The following table sets forth the primary distinctions between the spruces and the pines, firs, and hemlocks:
| Names. | Arrangement of Leaves. | Shape of Leaves. | Cones. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pines (Pinus) | In tufts or clusters. | Comparatively long. | (see [TN]) |
| Spruce (Picea) | Single, scattered, point in all directions. | Short, sharp ends, keeled above and below. Somewhat four-sided. | Hang down, 1 to 6 inches long. |
| Fir (Abies) | Single, scattered, appear somewhat as in two ranks. | Short, blunt ends, flat. | Stand erect, 2 to 4 inches long. |
| Hemlock (Tsuga) | Single, scattered, appear as in two ranks. | Short, blunt ends, flat. | Hang down, 3/4 to 1 inch long. |
Black Spruce. Picea nigra Link. Picea mariana Mill.
Nomenclature. (Sudworth.)
Spruce (Vt.), Yew Pine, Spruce Pine (W. Va.).
Double Spruce (Me., Vt., Minn.).
Blue Spruce (Wis.).
White Spruce (W. Va.).
He Balsam (Del., N. C.).