[8] Recopilación, 2–16–34.
[9] Ibid., 2–15–169.
[10] Ibid., 2–31–1 to 3.
[11] Ibid., 8–19 (general subject of medias anatas). Holders of ecclesiastical benefices were subsequently obliged to pay the media anata, although they were especially exempted by the cédula of June 2, 1632. The media anata (civil and ecclesiastical) was paid until December 28, 1846, when this tax, together with the lanza (a tax formerly paid by the nobility, but subsequently required of all classes in lieu of military service) was abolished (Martínez Alcubilla, Diccionario, I, 407).
[12] Ibid., 8–19–1 and 2.
[13] The cédula of July 3, 1664, reorganized the system of medias anatas, authorizing their division into two separate allotments, one payable at the court on the appointment of the official concerned, and the second within or at the end of eighteen months after his appointment, at the capital of the district wherein he served. Guarantees had to be given that the second payment would be made when due, and interest was charged at the rate of eight per cent a year on the amount remaining to be paid (ibid., 4).
[14] Cédula of December 14, 1776, A. I., 105–2–16.
[15] The extensive use of the betel-nut by the natives of the Philippines encouraged the Spanish government to monopolize its production and sale, and a considerable revenue was derived from it. In 1786 the profit from the sale of betel was 16,770 pesos (Report of Intendant, January 8, 1788, A. I., 107–5–15), and the next year the sum collected was 15,207 pesos (Report of Intendant, June 21, 1789, 107–5–18). Other monopolies during the same period yielded as follows: Tobacco, 258,743 pesos; wine, 73,636 pesos; cockpits, 8,375 pesos; tributes, 174,494 pesos (Report of Intendant, June 21, 1789).
[16] Juez conservador (civil), a judge named por privilegio del rey, with private jurisdiction over the civil affairs of some community or guild, for the protection of its interests and estates or the collection of its rents (Escriche, Diccionario, II, 260).
[17] Recopilación, 3–3–35.