[56] Recopilación, 5–2–3; 2–15–81, 83.
[57] This decision conforms with the Recopilación, 5–2–3, 4, and 2–15–68; 117. These laws give to the audiencia and the governor jurisdiction over excesses of the provincial judges and executives, and over cases appealed from them. Ibid., 2–16–44 gave jurisdiction to the viceroy over criminal charges against oidores and alcaldes.
[58] Council of the Indies to Audiencia, December 16, 1687, A. I., 105–2–1. The facility with which witnesses may be procured is from one point of view a great aid to the administration of justice in the Philippines today. See Elliott, The Philippines to the end of the military règime, 246–8.
[59] Royal decree on Usurpation of Indian Lands, November 7, 1751, Blair and Robertson, LXVII, 27–34. See Cunningham, “Origin of the friar lands question in the Philippines” in Political science review. X, 465 480.
[60] Fuero mixto, in this case a fuero or concession to the ecclesiastical government of jurisdiction over secular matters. See note 53, Chapter XI, of this volume.
[61] Audiencia to the King, September 27, 1617, A. I., 67–6–20. Three of these friars were hanged at once, and one, Juan Ocádiz, escaped to New Spain. He was said to be the illegitimate son of Doña Ana of Austria (see Blair and Robertson, XVIII, 82–88).
[62] Recopilación, 2–15–134 to 153; 2–16–15; 2–18–29, 30; 1–4–3, 20; 1–6–26, 39, 57; 1–7–18, 29 to 31; 2–15–146, 147, 149. See note 3, Chapter XI, of this volume.
[63] Recopilación, 2–15–129.
[64] This case and the others dealt with in this section involving encomiendas are to be found in the Inventario de los pleytos en la real audiencia de Manila que se hallen en el rl. y supremo consejo de las Indias y remiten al rl. archivo en Sevilla según rl. orden de Julio de 1787. The key to the above exists in the Inventario de autos de la Essma. la Cámara de Indias, IV, 453, A. I.
[65] Recopilación, 6–2–1. This prohibition was first imposed by Charles V on the above date and subsequently by Philip II and Philip III (see laws 1 to 14, same title).