WINTER-BUDS.—Terminal bud 1/4 inch long, ovoid to conical, obtuse, strongly angled, hoary-tomentose.
BARK.—Twigs at first scurfy-pubescent, later glabrous, red-brown, finally mottled gray; thick and nearly black on old trunks, deeply furrowed and scaly; inner bark thick, yellow, very bitter.
WOOD.—Heavy, hard, strong, coarse-grained, bright red-brown, with thin, paler sapwood.
DISTRIBUTION.—Southern half of the Lower Peninsula.
HABITAT.—Prefers glacial drift; dry or gravelly uplands; poor soils.
NOTES.—Rapid of growth. Undesirable for street use.
Black Jack