, [69]
Fire-proof paper, [103]
Floors laid with shavings, [53]
Flour and starch paste, [4], [5]
Flour-paste, to make a strong, [112]
Flowers made from wood-shavings and plaster of Paris, glue, &c., [68]
Fluid paste, [247]
Flour spar cement, [237]
Flux, vitreous or metallic, [17]
Forgeries in antiques, [94], [149]
French glue for wood, [80]
French glues, [248]
Furniture, cheap and bad, [58]
Furniture-making, [72]
Garman, Samuel, [116]
Garments, invisible mending of, [202-205]
Gelatine and vinegar cement for china, [25]
General cements, [244]
Gerner, Raimund, Die Glas Fabrikation, by, [34], [35]
Gesso-painting, [24]
Glass-mending, with allied processes, [33-49];
old proverb on, [33]
Glass-powder, [136];
how to prepare, [27]
Glass, to pulverise, [234]
Glazed or patent leather, how to make, [193]
Glaze-mediums, [228]
Gloves, how cleaned, [238]
Glue, [4];
and lime cement, [41];
for coarse work, [235];
waterproof, [186]
Glycerine, in cements, [6];
with glue, [68]
Gomme laque, or shellac, [249]
Goupil, F., Manual of Mending, [32], [64], [218], [222], [225]
Grease-spots, to remove, [92]
Green, Dr. Samuel A., on book-worms, [115]
Grinding off fractures in glass, [48]
Ground for wax-painting, [228], [229]
Grounds of pictures, [221]
Guards for mending broken fictile wares, [31], [32]
Gum for general use, [243]
Gum-mastic, [16], [22]
Gum (or starch), [2], [3]
Gutta-percha and oil cement for mending soles, [192]
Gutta-percha cement for leather, [189]
Gypsum, [6]
Hard cement for all wood, [80]
Harness, saddle, and bridle repairing, [193]
Hats, blankets, &c., to mend by felting, [199-201]
Heating wood before glueing, [60]
Heigelin, Professor, exhibition of flowers made from shavings, [68]
Hide, raw, [189]
Hildebrand, Wolfgang, on liquid glass, [7], [35], [148]
Hofer, Johannes, [142]
Hofer, Raimund, on indiarubber, [159], [168]
Holding together broken china while mending, &c., [17]
Holes in leather repaired with linen, [161]
Horn, to mould or soften, [148], [251]
Hubbard, Ernst, “The rendering Valuable of Refuse Wood,” by, [69]
Hyatt’s patent ivory, [153]
Hydraulic lime, [8]
Ignorance, general, as to cleaning pictures, [212]
Imitation indiarubber cloth, [167]
Imperfect work, [107], [108]
Indiarubber, applied to soles of shoes, [161];
or vulcanised cement, [162]
Indifferent substances, [6]
Ink-stains, to remove, [90-94], [96]
Inserting pieces in china, &c., [19], [20]
Iron cements to resist heat, [177], [178]
Iron doors of furnaces, how to seal hermetically, [179]
Iron in cements, [6]
Iron strips and bands in repairing, [171]
Iron, to set in stone, [178]
Iron ware, or block cement, [180]
Ironwork, setting a cement for, [176]
Italian peasants’ shoes (illustration), [192]
Ivory, repairing and imitating, [143-155];
cleaning, [143], [144];
imitations, [144];
staining, [147], [148];
softening, [148]
Jewellers’ cement, [43]. (Vide Turkish)
Jewellers’ or Diamond cement, [174]
Jewesses, repair of embroidery by, [202]
Joco-Seriorum Naturæ et Artis,
1670, story from, referring to broken pottery, [20], [21], [35].
Join, to, glass and metal, [43]
Joints in timbers, holes and cracks, how to close, [80]
Junemann, F., Die Fabrikation des Alauns, [6]
Kaleidoscope, folding, how to make a, [37], [38]
Kauri, the gum, [156], [157]
Kelp, [154]
Kettenstich, for German chain-stitch, [204]
Kircher, Athanasius, [92], [95]
Knotting, patent, [72-74]
Koppe, J. W., on glycerine, [6]
Krall, Barkentin &, brass-cleaner, [235]
Kratzer, Harrmann, on liquid glass, [8]
Lacquers, [34]
Layard, Sir Austin, [47]
Lead pencil or crayon drawings, to protect, [233]
Leather, artificial, [196], [198]
Leather, durability of, [188], [189]
Leather-glue, [197]
Leather-Work, Manual of, [111]
Leather-work, repairing, [183-198]
Lehner, [2], [5], [7], [9], [26], [28], [29], [31], [34], [40], [44], [77], [79], [80], [135], [136], [141], [144], [152], [157], [193], [197], [207], [208]
Leland, Charles G., quotation from, [50]
Lemon-juice to whiten the hands, [236]
Lime, [5], [24], [134]
Lime cement for glass, [43]
Liquid acid glue, [59], [60];
recipe for, [81]
Lister, Miss Roma, [203];
MS. of Recipes, [65]
Litharge cements for many uses, [175]
Luther, Martin, [149]
Luting cement, [235]
Luting or closing chemical apparatus, &c., cements for, [30]
Magnesia, calcined, to extract stains, [238]
Majolica, [13], [15], [16]
Malleable glass, [38]
Manuel Général du Modelage, [64]
Marble, fractures, &c., in, [140];
how to clean, [238];
to mend, [249]
Marine glue, hard glue, recipe and description, [162], [163]
Marking-ink, [237]
Marquetry, or inlaid wood, repairing, [71], [72], [83-85]
Mastic, [19], [135], [136];
French mastic, [136]
Materials used in mending, [1-11]
Meerschaum pipes, to mend or make, [240]
Mending cloth with indiarubber, [165-168]
Mending furniture, [74-76]
Mending or repairing defined, [1], [2]
Merrick’s acid-proof cement, [246]
Merritt, Henry, [211], [221]
Metal, to attach leather to, [193]
Metal-work, mending, [169-182]
Metallic corners for books (illustrations), [104-106]
Mica, leaves of, how to prepare them for windows, [47]
Mierzinski, Dr. Stanislaus, on the manufacture of paper, [132]
Minor ingredients in cements, [10]
Mirror with ornaments (illustration), [85]
Mogford, Henry, [213], [218], [219-222]
Mosaics, [134]
Mother-of-pearl and coral, mending, [206-209];
how imitated, [207];
from rice, [208]
Mould or mildew in pictures, [226]
Mouth-glue, or solid cement, [239], [240]
Musical glasses of different kinds, [39]
Musical instruments repaired with shavings, [54], [55]
Neutral substances in cements, [6]
Oil, as a basis, [2];
combination, [3];
softening paint, [219]
Old recipes for mending crockery, [23] et seq.
Olympiodorus, [99]
“One Hundred Arts,” a book by the Author, [38]
Ornamenting panes for windows, and doubling them, [44] [45];
beautiful and varied effects, [46]
Ornamental work made of shavings, [56], [57]
Ox-gall in cleaning pictures, [218]
Oxidised cement, [176]
Page, the American painter, [210]
Pages in books, to repair when torn, [90], [91], [94]
Paget’s French mastic, [136]
Pamphlets, binding, [100]
Panel pictures, repairing, with shavings, [57];
fourteenth century, in distemper, &c., [227]
Panel, warped, how to straighten a, [228]
Panels of artificial wood, [81];
cements for, [82]
Paper and wood-shavings, [52]
Paper, its composition, [86], [87];
repairing damaged paper, [86], [87]
Paper-leather, [129], [130]
Papier-mâché, or softened paper, [106], [121-133];
articles made from, [121];
moulding, [121], [122]
Paracelsus, [35]
Parchment paper, how to prepare, [95], [96]
Parchment, repairing, [122];
artificial, from paper, [122]
Parland, Mr., [128]
Paste of starch or flour, [10]
Paste, leather, the same mixed with indiarubber, [185];
use and preparation, &c., [186]
Paste, bookbinders’, [96];
shoemakers’, [197]
Patches, inserting, [201]
Patterns cut from wood-shavings (engraving), [51-53]
Pavements, to repair different kinds, [28]
Peat, [78]
Philatius, the inventor of book-binding and glue, [99]
Pictures, restoring, [210-230];
glazed and scaling, how to treat, [226]
Plaster of Paris, alum, and glass cement, [141]
Plugging teeth with indiarubber, [166]
Polytechnic cement and imperial liquid glue, also Keye’s cement, [39]
Porcelain, [18]
Potatoes as cement, &c., [9]
Pots, cracks in iron, [180]
Prepare, to, wood for paint, [83]
Process of restoring worn and injured binding of a book, and of a bas-relief in leather, [183-185]
Proper paste, the, for wallpaper, waterproof, [164], [165]
Pulp, paper, [130-133]
Putty, [33], [34], [69]
Raufer, G. M., on meerschaum and amber, [158]
Raw hide, [233]
Recipe, old, for repairing glass, [36], [37];
definition of, [231];
general, [231-253]
Red cement for iron, [237]
Reliefs cut in brick, [29]
Repainting old pictures, [226], [227]
Repairing wood with paper-pulp, [132]
Resin or pitch, [2], [3]
Restoring fragments of engravings, &c., [115]
Rice and lime cement, [145]
Rimmel, bookseller in Oxford Street, [40]
Ringing or sounding glasses by blowing on them, [39]
Ris-Pacquot, M., [18], [29], [147]
Riveting sheet-metal, [169], [170]
Roller, use of the, [54]
Roman and Hungarian pottery, &c., [12]
Roman cement, [24];
for fine mosaics, [138]
Rosewood stain, [74]
Rubbing in colour, [14]
Ruprecht, Karl, on egg substances and albumen, [5]
Ruskin, [221]
Rust, how removed, [234]
Rust or oxide cement, [177]
Salle’s cement for glass, [44]
Satin gloss for paper, [248], [249]
Sawdust (vide also Wood-paste or artificial wood), [80]
Scheibler’s cement, [244]
Schlosser, Edmund, on soldering and metal-work, [182]
Schwartz’s iron cement, [180]
Scissors, cutting glass with, [48]
Scraping varnish, [223]
Screws, to be dipped in oil or boiling wax, [67]
Seams, to repair, [196]
Sedna, Ludwig, on wax, &c., [7]
Sewing or stitching books, [109]
Shoes, easily made, [194], [195];
indiarubber, to repair, [160]
Side-binding, [110]
Silicate of soda, or liquid glass, [7], [20];
with colour, [29], [33], [35]
Silico-enamel, [237], [238]
Silk or woolen cloth, to clean, [232], [233]
Silks, black, gummed, [205]
Silkworm gum, [250]
Silver bands, [20]
Snail cement, [249]
Soaps in cleaning pictures, [224]
Solder, Newton’s and Rose’s, a metallic glass, [181]
Soldering, [171], [172], [180], [181]
Soles, wooden, for shoes, [191]
Sorel’s cement, [244]
South Sea Bubble, [58]
Spirits of wine to remove dry varnish, [219]
Splicing broken rods, spars, &c. (with illustration), [61]
Spraying, to restore crumbling substances by, [146], [147]
Staining or colouring wood, [69], [70]
Stains, grease, wine, oil, to remove, [232]
Stationer’s paste, [247]
Statues, mending, of plaster of Paris, [141]
Steam, to clean pictures by, [223]
Stevens’ and Manders’ wood-stains, [70]
Stills, to lute, [245]
Stohmann, classification of cements, with Lehner’s extension of it, [2], [3]
Stonework, mending, [134-142]
Stopper, glass, filed to shape, [48]
Stoves, cement for, [179], [182]
Strips or braces on panels, &c., [61], [62]
Strong adhesives for paper, &c., [113], [114]
Strong cement, for glass, wood, or stone, [42];
for porcelain, glass, &c., [26], [136]
Strop, leather, how to mend a, [186], [187]
Sturgeon’s bladder or fish-glue gum, &c., [5], [32], [42]
Syndetikon, [243]
Tapestry glue, [245]
Tarred or tarpaulin paper-bags, [163]
Tausendkünstler of 1782, [23]
Tea-leaves, [243]
Terra-cotta, [12], [13], [15]
To preserve the contents of bottles when broken, [167]
To protect wood under water, [79]
Tortoise-shell or horn, cement for, [250]
Toys, mending, [122], [123]
Tragacanth, gum, [8]
Transferring pictures, [225]
Travellers’ glue, [247]
Trees: bark, splits or cavities in, [82];
to protect, [248]
Triangles of tin, &c., used to fasten panes of glass, [35]
Tribune, the New York, [60]
Trunks, mending, [190]
Tufa cement, [235]
Turkish or diamond cement, [19], [41], [42]
Turpentine, a counteracting medium of solvent spirit, [220]
Ulenhuth, Eduard, on moulding, [131]
Vandyke, picture by, [222]
Van Helmont on liquid glass, [7]
Varnish, [3], [34];
to remove, [216-220]
Veneers, [51], [53]
Venetian marquetry, [71]
Venetian glass, [36]
Venus mercernaria, or American clam, [208]
Vermin in wooden dwellings, [246]
Vinci, Leonardo da, [151]
Vinegar, commonly made from sulphuric acid, [60]
Vitreous paint, [40]
Wagner, R., on liquid glass, [7], [8], [35]
Wallberger, Johann, Zauberbuch, [96], [234-236]
Wall-paper of wood, used in America, [69]
Wall-paper paste, [245]
Wall-paper with common paste poisonous, [165]
Walls rendered air-tight (recipe), [164]
Warped or curved wood, and how to flatten it, [61], [62]
Washing broken china for repairing, [31]
Water in cleaning pictures, [216-218]
Waterproof carpets and wall-covering made from waste-paper, [191]
Waterproof cement, [194]
Wax in cements, [7]
White of egg glaze, [223]
Whitewash, to make equal to paint, [79]
Wiegleb, J. C., quotation from, [1], [147]
Windows, stained glass, works on the subject by A. W. Franks, Owen Jones, Westlake, &c., [40]
Wine-stains, to remove, [231], [232]
Wire, for mending china, [19];
in repairing, [170], [171]
Wire-mending, [62]
Wood-ashes in picture-cleaning, [224]
Wood-Carving, a Manual of, by Charles Godfrey Leland, [70]
Wood-paste, or artificial wood, [63] et seq.;
houses can be made of it, [64]
Wood-shavings in mending and making, [50-57]
Woodwork, repairing, [58-85]
Woollen cloth, to clean, [231]
Work, a scientific journal, [129]
Worms in wood, to exterminate, [72]
Wrinkles and freckles, [236]
Zeiodeleth, [246], [247]
Zinc, a cement for, [174], [175]
Zwick, Dr. H., on lime and mortar, [5];
in Hydraulischer Kalk und Portland Cement, [8]