So far the printed accounts of the Conference are the work of journalists, who from the nature of the proceedings cannot be fully informed. The most direct information was perhaps possessed by Ray Stannard Baker, chief of the American service of publicity, but his volume, What Wilson did at Paris (New York, 1919), is ex parte and very brief. E. J. Dillon, The Inside History of the Peace Conference (New York, 1920), is a diffuse composite of hearsay and newspaper clippings; it is anti-French but in general friendly to small nations. H. Wilson Harris, The Peace in the Making (New York, 1920), is an intelligent account by a fair-minded British Liberal. Sisley Huddleston, Peace-Making at Paris (London, 1919), is more impressionistic. J. M. Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London and New York, 1919), is the brilliant but untrustworthy work of a British financial expert who finally repented of the treaty. Influenced by German propaganda, it is in general anti-French, anti-Belgian, and anti-Polish, and disparages political self-determination in favor of economic frontiers. Of the various critiques which the book has called out, the most searching is that of David Hunter Miller, in the New York Evening Post, February 6 and 10, 1920, and in separate pamphlets.
A volume on the Conference, with an elaborate atlas, is announced by an American territorial expert, Isaiah Bowman; a fuller work is in preparation by British and American experts under the editorship of Harold W. V. Temperley, of Peterhouse, Cambridge.
Of the material collected in France for the Conference, the only systematic publication is the Travaux du Comité d’Etudes, in two volumes with an atlas (Paris, 1919). Most of the British material was printed but not published, a useful exception being C. K. Webster, The Congress of Vienna (Oxford, 1918). The Foreign Office series of Handbooks has now been made public (London, 1920). The most important American publication of the sort is the Atlas of Mineral Resources to be issued by the United States Geological Survey (Washington, 1920).
There is no entirely satisfactory discussion of the general problem of frontiers. T. L. Holdich, Political Frontiers and Boundary Making (London, 1916), is concerned chiefly with ‘natural’ frontiers outside of Europe. For the facts of race, see W. Z. Ripley, The Races of Europe (New York, 1899). Leon Dominian, Frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe (New York, 1917), is convenient. A more authoritative work on the linguistic side is A. Meillet, Les langues dans l’Europe nouvelle (Paris, 1918). Experience with plebiscites is brought together in Miss Sarah Wambaugh’s elaborate Monograph on Plebiscites (New York, 1920). A. Toynbee, Nationality and the War (London, 1915), is an attempt to state the territorial problems in the early months of the war; L. Stoddard and G. Frank, Stakes of the War (New York, 1918), seeks to sum them up at its close. The relation of certain of these problems to a league of nations is discussed in The League of Nations, edited by Stephen P. Duggan, with references (Boston, 1919); and by Lord Eustace Percy, The Responsibilities of Peace (London and New York, 1920).
FOOTNOTES:
[2] Webster, The Congress of Vienna, p. 93.
[3] Was von der Entente übrig bliebe wenn sie Ernst machte mit dem “Selbstbestimmungsrecht” (Berlin, D. Reimer).
[4] Atlantic Monthly, xc, pp. 728, 731 (1902).
[5] Keynes, Economic Consequences of the Peace, p. 265.