Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair”
and you will see what I mean.
Ideals of human wholes like the community, the nation, the Commonwealth of Man, merge indistinguishably into the conception of a greater life, the object of faith and hope, continuous in some way with ours, but immeasurably transcending it. The human mind must ever conceive some kind of a life of God or “kingdom of heaven” answering to its need of a satisfying universe. And this conception is of the same essence and spirit as that of social wholes, which partake of this continuity, make a like appeal to faith and hope, and a like demand for devotion and sacrifice. If we put aside formal doctrine it seems clear that the kind of religion the modern world appears to be embracing, one which feels what is upward and onward in human life as our part in the life of God, is a kind of higher patriotism, hardly separable from our nobler ideals of our country. And patriotism, as it becomes exalted in times of trial, takes on a religious spirit.
It seems likely that social and religious worship, if I may use that term for both, will draw together again and abandon that somewhat artificial separation which political exigencies have brought about. I do not mean that ancient institutions now associated with them will lose their separate identity, so that we shall have a state church or an ecclesiastical state; forms of organization persist; but it would not be surprising if a growing unity of spirit and principle should bring the two into practical co-operation.
In the public schools the children learn group forms of play, in which they are accustomed to strive for a whole, and to put its success above their private aims; and they come to feel also that their personality is inseparable from the life of the community of which the school is a part. The spirit of mutual aid and public service should pass easily from the playground to the city, the state, and the nation. Along with this we look for a rise of communal art, in the form of music, plays, pageants, and municipal decoration, which shall enlist the feelings and hallow the larger life with cherished associations. To this we may add whatever ritual of patriotism shall be found expressive of the national spirit, a spirit animated, we hope, by membership in an international federation. And it is only a continuation of this enlarging membership and service to go on, by the aid of symbols and worship, from these visible social wholes to the invisible wholes, also social, of religious faith, to the Great Life in which our life is merged.
On the other side we see the church and the institutions connected with it reaching out toward social ideals and functions, recognizing that the salvation of the individual, possible only through that of society, calls for co-operation and service, without which worship is partial and unreal.
Indeed this spirit, whether we call it religious or social, is by no means confined to the visible institutions of the state or the church. It belongs to the spirit of the time, and may be felt in the several branches of learning, in philanthropy, in socialism, in the labor movement, and in the world of industry and trade. The conditions of life favor it, and in spite of all setbacks we may expect it to have an irresistible growth.
INDEX
- Actors, fame of, [119]
- Adaptation, mutual, [9], [202];
- intelligent, [351] ff.
- See also Tentative Process and Selection
- Addams, Jane, [182], [193]
- Address, a factor in success, [96]
- Advertising, [291]
- Agreement not essential to public opinion, [378] ff.
- Alma mater, all should have one, [73] ff.
- Anderson, B. M., Jr., [291], [298]
- Architecture, [15], [49]
- Art, [15], [16], [23], [49], [288], [291];
- Art spirit, in motivation, [142], [321];
- rise of, [345]
- Art-work, as culture, [68], [71]
- Artists, fame of, [119]
- Athletics, [130], [146]
- Austria-Hungary, [279]
- Babies, natural selection among, [229]
- Bacon, Francis, [114]
- Bacon, Roger, [116]
- Bagehot, W., [370]
- Beethoven, [412]
- Belgium, [262], [271]
- Beliefs, in relation to degeneration, [186] f.
- Bible, [10], [360]
- Biological process, [197]–208
- Biologists, particularism of, [205] ff., [226] f.
- Biology, as study of process, [396]
- Birth-control, [212] f., [237]
- Bismarck, [264]
- Blackmar and Gillin, [44]
- Bohemians, [271]
- Boy Scouts, [149]
- Boyle, [115]
- Bristol, Lucius M., [37], [44]
- Browne, Sir T., [108], [123], [174]
- Bryce, James, [402]
- Bücher, Karl, [273]
- Burke, [70], [383]
- Burroughs, J., [123]
- Cancellation of impracticable ideas, [374]
- Caste, [57].
- See also Classes
- Cathedrals, building of, [416]
- Causation, in social process, [43] ff.;
- in degeneration, [161] ff.
- Centralization, under the influence of war, [245] f.
- Change, social, as a source of degeneracy, [180] ff.
- Character, is what “works,” [14];
- judged by little things, [100]
- Charity, in relation to survival of types, [226] ff.
- Children, in relation to opportunity, [57] ff.;
- discipline of, [148] ff.
- China, [190]
- Chinese, [279]
- Christianity, [31], [35], [110], [177], [189] f., [222]
- Church, mediæval, [24], [25], [109], [113], [132], [139], [187], [286], [288], [291], [301], [339], [367], [390], [421].
- See also Religion
- Cities, badly governed, [205]
- City, as an impersonal organism, [24]
- Civil War, American, [40], [42], [197], [258], [266]
- Civilization, modern, why it does not enervate, [126] f.;
- and race exhaustion, [220] f.
- Clan system, disintegration of, [188]
- Class-conflict, [268] ff.
- Class-consciousness, [274]
- Classes, social, in relation to opportunity, [78]–87;
- Climate, as a social institution, [46]
- Collier, John, [419]
- Commercialism, [23], [192] f., [298], [304], [316], [325], [339], [391], [418]
- Communication, [198], [248], [255], [269], [361] f.
- Community culture, [74]
- Community spirit, in education, [62];
- Competition, [40] f., [55] ff., [83] ff., [125] ff., [294], [384], [385] f.
- Competitive spirit, [125]–136
- Composure, a factor in success, [94]
- Conflict, [15];
- Conformity, [109]
- Consciousness, in social process, [5], [6], [8], [10], [14], [15], [16], [20] ff.;
- national, [257].
- See also Intelligence
- Conservatism, [383]
- Constructive method of reform, [177] f.
- Control, rational, [41] f., [65], [317] ff., [382]–394;
- in relation to progress, [405] f.
- Control, social, of propagation and the survival of types, [205], [209]–317, [226]–238;
- Co-operation, in relation to conflict, [35]–42.
- See also Community spirit and Team-work
- Courage, [91] ff., [95]
- Crime, [203] f., [207]
- Crisis, commercial, [25], [32]
- Criticism, [392] f.
- Crusades, [253]
- Culture, [67]–77, [369]
- Custom, in valuation, [294]
- Cycles, social, [30]–34;
- business, [32] ff.
- Czechs, [276]
- Dante, [123]
- Darwin, [20], [29], [95], [115], [206], [353], [373], [395] f., [400], [407]
- Darwinism, and war, [241], [373]
- Degenerate Process, Some Factors in, [180]–194
- Degeneration, social, [25] f.;
- Delinquency, juvenile, [155], [159]
- Democracy, [17], [118];
- Democratic spirit, [62], [73]
- Depravity of human nature, [176]
- Determinism, [44], [47] f., [401]
- Devine, E. T., [234]
- Discipline, [132] ff., [144]–149, [183];
- of women, [346] f.
- Discussion, [357], [361], [363], [367], [371], [378] ff.
- Displacement, a cause of degeneracy, [180] ff.
- Dissipation, and fecundity, [231]
- Distribution, theory of, [302]
- Doggedness, [92]
- Drama, the, an interpretation of social process, [359] ff.;
- community, [419]
- Dramatic, the, in relation to fame, [114], [121]
- Dramatic character, of intelligence, [358] ff.;
- Dugdale, Richard, [205], [224]
- Dürkheim, E., [400]
- Economic determinism, [44], [47] f.
- Economic discipline, [147]
- Economic factors in biological survival, [218]–238
- Economic internationalism, [266]
- Economic man, [135], [356]
- Economic motives, [128] ff.
- Economists, their narrow view of motivation, [135] f.
- See also Political Economy
- Education, and opportunity, [61] ff.;
- Ellis, Havelock, [229]
- Ellwood, C. A., [44]
- Elmira Reformatory, [185]
- Emerson, [22], [50], [94], [100], [113], [117]
- Emulation in service, [128] ff., [137]–143
- England, [33], [45], [245], [246], [264];
- poverty in, [233]
- English, the, [274]
- Environment, economic, [46] f., [101], [107];
- Equality, of opportunity, [61] ff., [82] ff., [86];
- Esprit de corps. See Team-work, Community Spirit
- Eugenic ideals, [212] f.
- Eugenics, [166], [206], [216], [219] ff., [232], [317], [347], [385]
- Europe, modern unity of, [264];
- caste in, [273]
- Evolution, doctrine of, its social growth, [13], [19].
- See also Tentative Process, Selection, Survival, Progress, Darwinism
- Experiment, [8] ff., [30], [55] ff.
- Faith, [93], [94], [107], [408]
- Fame, [112]–124
- Family, social continuity of, [7];
- Fashion, [12], [31] f., [299], [346]
- Fear, a poor motive, [132] f., [135]
- Feeble-minded, report on, [167]
- Finns, [276]
- Folkways, [244]
- Foods, valuation of, [293]
- Force, international, [267]
- Ford, Henry, [133]
- Formalism, in education, [62] f., [145], [168], [386] ff.
- France, [33], [237], [258], [344], [415]
- Free speech, [365] ff.
- Freedom, organic, [28] f.;
- Funerals, valuation of, [294]
- Galton, [203];
- Gangs, [176], [178]
- Garibaldi, [114], [261]
- Genius, [17], [104] f., [203], [220], [229], [339], [387]
- Germans, [144], [276], [277], [366]
- Germany, [148], [241], [245], [246], [258], [263], [264], [265], [274], [418]
- Gibbon, [114]
- Gillin, J. L., [44]
- God, [5], [14], [43], [93], [94], [107], [108], [134], [140], [253], [262], [365], [373], [418], [420]
- Goethe, [36], [69], [70], [117], [264], [389], [392], [402], [406]
- Golf-clubs, valuation of, [337]
- Grant, General, [197]
- Great epochs, [121]
- “Greatest good of the greatest number,” [417]
- Group play, [421]
- Groups, social, process of, [7], [9], [11];
- Growth, adaptive, [3] ff.;
- Guizot, [126]
- Hamerton, P. G., [373]
- Handicaps to success, [96] f., [172]
- Hardy, Thomas, [411]
- Hawaiian Islands, [190]
- Hayes, E. C., [44]
- Hegel, [418]
- Hereditary degeneracy, [156]
- Heredity and environment, [154] f., [197] ff.
- History, does it repeat itself?, [34]
- Hobhouse, L. T., [352]
- Honor, national, [262] ff.;
- Horace, [121]
- Human nature, motivation of, [125]–143 passim;
- Human-nature values, [285] ff., [295], [300], [342]
- Humanism, modern, [249]
- Idealism, social, and art, [410] ff.
- Ideals, the basis of discipline, [147] f.;
- Ideas, their social process, [3] ff., [12] ff., [16], [19];
- Illusion of centrality, [50]
- Imagination, social, [90], [94], [158]
- Imitation, [51]
- Immigrants, [204] ff., [232], [234], [412]
- Immigration, of alien races, [277] ff., [370] f.
- Impersonal forms of life, [4] f., [6], [12] ff., [22] ff., [251]
- Income, of classes, [303]
- India, [190]
- Individual, as a factor in valuation, [289], [299] ff., [322] f.
- See also Persons
- Individualism, [29], [189], [190], [246], [418]
- Individuality, in education, [61] ff.;
- Industrial revolution, [45] f.
- Infancy, prolongation of, [59]
- Inheritance, right of, [335] f.
- Initiative, [91] ff., [95];
- Insanity, [161] f.
- Instinct, [198] f.
- Institutional values, [285] ff., [295], [333] ff., [342]
- Institutions, essential to intelligence, [355]
- Intelligence, [8], [9], [58] ff.;
- Internationalism, [255] ff.
- Invention, [17]
- Inventions, valuation of, [338] f.
- Inventors, not remembered, [115], [119]
- Investment, and class-conflict, [271]
- Isolation, moral, [181], [242], [246];
- social value of, [368] ff.
- Italy, [415]
- James, William, [286], [331]
- Japan, [190]
- Japanese, [274], [277] f.
- Jesus, [35];
- Jews, [7], [33], [99], [121], [183]
- Johnson, A. S., [344]
- Johnson, Doctor Samuel, [115]
- Kafirs, [188]
- Keller, A. G., [47], [375]
- Kidd, Dudley, [188]
- King, W. I., [218], [303]
- Kingsley, Miss, [189]
- Labor, [37], [60], [65];
- Language, as impersonal organism, [4], [6], [8], [14], [23], [284], [383];
- Lanier, Sidney, [377]
- Law and culture, [70]
- Leadership, fame as, [112], [365]
- Leisure and art, [414]
- Librarians, motives of, [131]
- Liebknecht, [381]
- Lincoln, [93], [113], [116], [128]
- Literary class, influence of upon fame, [117] ff.
- Literature, as culture, [68] f.;
- Logan, James, [133]
- Lowell’s Ode, [419] f.
- Luther, [10], [22]
- Macaulay, [114]
- Machiavelli, [105]
- Maladjustment, [180] ff.
- Malthus, [13], [237]
- Marcus Aurelius, [366]
- Market, as an institution, [296] ff., [309] ff.
- Marriage, selection in, [214] ff., [223];
- statistics of, [400]
- Mastery, requisite for culture, [72]
- Maternal instinct, [213]
- Mendel, [116]
- Meredith, George, [383]
- Method, tentative, [3] ff., [30];
- Metternich, [255]
- Middle Ages, values in, [289], [367]
- Might and Right, [109] ff., [242]
- Militarism, as impersonal organism, [5], [47], [111], [148], [242], [246], [258]
- Military training, compulsory, [145] f., [149]
- Millet (the painter), [411]
- Milton, [174]
- Minimum standards, [385] f.
- Minorities, [380] f.
- Misery, distinguished from poverty, [234];
- and survival, [237]
- Missionaries, [187] ff., [190]
- Mitchell, Wesley C., [32]
- Monastic system, [203]
- Montaigne, [102], [122]
- Monte Carlo, [32]
- Montesquieu, [344]
- Moral unity of nations, [242] f., [260], [262]
- Morality, and success, [99]–111, [203] f., [242], [358], [406]
- Mores, [23];
- Motion-pictures, [415]
- Motiv, of social forms, [12]
- Motivation, [125]–143;
- Myth, [4], [6];
- Nansen, [189]
- Napoleon I, [103], [116], [261], [264], [353]
- Napoleon III, [259]
- Nationality, principle of, [256] ff.
- Nations, organization of by conflict, [38], [40], [245];
- Negroes, [188] f., [232], [275], [276], [278]
- Nomenclature, of inheritance, [207] f.
- Non-conformity, [106] ff., [300], [338], [367], [373], [380] f.
- Novicow, J., [37]
- Nucleation, of groups and persons in modern life, [252]
- Opportunity, [11], [55]–66, [78]–87, [125], [181], [220], [221], [237] f., [250], [307] f.
- Organic view, as opposed to particularism, [43]–51;
- of degeneration, [153] ff.
- Organism, impersonal, [4] ff.;
- Organization, social, unconscious, [16], [20] ff.;
- Organizing capacity, [259]
- Originality, [390]
- Overlapping, of social forms, [6], [27] f.
- Ox, diverse values of, [289] f.
- Painting, schools of, [23]
- Palissy, [115]
- Panama Canal, [143]
- Paris, [12], [32]
- Parmelee, Maurice, [44]
- Particularism, intellectual, [43]–51;
- Patriotism, and discipline, [145];
- Peace. See Control, Social
- Pecuniary motive, [129] f., [143]
- Personality, in relation to groups, [7], [8];
- Persons, general relation of to social process, [3], [6], [8], [10] f., [16], [19], [20], [21] f., [27], [55] ff., [67] ff., [112], [154] ff.
- Physical factors, [44], [46] f., [51]
- Plato, [50], [99], [102], [124]
- Play, organized, [146], [148]
- Poles, [271], [276]
- Political economy, [297] ff., [397], [403]
- Pons asinorum of sociology, [207]
- Poverty, [48];
- Pragmatism, [8]
- Primary ideals, [249]
- Primary or intimate groups, [62], [73] ff., [137], [148] ff., [421]
- Privilege. See Classes
- Professional spirit, [131] f., [138], [140]
- Progress, [35], [41];
- Progress-values, [341] ff.
- Propagation, impulse to, [211] ff.;
- and poverty, [226] ff.
- Prostitution, [184]
- Psalms, on success and morality, [99]
- Psychological tests, [64], [235], [389]
- Public opinion, [270], [378]–381
- Punishment, [132], [160]
- Race, [202];
- Race exhaustion, [220] f.
- Race suicide, [211] ff., [218] f.
- Races, contact of backward and civilized, [187] ff.;
- loosed by communication, [247]
- Radicalism, value of, [368], [374]
- Reform, organic, [157] f.
- Religion, [5], [14], [75];
- Rembrandt, [116]
- Responsibility, organic view of, [158] f.
- Revolution, industrial, [45] f.;
- Rhythm, in social process, [32] f.
- Richelieu, [94]
- Roman Empire, [126]
- Ross, E. A., [209]
- Rousseau, [373]
- Rural culture, [74] f.
- Rural degeneracy, [192]
- Ruskin, [15], [324]
- Russia, [271]
- Ruysdael, [410]
- Saint Louis (the King), [103]
- Sainte-Beuve, [118], [392]
- Savage peoples, demoralization of, [187], [209]
- Scott, Sir W., [114], [118]
- Seager, Henry R., [78], [308]
- Seasonal workers, [185]
- Security, sense of, in motivation, [139] ff.
- Selection, in social process, [8] ff., [55] ff., [112], [117], [155], [181], [201] f.;
- Self-consciousness, merged in the group, [137]
- Self-development and success, [88] f., [100]
- Self-expression, as motive, [321] ff., [410], [416] f.
- Self-possession, an American trait, [144]
- Self-reliance, [90], [93], [95], [107], [113], [182]
- Self-respect, loss of, [173]
- Self-seeking, lower and higher, [128]
- Sensualism, [176]
- Sentiment, organization of, [25];
- a factor in discussion, [357]
- Service, social, a condition of success, [88] f., [100];
- Sexes, conflict of, [36]; choice of, [214] ff., [361]
- Sexual impulses, [175], [177], [211] f.
- Sexual vice, [191] f., [269]
- Shakespeare, [99], [114]
- Small, Albion W., [28]
- Sociability, may lead to degeneration, [176], [194]
- Social science, [43], [389], [395]–404 (see the synopsis on p. [395]), [405]
- Social work, as a profession, [340], [359]
- Socialism, [44], [367], [368]
- Society, in what sense organic, [26] ff.
- Sociologist, qualifications of, [28], [401]
- Sociology, scientific character of, [395]–404.
- See also Social science, Statistical method
- Socius, in relation to culture, [67];
- nation as, [261]
- Soldiers, motives of, [130], [140]
- Solidarity, modern, [246] ff.;
- of classes, [271] ff.
- “Soul” of impersonal organisms, [14]
- Spain, [33]
- Specialist, not a particularist, [49]
- Speculation, business, [32]
- Spencer, Anna Garlin, [65]
- Spencer, Herbert, [31]
- Spencer and Gillen, [188]
- Stagnation, [189] ff.
- Standards, group, [102] ff.;
- Stanley, H. M., [36], [92]
- State, idealization of, [147] f., [417] ff.
- Statistical method, [32], [165], [166] ff., [386] ff., [398] ff.
- Sterilization, [235]
- Stock-market, [359]
- Strain, mental, [181], [184]
- Struggle for existence, [233] ff.;
- among nations, [241] ff.
- Success, theory of, [88]–98;
- Suicide, statistical study of, [399] f.
- Sumner, W. G., [23], [47], [188]
- Superficiality in education, [72]
- Survey, social, [168]
- Survival, of the fittest, [8];
- Symbolism, in fame, [116] ff., [139], [187]
- Sympathy, of concussion, [39];
- Tarde, [372]
- Taxation, as a means of reform, [85]
- Teachability, due to heredity, [200]
- Teachers, [63], [131];
- motivation of, [141]
- Team-work, [37], [129], [146], [157], [244], [264], [265], [388], [416].
- See also Community spirit
- Temptation, is it beneficial?, [174] f.
- Tentative process, [3]–18, [19] ff., [30], [36], [55] ff., [353], [355], [408].
- See also Selection, Survival
- Terra del Fuego, survival in, [229]
- Thompson, W. S., [219]
- Tintoretto, [116]
- Torquemada, [366]
- Transition, conflict of ideas in a time of, [376] f.
- Trial and error, [8]
- Trusts, [40] f.
- Twins, in different environments, [200] f.
- Types, social, [198], [201];
- Unconscious social process, [5], [14] ff., [20] ff., [103], [284]
- Unemployment, and responsibility, [158] f., [185]
- United States, [47] f., [144], [245], [246], [257], [266], [276], [278], [407]
- Universities, organizing process in, [20];
- Vacher de Lapouge, [221]
- Valuation, sexual, [214] f.;
- Variation, social, [17], [363] ff.
- Vice, [177], [184], [193] f., [231]
- Villages, degenerate, [156] f., [168], [191]
- Vocational selection, [64] f., [83], [318], [344]
- Vocational training, [65], [67] f., [70] ff.
- Voluntary association, [7], [149], [249]
- War, [38], [39] f.;
- War, the Great, [39] f., [42], [123], [162], [259]
- Ward, L. F., [37]
- Warner, A. G., [231]
- Wars, Napoleonic, [255]
- Washington, [113], [116]
- Wellington, composure of, [94]
- Wells, H. G., [142]
- Whitman, Walt, [415]
- Will, [21];
- Women, industrial education of, [65], [71];
- change in ideas regarding, [372]
- Women’s movement, effect of on race welfare, [215] ff.;
- on valuation, [346]
- Wordsworth, [118]
- “Working,” as a cause of growth, [8] ff., [12], [13] ff., [19], [23]