Fig. 128.—Pennon of Henri de Perci, Earl of Northumberland.
Fig. 129.—Pavon, Painted Chamber.
Fig. 130.—Early heaume and helmets with nasals. Painted Chamber.
The Heaume.—During the first thirty years of this period, that is until about 1280, the heaumes continued to be generally of the flat-topped variety not reaching to the shoulders, but having the addition of a movable visor. One, however, shown in [Fig. 131] and dating from c. 1250, differs considerably, and shows a heaume approaching the dimensions and shape of a bascinet, while the visor is adapted for raising or for removal. An earlier example without a visor is one seen in a group from the Painted Chamber in conjunction with helmets having a nasal ([Fig. 130]). In [Fig. 132] we have an example of one of the earliest and plainest of this variety, in which the ventaille could be removed at pleasure from the two projecting studs on the heaume which kept it in place. [Fig. 133] is of the same type, but furnished with a more elaborate visor, and with a crown surmounting it. [Fig. 134] is from the seal of Richard Plantagenet, King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwall, who died in 1272, and [Fig. 135] from that of Robert de Ferrars, Earl of Derby, died c. 1279; in both we trace the tendency to alter the shape of the lower rim. The movable ventaille was not in all cases directly detachable from the heaume, but swung outwards upon a hinge on one side, similar to a wicket gate; as this hinge had a pin running through it which could be withdrawn, the visor was wholly removed if not required.