116. The New Provinces.—The newly acquired territory was divided into three provinces. Canada became the Province of Quebec, part of its southern boundary line limiting the present states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Florida was divided into two provinces, East and West Florida. A line was also drawn around the head waters of all the Atlantic-flowing rivers in the colonies, and the colonists were forbidden to settle in the reserved territory, which was set apart for the Indians. To defend these new provinces it was resolved to maintain within their borders a force of ten thousand men, who were to be supported partly by the Crown and partly by the colonies. That troops were needed was proved by the harassing though unsuccessful siege of Detroit by the Indians, led by Pontiac, chief of the Ottawas, in the spring and summer of 1763.

References.—See Thwaites, The Colonies, chaps. xiii.–xiv. Add to preceding bibliography: A. V. G. Allen, Jonathan Edwards; C. C. Jones, History of Georgia (2 vols.); C. Gayarré, History of Louisiana (4 vols.); F. Parkman, Frontenac and New France, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, A Half Century of Conflict, Montcalm and Wolfe; A. B. Hart, Formation of the Union, chaps. i.–ii. (“Epochs of American History”); W. M. Sloane, The French War and the Revolution, chaps. i.–ix. (“American History Series”); H. C. Lodge, George Washington, Vol. I., chaps. i.–iii. (“American Statesmen Series”); J. Winsor, The Mississippi Basin; B. A. Hinsdale, The Old Northwest; T. Roosevelt, The Winning of the West, Vol. I.; B. Franklin, Autobiography; J. F. Cooper, The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, and The Pathfinder; Parkman’s Conspiracy of Pontiac contains a résumé of the struggle for Canada.

[45] Some of the most interesting operations of the Civil War took place within the Shenandoah Valley.
[46] Born in 1698; died, 1785. Officer of the British army; received grant, which he named Georgia, in 1732; founded Savannah in 1733; returned twice to England, and had a somewhat unsuccessful military and naval career; gave up the charter to the Crown in 1752, nine years after finally leaving America.
[47] The region comprising what is now New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and part of Maine.
[48] The region along the St. Lawrence of which Montreal and Quebec have always been the two chief centers.
[49] French explorer; born, 1643; died, 1687. Migrated to Canada in 1666; explored westward as far as Lake Michigan and the Illinois River; was in France in 1677, but at once returned, and, passing via Niagara, ascended the lakes to Mackinaw, finally (1679) exploring the Illinois River beyond Peoria; descended in a canoe the Illinois and Mississippi rivers to the Gulf in 1682; organized a new expedition in 1684; sailed from France for the Mississippi, but landed by mistake at Matagorda Bay; murdered by his followers at some unknown spot in Texas.
[50] Metaphysician and theologian; born in Connecticut, 1703; died, President of Princeton College, in 1758. Became pastor of Congregational church in Northampton, Massachusetts, 1727, where he remained till 1750; preached to Indians at Stockbridge from 1751 to 1758; wrote many works, of which Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will is the most noted.