[72] King to the Fiscal, September 29, 1788, A. I., 105–2–10.
[73] King to the Audiencia, October 6, 1806, A. I., 105–2–18.
[74] Recopilación, 2–18–27.
[75] Ibid., 5–15, note 4.
[76] Ibid., 5–15–27 to 49.
[77] Ibid., 8–1–28; 5–15–35. Heavy penalties were prescribed for those who offered insecure financial guarantees (ibid., 5–15–33 to 36).
[78] Ibid., 34.
[79] Ibid., 39, 40.
[80] Expediente de Don Frco. Fernández Zéndera, alcalde mayor y capitán de guerra de la provincia de Ilocos. ... su residencia pendiente de informe de la audiencia, 1794, A. I., 106–5–4 and 5. The papers relating to this trial easily aggregate 4000 pages.
[81] It was said that he had shown favoritism in his dealings with some of the barangay (district) chiefs, allowing them unbridled license in the collection of tribute and in the enforcement of compulsory labor, most of which they utilized for their own, or for his, benefit. One chief was said to have gone so far as to forcibly take carabaos from the natives when the latter were working them in the fields. Zéndera had, of course, extended favors to these barangay chiefs in exchange for reciprocal advantages. (The alcaldes mayores ruled the native population through these chiefs at this time. Later they utilized the gobernadorcillos, who were native or mestizo governors of the small towns.—See Malcolm, The government of the Philippine Islands, 64–72.)