[309] That is, involuntary servitude based originally upon the inability of the negroes to pay fines.
[310] Throughout 1904 and 1905, there was much changing of commissioners, the preliminary work of sanitation went slowly and not altogether successfully, and difficulty was experienced in retaining the services of skilled engineers. Nevertheless, although it was soon seen that the first estimates of time and cost were far too small, the administration kept steadily at its great task, and before long reasonable progress could be reported.
[311] Born in Cortlandt, N. Y., May 14, 1852; was admitted to the bar and took interest in state politics; filled judicial positions from 1885 to 1904; chief-justice of court of appeals (1898–1904); resigned after accepting the nomination for the presidency, and has since practiced law in New York City.
[312] The President finally gained his point in July, 1907, when the necessary treaty was ratified.
[313] See footnote 312.
[314] Representatives of the United States sat, without voting, in the international conference on Moroccan affairs held in January, 1906, at Algeciras, Spain.
[315] Arizona rejected joint-statehood.
[316] For example, the friction with Japan caused by the opposition to the presence of Japanese pupils in the public schools of San Francisco; the personal controversies of the President, particularly that with the railway magnate, Mr. E. H. Harriman, with regard to campaign contributions raised by the latter; the proceedings of the closing session of the Fifty-ninth Congress; the suits against the Standard Oil Company; the President’s speeches on commercial and financial topics; and the persistent efforts to induce him to accept a nomination for a third term.
[317] Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1857. Graduated at Yale, 1878; admitted to Ohio bar, practiced law, and filled minor political and legal posts; Judge of Superior Court of Ohio; Solicitor-general of United States; U. S. Circuit Judge of the Sixth Circuit (1892–1900); President of the Philippine Commission (1900–1904); first Civil Governor of the islands; Secretary of War (1904–1908); settled affairs in Cuba, 1906; made several political visits of importance in various parts of the world; elected President, November, 1908.
[318] An injunction is “a judicial process or order requiring the person to whom it is directed to do or to refrain from doing a particular thing.”—Century Dictionary.