Note.—Private trade schools for teaching watch-making, some fifteen in number, are united, because no data was secured. Private cooking schools, dress-making schools, barber schools, etc., have within the last five years sprung up in various parts of the country. Some of these are of considerable importance, but most are small, and no effort has been made to secure reports from them.
[131] These schools are supported by both legislative appropriations and private endowments. They are not public schools in the usual sense of the term.
[132] The University of Cincinnati is supported by both public funds and private endowments. It is unique in this, that, although a university in its grade of work, it is essentially a part of the public-school system. The city collects a one-tenth mill tax annually for its benefit; and the university, including its technical and Manual-training course, is free to residents of the city. The necessary expenses, such as laboratory fees, are kept to the lowest possible limit; and every family in the municipality is entitled to educate its children in this thoroughly equipped university, practically without cost.
TECHNOLOGY IN PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF COLLEGIATE GRADE—EXCLUSIVE OF PURELY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES
| Institution | Location | Technical Training Estab- lished | Teachers | Pupils |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States Naval Academy | Annapolis, Md. | 1845 | .. | .. |
| State Agricultural College | Agricultural College, Mich. | 1857 | 14 | 332 |
| Maine State College | Orono, Me. | 1864 | 13 | 191 |
| University of Vermont | Burlington, Vt. | 1865 | 11 | 119 |
| Illinois University | Urbana, Ill. | 1868 | .. | .. |
| University of Minnesota | Minnesota, Minn. | 1869 | 9 | 159 |
| University of Tennessee | Knoxville, Tenn. | 1869 | 6 | 150 |
| University of Iowa | Ames, Iowa. | 1869 | 9 | 284 |
| Kansas State Agricultural College | Manhattan, Kan. | 1873 | 20 | 530 |
| Ohio State University | Columbus, Ohio. | 1873 | 9 | 373 |
| University of California | Berkeley, Cal. | 1874 | 3 | 84 |
| [133]Purdue University | Lafayette, Ind. | 1874 | 10 | 280 |
| Agricultural and Mechanical College | College Station, Tex. | 1876 | 16 | 313 |
| State Agricultural College | Fort Collins, Col. | 1879 | 2 | 137 |
| Agricultural and Mechanical College | Agricultural College, Miss. | 1880 | 3 | .. |
| Agricultural and Mechanical College | Blacksburg, Va. | 1880 | 18 | 190 |
| Mechanical College of State University | Baton Rouge, La. | 1880 | 1 | 56 |
| Storrs Agricultural College | Storrs, Conn. | 1881 | 4 | 145 |
| Agricultural and Mechanical College | Auburn, Ala. | 1885 | 4 | 200 |
| Arkansas Industrial University | Fayetteville, Ark. | 1885 | 7 | 150 |
| Michigan Mining School | Houghton, Mich. | 1886 | 11 | 82 |
| Agricultural College of South Dakota | Brookings, S. D. | 1887 | 11 | 160 |
| Florida Agricultural College | Lake City, Fla. | 1888 | 2 | 62 |
| Oregon State Agricultural College | Corvallis, Ore. | 1888 | 9 | 237 |
| Agricultural College of Utah | Logan, Utah. | 1889 | 7 | 119 |
| New Mexico College of Mechanical Arts | Messilla Park, N. M. | 1890 | .. | .. |
| University of Michigan | Ann Arbor, Mich. | 1890 | 5 | .. |
| Delaware College | Newark, Del. | 1891 | 3 | 23 |
| Agricultural and Mechanical Coll. of Kentucky | Lexington, Ky. | 1891 | 3 | 31 |
| State University | Columbia, Mo. | 1891 | 2 | 145 |
| College of Mining | Rolla, Mo. | 1891 | 7 | 225 |
| University of Nebraska | Lincoln, Neb. | 1891 | 3 | 210 |
| Nevada State University | Reno, Nev. | 1891 | 1 | 106 |
| University of Wyoming | Laramie, Wy. | 1891 | 4 | 60 |
| North Dakota Agricultural College | Fargo, N. D. | 1892 | 2 | 24 |
| West Virginia University | Morgantown, W. Va. | 1892 | 5 | 79 |
| Clemson Agricultural College | Clemson College, S. C. | 1893 | 9 | 635 |
[133] Purdue University is partially supported by endowment, but as it secures regular appropriations, it is here classified as a State University.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN CHARITY SCHOOLS[134]
| Name of School | Location | Industrial Training Estab- lished | Teachers of Industrial Training | Pupils Taking Industrial Training |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baltimore Manual-labor School | Arbutus, Md. | 1841 | 2 | 60 |
| Wilson Industrial School for Girls | New York, N. Y. | 1853 | 3 | 100 |
| Industrial Home School | Washington, D. C. | 1867 | 6 | 60 |
| McDonough School | McDonough, Md. | 1873 | 5 | 140 |
| South End Industrial School | Roxbury, Mass. | 1884 | 21 | 313 |
| Five Points House of Industry | New York, N. Y. | 1885 | 9 | 331 |
| Indiana Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home | Kingstown, Ind. | 1885 | 7 | 80 |
| Skyland Institute | Blowing Rock, N. C. | 1886 | .. | .. |
| Samuel Ready School for Female Orphans | Baltimore, Md. | 1887 | 3 | 60 |
| Chicago Waifs’ Mission and Training School | Chicago, Ill. | 1888 | 3 | 30 |
| Industrial School Association | Brooklyn, N. Y. | 1888 | 8 | 80 |
| Kalamazoo Industrial School | Kalamazoo, Mich. | 1889 | 18 | 224 |
| Industrial School of Rochester | Rochester, N. Y. | 1890 | 5 | 120 |
| Industrial School for Boys | Glenwood, Ill. | 1890 | .. | 400 |
| Jewish Orphan Asylum | Cleveland, Ohio | 1891 | 8 | 157 |
| St. George’s Boys’ Industrial Trade School | New York, N. Y. | 1892 | 6 | 259 |
| Boys’ Club in Carpentry | Lynn, Mass. | 1895 | 1 | 25 |
| Polish Orphans’ Home | Chicago, Ill. | .. | .. | .. |
| Unity Church Manual-training School | Chicago, Ill. | .. | .. | .. |
| Iowa Orphans’ Home | Davenport, Iowa. | .. | .. | .. |
[134] Industrial Training, rather than Manual Training, characterizes the Charity Schools, the central idea being to prepare the child for some occupation by which it can become self-supporting. As will be seen by the table, this idea found very early expression in the Manual-labor School at Arbutus, Maryland. The co-education of mind and hand, because of its equal, or greater, educational value, was not thought of in these charity institutions until recently, and cannot be said to obtain in any of them even now.
PROGRESS OF MANUAL TRAINING BY YEARS, IN CITIES