Rugose. Wrinkled.

Samara. An indehiscent winged fruit.

Sapwood. The living outer portion of a trunk or large branch of a tree between the heartwood and the bark.

Scales. Small modified leaves, usually thin and scarious, seen in buds and cones; the flakes into which the outer bark often divides.

Scaly. Provided with scales.

Scarious. Thin, dry, membranaceous; not green.

Scurfy. Covered with small bran-like scales.

Seed. The ripened ovule.

Sepal. One of the divisions of a calyx. Page [xiii.]

Serrate. Toothed, the teeth sharp and pointing forward. Page [xiii.]