Arrechedera, Juan de, bishop and governor, [340], [341].
Arribadas, Juez de, [174], [175] note [40], [181].
Asesor, [72], [97] note [46], [132], [154], [166], [167]ff., [209], [209] note [50], [218] note [78], [229] note [18], [283], [285], [317], [342];
de Santa Cruzada, [162].
Asylum, right of, [411], [411] note [5], [426], [427].
Audiencia, integral part of administrative system, [1], [31];
three classes of, powers and duties, [21]–[22];
magistrates of, [21] note [32],
qualifications, [120];
basis of, [83]–[94], [276];
relation to council of the Indies, [92], [104];
purpose, [260], [292];
abuses of, [285], [287] notes [43], [44], [322]–[330];
historical development of powers, [296]–[297];
succession of, [310]–[314];
of South America, [307]–[308].
Audiencia, colonial (Royal), creation, jurisdiction, organization, [10]–[12], [13],
list of, [16]–[17];
early history, [18]–[22];
modeled on audiencias of Granada and Valladolid, [19];
compared to those in Spain, [22]–[31];
magistrates, functions of, [24];
duties of governor as president of, [208]–[211];
office of regent of, [211].
Audiencia of Manila, [17];
territorial jurisdiction, [20];
conditions of establishment, [32]–[47];
opposition to, [47]–[48];
established, [48];
provisions of law of establishment, [49]–[55];
president of, [55];
difficulties, [56]–[70];
arguments for abolishment, [68]–[70];
breakdown of first audiencia, [71];
ad interim government, [71]–[78];
restoration, [78]–[79], [96]–[98];
inauguration of new audiencia, [80]–[82];
appointive power, [199]–[202], [204];
method of appointment to, [202];
oversight of qualifications of appointees, [203].
Ad interim rule, laws on, [312]–[314];
duties and conduct prescribed, [314]–[315];
types of powers, [315]–[316];
history of, [316]–[338];
failure of, [337]–[338], [358]–[359], [361].
Administrative and semi-judicial functions, [160]–[192];
the senior magistrate, [161]–[162];
the asesor of the Santa Cruzada, [162];
the junta ordinaria, [162];
supervision over matters of church finance, [164]–[165];
magistrates deprived of commissions, [169];
administration of estates, [170];
general supervision over financial affairs, [181]–[182];
miscellaneous duties as representative of the King, [183];
responsible for execution of cédulas and decrees, [183]–[184];
census statistics, [185];
sanitary matters, [186];
agriculture and commerce, [186];
expense of inauguration ceremonies of the governor, [187];
inspection, publication and censorship of books, [187]–[191];
keeping of the archives, [191].
Judicial functions, civil and criminal, [84]–[120];
appellate jurisdiction, [84], [101]–[102], [119],
over Indians, [100]–[103],
over religious, [104], [185],
over judges of first instance, [157];
suits involving encomiendas, [108]–[110];
final jurisdiction, [91], [112], [113], [118], [119];
power to pronounce sentence of exile, [212];
advisory power, [213];
development of, in the acuerdo, [214]–[215];
residencia, [121]–[159],
jurisdiction over, [127], [148]–[149], [156]–[159];
court of appeal in, [126], [132]–[134], [147];
judges of, [131], [135], [145], [146];
method of procedure, [129]–[131], [150]–[152].
See also Oidores.
Military functions, judicial, and administrative, [230]–[231];
members of military tribunal designated by governor, [233], [237]–[239];
advisory capacity
(to governor), [239]–[241], [243]–[244],
(to king), [242]–[244];
assumption of government, [244]–[247];
secondary position in government of Chinese, [249]–[251], [253], [254];
jurisdiction in military affairs, [255]–[258], [317]–[319], [320], [328], [331]–[332].
Audiencia of Manila in relation to the Church, [362], [409], [410].
Functions in ecclesiastical affairs: ultimate local authority in enforcing laws of royal patronage, [363]–[364], [370];
right of opposed by church, [368]–[371];
authority shared with vicepatron, [365]–[366], [368]–[370];
two kinds of ecclesiastical powers, executive and judicial, [366];
historical development of, [367].
Executive powers: examination of resolutions of councils, synods, [371],
of papal bulls, briefs, etc., [372];
enforcement of law forbidding laymen to trade with priests, supervision over prelates and provincials, assistance of missionaries, supervision of ecclesiastical visitors, removal of members of religious orders, etc., [372]–[373];
brief summary of laws, [373];
jurisdiction over all classes of churchmen, [373]–[375];
settlement of disputes between rival claimants to positions of authority particularly to position of archbishop, [375]–[377];
intervention in removal of curates, [377]–[378];
removal of regulars for cause, [378]–[379];
disciplinary jurisdiction in crimes of priests or ecclesiastics, [379]–[380];
assistance in internal disorder, [379];
inspection over prelates, [380]–[381];
of ecclesiastical work of parish priests, [381]–[384];
reception and supervision of ecclesiastical visitors from Spain or Mexico, [384];
reports to the court, [385]–[386];
supervision of colleges and universities, [387];
advisory powers in educational affairs, [388]–[390];
jurisdiction over matters of church finance, 391–[401] (see The Church, finances);
supervision over espolios and vacant benefices, [401]–[405];
construction of churches and conservation of ecclesiastical property, [405]–[408];
summary, [408]–[409].
Judicial powers (ecclesiastical jurisdiction);
distinction between, and its acts relative to royal patronage, [410]–[412];
division of authority between civil and ecclesiastical courts, [412]–[413];
power of intervention in ecclesiastical matters, [414]–[415];
duty to guard prerogatives of civil magistrates, [415];
limitations of ecclesiastical courts, [415];
gradual growth of authority in ecclesiastical affairs, [416]–[417];
high court of appeal in suits to which religious orders were parties, [418]–[420];
jurisdiction over secular church courts (metropolitan tribunal of archbishop), [420];
recurso de fuerza, [420]–[423], [424], [426], [429];
interdict (excommunication), [422]–[428] (see also the Inquisition);
court of final resort in testing land titles, [440]–[441];
jurisdiction over ecclesiastical visitations, [441]–[442];
conduct influenced by local conditions, [442]–[443];
summary, [443]–[444].
Audiencia of Manila in relation to the governor, [84]–[85], [95]–[96], [102], [108]–[109], [122], [147], [214];
conflicts with, [131]–[132], [140]–[145], [263]–[273], [285]–[298];
summary of relations, [299]–[303].
See also Acuerdo Conflicts;
Governor;
Residencia, etc., etc.
Auditor de guerra, [16] note [20], [24], [118], [233], [233] note [14], [238]ff.