WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

NEW YORK
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
1917

Copyright, 1917
By DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, Inc.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author gratefully acknowledges the critical assistance given to him on certain points by Professor William H. Goodyear, W. Harmon Beers and William Warfield; and his indebtedness to Caroline Caffin for compiling the index and to Irving Heyl for several architectural drawings. For some of the illustrations he has put himself under obligations to the following publications, through the courtesy of the Librarian of the Metropolitan Museum of Art—“Histoire de l’Art,” by Perrot et Chipiez; “Assyrian Sculptures,” by Rev. Archibald Paterson; “Monuments Modernes de la Perse,” by Pascal Coste; “Ruins of the Palace of Diocletian at Spalato” by R. Adams, and “The Annual of the British School at Athens.”

CONTENTS

[Book I]
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTERPAGE
[I][Preliminary Considerations][3]
[II][Primitive Structures][13]
[Book II]
PRE-CLASSIC PERIOD
[I][Egyptian Civilisation][25]
[II][Egyptian Architecture][38]
[III][Chaldæan, Assyrian and Babylonian Civilisation][56]
[IV][Chaldæan, Assyrian and Babylonian Architecture][65]
[V][Persian Civilisation][74]
[VI][Persian Architecture][80]
[VII][Minoan or Ægean Civilisation][88]
[VIII][Minoan or Ægean Architecture][95]
[Book III]
CLASSIC PERIOD
[I][Hellenic Civilisation][105]
[II][Hellenic Architecture][116]
[III][Roman Civilisation][147]
[IV][Roman Architecture][163]
[Book IV]
POST-CLASSIC PERIOD
[I][Early Christian Civilisation][187]
[II][Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture][193]
[III][Muhammedan, also Called Saracenic Civilisation][212]
[IV][Muhammedan Architecture][220]
[V][Early Mediæval Civilisation][232]
[VI][Early Mediæval or Romanesque Architecture][241]
[Book V]
GOTHIC PERIOD
[I][Later Mediæval Civilisation][263]
[II][Gothic Architecture][270]
[III][Gothic Architecture in France][281]
[IV][Gothic Architecture in England and Wales][287]
[V][Gothic Architecture in Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain][301]
[VI][Gothic Architecture in Italy][310]
[Book VI]
THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD
[I][Renaissance Civilisation][319]
[II][Renaissance Architecture in Italy][338]
[III][Renaissance Architecture in Italy—Continued][357]
[IV][Renaissance Architecture in France][375]
[V][Renaissance Architecture in Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain][391]
[VI][Renaissance Architecture in England and American Colonial Architecture][410]
[Book VII]
POST-RENAISSANCE PERIOD
[I][Classical and Gothic Revivals][435]
[II][The Modern Situation][454]
Glossary:[A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[J],[K],[L],[M],[N],[O],[P],[Q],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W],[Z][479]
Index:[A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[J],[K],[L],[M],[N],[O],[P],[Q],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W],[X],[Z][497]

ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING PAGE
[Stonehenge. Salisbury Plain, England][12]
[Section and Plan of Treasury of Atreus][12]
[Teocalli or “House of God,” at Guatusco][12]
[Section of Pyramid][38]
[Modelsof Mastabas][38]
[Types of Egyptian Columns][38]
[Temple-Tomb of Rameses II at Abou-Simbel][38]
[Plan of Ramesseum][38]
[Model of Hypostyle Hall at Karnak][39]
[Peripteral Sanctuary, at Philæ][39]
[Temple of Edfou. Entrance to Hypostyle Hall][39]
[Example of Carved Decoration][39]
[“Sargon’s Castle.” Conjectured Restoration][66]
[Part of “Lion Frieze” and “Frieze of Arches”][66]
[Details of Wall Decoration at Koyunjik][67]
[Tomb of Darius I, Persepolis][80]
[Palace of Darius I, Persepolis. Conjectured Restoration][80]
[Type of Persian Columns][81]
[Hall of One Hundred Columns, Persepolis. Conjectured Restoration][81]
[The Palaces of Persepolis. Conjectured Restoration][81]
[Wall Decoration in Palace of Cnossus][94]
[Lion Gateway at Mycenæ][94]
[Plan of Acropolis of Tiryns][94]
[Part of Staircase in Palace of Cnossus][95]
[Council Chamber, with Gypsum Throne, Palace of Cnossus][95]
[Some Temple Plans—Hellenic][116]
[Hellenic Orders (Columns and Entablatures)][116]
[Roman Orders (Columns and Entablatures)][116]
[Model of the Acropolis][116]
[Model of the Parthenon (restored)][116]
[The Parthenon][117]
[Temples at Pæstum][117]
[Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens][117]
[Temple of Nike Apteros, Athens][117]
[Portico of the Caryatides, Erechtheion][117]
[Detail of Ornament—Hellenic][117]
[Statues in the Round of Persephone and Demeter from the East Pediment of the Parthenon][117]
[Figures in High Relief from Procession of Worshipers. Frieze of the Parthenon][117]
[Plan of House of Pansa, Pompeii][117]
[Plan of Theatre of Dramyssus][117]
[Roman Forum, Conjectured Restoration][162]
[Maison Carrée, Nîmes][162]
[Arch of Constantine][162]
[Pantheon, Rome][162]
[Section of the Pantheon][162]
[Colosseum, Rome][162]
[Section of Colosseum][162]
[Basilica of Constantine][163]
[Roman Vaulting; from Baths of Diocletian][163]
[Gothic Vaulting; from Salisbury Cathedral][163]
[Theatre of Orange, France. Conjectured Restoration][163]
[Plan of Theatre of Orange, France. Conjectured Restoration][163]
[Porta Aurea—Golden Gate—Palace of Diocletian][163]
[Pont-du-Gard, Aqueduct Near Nîmes][163]
[Peristyle and Court of the House of the Vettii][163]
[Wall Paintings in the House of the Vettii][163]
[S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna][192]
[S. Apollinare-in-Classe, Ravenna][192]
[Church of Kalb-Lauzeh, Syria][193]
[Church of Turmanin, Syria][193]
[Tomb of Galla Placidia][202]
[Interior of San Vitale, Ravenna][202]
[Diagram Showing Pendentives][202]
[Section of SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constantinople][202]
[Section of S. Sophia, Constantinople][202]
[Diagram showing how a dome rests on eight piers enclosing an octagon, by niches or squinches][202]
[Exterior of S. Sophia, Constantinople][203]
[Interior of S. Sophia, Constantinople][203]
[Plan of S. Sophia, Constantinople][203]
[Plan of S. Mark’s, Venice][203]
[Exterior of St. Mark’s, Venice][203]
[Mosque of El Azhar, Cairo][220]
[Suleimaniyeh or Mosque of Suleiman][220]
[Arcades of the Mosque, now Cathedral, of Cordova][220]
[Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Spain][220]
[Palace of Ispahan, Persia. Conjectured Restoration of Pavilion of Mirrors and Gardens][221]
[College of Shah Hussein, Restoration; Ispahan, Persia][221]
[Mosque of Akbur, Futtehpore-Sikri, India][221]
[Taj Mahal, Agra, India][221]
[Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistry][240]
[Interior of Pisa Cathedral][240]
[S. Ambrogio, Milan][240]
[S. Michele, Pavia][240]
[The Certosa, or Church of the Carthusian Order, Pavia][240]
[Church of Vézelay, France][240]
[Church of Abbaye-aux-Dames, Caen][240]
[Remains of the Church of Cluny Abbey][240]
[Church of the Apostles, Cologne][241]
[Doorway of Salamanca Cathedral][241]
[Anglo-Saxon Tower, Earl’s Barton, Northamptonshire][241]
[Iffley Church, near Oxford][241]
[S. John’s Chapel, Tower of London][241]
[Nave of Durham Cathedral][241]
[Peterborough Cathedral][241]
[English Romanesque Detail][241]
[Sculptured Details from Amiens Cathedral Doorway][270]
[Skeleton Structure, showing method of vaulting, by means of pointed arch, and concentration of thrusts and counter-thrusts][270]
[Gothic Detail][270]
[Gothic Detail][270]
[Gothic Detail][270]
[Gothic Detail][271]
[Gothic Detail][271]
[Gothic Detail][271]
[Exterior and Interior Views of Lichfield Cathedral Showing the Nave Widening][271]
[Notre Dame, Paris, Plan][280]
[Amiens Cathedral, Plan][280]
[Amiens Cathedral][280]
[Notre Dame, Paris][280]
[Rouen Cathedral][280]
[Rheims Cathedral][280]
[Interior of Notre Dame Cathedral][281]
[Interior of Amiens Cathedral][281]
[Interior of Rheims Cathedral][281]
[Hôtel de Bourgtheroulde, Rouen][281]
[House of Jacques Cœur][281]
[Sainte Chapelle, Paris][281]
[Nave of Norwich Cathedral][286]
[Salisbury Cathedral, Interior][286]
[York Minster, West Façade][286]
[Lincoln Cathedral][286]
[Wells Cathedral, West Façade][287]
[Winchester Cathedral][287]
[Henry VII’s Chapel, Westminster][287]
[Westminster Hall, Timber Roof][287]
[Strasburg Cathedral][300]
[Ratisbon Cathedral][300]
[Town Hall of Munster][300]
[Cathedral of S. Gudule, Brussels][300]
[Cologne Cathedral][300]
[Cloth Hall of Ypres][300]
[Town Hall, Louvain][301]
[Town Hall, Brussels][301]
[Mechlin Cathedral][301]
[Antwerp Cathedral][301]
[Toledo Cathedral][301]
[Burgos Cathedral][301]
[Siena Cathedral, Interior][310]
[San Miniato, Florence; Marble Façade][310]
[Cathedral of Florence and Campanile][310]
[Doge’s Palace, Venice][310]
[Siena Cathedral, Campanile attached][311]
[Orvieto Cathedral, West Façade][311]
[Milan Cathedral][311]
[Milan Cathedral, Interior][311]
[Pazzi Chapel, S. Croce, Florence][338]
[Santa Maria Novella, Florence][338]
[Strozzi Palace, Florence][338]
[Caprarola Palace][338]
[Gvimane Palace, Venice][339]
[Basilica Vicenza][339]
[Doge’s Palace, Venice; Renaissance Portal][339]
[S. Maria della Salute, Venice][339]
[Riccardi Palace, Florence][356]
[Palazzo Vecchio, Florence][356]
[Ca d’Oro, Venice][356]
[Vendramini Palace, Venice][356]
[Farnese Palace, Rome][356]
[Court of the Farnese Palace][356]
[Capitol Palaces, Rome][357]
[Library of S. Mark, Venice][357]
[S. Spirito, Florence][357]
[S. Andrea, Mantua][357]
[S. Peter’s, Rome][357]
[Interior of S. Peter’s, Rome][357]
[Château de Blois. Gothic part built by Louis XII][374]
[Maison François I, Paris][374]
[Château de Blois. Part added by Francis I][374]
[Château de Chambord][374]
[Luxembourg Palace][375]
[Plan showing growth of Louvre][375]
[Pavilion de l’Horloge, Louvre][375]
[Castle of Heidelberg][390]
[Another View of the Heinrichsbau][390]
[Bremen City Hall][390]
[Pellershaus, Nüremburg][390]
[Antwerp City Hall][390]
[Liège, Court of Palais de Justice][390]
[College of Santa Cruz, Valladolid][391]
[Court of the Casa de Zaporta][391]
[Court of the College of Alcala de Henares][391]
[Elevation and Plan of uncompleted Palace Charles V][391]
[The Escoriál][391]
[Plan of The Escoriál][391]
[Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire][410]
[Banqueting Hall, Whitehall][410]
[Haddon Hall, Derbyshire][410]
[Haddon Hall; the Long Gallery][410]
[S. Paul’s Cathedral, London][411]
[S. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, London][411]
[Old Charlton, Kent][411]
[Georgian Chimney piece and overmantel][411]
[Christ Church, Philadelphia][428]
[Home of the Poet Longfellow, Cambridge, Mass.][428]
[Washington’s Home at Mount Vernon][429]
[Another Southern Colonial example, Montgomery, Ala.][429]
[La Madeleine, Paris][436]
[S. George’s Hall, Liverpool][436]
[Panthéon, Paris][436]
[Arc de l’Etoile, Paris][436]
[Opera House, Paris][436]
[State House, Boston][436]
[Capitol at Washington][436]
[City Hall, New York][437]
[St. Thomas, New York][437]
[Houses of Parliament][437]
[Plan of the Houses of Parliament][437]
[Scotland Yard][454]
[Woodburn Hall, New Windsor, N. Y.][454]
[Trinity Church, Boston][454]
[County Buildings, Pittsburg][454]
[The Breakers, Newport, R. I.][454]
[Detail of residence of Mr. Thomas Hastings, Westbury, Long Island][454]
[Schiller Theatre Building, Chicago][455]
[Woolworth Building][455]
[Steel Cage Construction. Scene in lower New York][455]