Panama to Patagonia

by Charles M. Pepper

New York
	Portland
		Boston
			Quebec
				Halifax
					Charlottetown, P. E. I.
						Philadelphia
							Baltimore
								Newport News
									Charleston
										Savannah
											Bermuda
0	362	300	1404	581	828	229	404	281	629	699	676	New York
	0	111	1161	343	575	529	693	567	901	971	739	Portland
		0	1205	383	627	477	641	515	849	919	696	Boston
			0	861	570	1558	1739	1613	1904	1978	1505	Quebec
				0	273	735	836	710	1077	1147	758	Halifax
					0	982	1137	1011	1323	1393	852	Charlottetown
						0	355	229	594	664	729	Philadelphia
							0	156	550	620	759	Baltimore
								0	424	494	633	Newport News
									0	88	816	Charleston
										0	830	Savannah
											0	Bermuda
Key West
	Habana
		Saint Thomas
			Port Castries
				Demerara
					Pernambuco
						Bahia
							Rio de Janeiro
								Montevideo
									Buenos Ayres
										Punta Arenas (Sandy Point)
1171	1215	1428	1746	2209	3696	4096	4778	5768	5868	6890	New York
1400	1444	1562	1853	2289	3701	4101	4783	5773	5873	6895	Portland
1348	1392	1516	1808	2253	3666	4066	4748	5738	5838	6860	Boston
2377	2421	2340	2574	2935	4171	4571	5253	6243	6343	7365	Quebec
1568	1612	1613	1873	2279	3575	3975	4657	5647	5747	6769	Halifax
1807	1851	1790	2028	2437	3662	4062	4744	5734	5834	6856	Charlottetown
1093	1137	1437	1762	2225	3746	4146	4828	5818	5918	6940	Philadelphia
1049	1093	1414	1743	2204	3758	4158	4840	5830	5930	6952	Baltimore
923	967	1287	1617	2086	3622	4003	4780	5750	5853	6826	Newport News
598	642	1194	1554	1984	3631	4031	4713	5703	5803	6825	Charleston
569	613	1212	1566	2202	3660	4060	4742	5732	5832	6854	Savannah
1090	1141	853	1134	1724	3037	3437	4119	5109	5209	6231	Bermuda
0	90	1040	1360	1797	3814	4214	4896	5886	5986	7008	Key West
	0	1019	1360	1869	3509	3909	4591	5581	6681	6703	Habana
		0	346	802	2469	2869	3551	4541	4641	5663	Saint Thomas
			0	461	2155	2555	3237	4227	4327	5349	Port Castries
				0	1788	2188	2870	3860	3960	4986	Demerara
					0	400	1100	2065	2183	3340	Pernambuco
						0	745	1717	1835	2992	Bahia
							0	1056	1162	2228	Rio de Janeiro
								0	104	1312	Montevideo
									0	1386	Buenos Ayres
										0	Punta Arenas (Sandy Point)

DISTANT PORTS

Ports	By Cape of Good Hope
	Full powered steam vessels	Auxiliary steam N. E. monsoon	Auxiliary steam S. W. monsoon	Sail alone N. E. monsoon	Sail alone S. W. monsoon
New York to Bombay	11250	12670	11820	13310	12460
“““Colombo	10950	11730	11730	12370	12260
“““Calcutta	12180	13710	13140	14390	13780
“““Singapore	12150	12850	13120	13490	13760
“““Hongkong	13590	14750	14560	15430	15200
“““Shanghai	14340	15560	15370	16510	16010
“““Yokohama	15020	16450	16120	16900	16760
“““Melbourne	12670	12840	12840	13480	13480
“““Sydney	13140	13310	13310	13950	13950
“““Wellington	13710	14240	14240	14880	14880
Ports		By Suez Canal			By Panama
		Auxiliary steam N. E. monsoon	Auxiliary steam S. W. monsoon	Full powered steam vessels	Full powered steam vessels
New York to Bombay		8370	8120	8120	15130
“““Colombo		8610	8610	8610	14230
“““Calcutta		10460	9830	9830	14300
“““Singapore		10170	10170	10170	12670
“““Hongkong		12110	11610	11610	11260
“““Shanghai		12920	12410	12360	10720
“““Yokohama		13820	13160	13040	9670
“““Melbourne		15030	15010	12790	10020
“““Sydney		14480	14460	13320	9710
“““Wellington		15680	15660	14230	8530
Ports		By Magellan Strait		By Cape Horn	By Panama
		Full powered steam vessels	Auxiliary steam vessels	Sailing vessels	Full powered steam vessels
Melbourne to New York		12880	13120	13760	10020
Sydney “““		12700	13050	13750	9710
Wellington “““		11500	11850	12550	8530
Valparaiso “““		8460	8680	9400	4640
S. Francisco “““		13090	14670	15420	5300
Esquimalt “““		13840	15330	16060	6080
Honolulu “““		13200	14170	14970	6690
New York to Valparaiso		8315	9130	9420	4640
“““S. Francisco		13090	15350	15660	5300
“““Esquimalt		13920	15980	16290	6080
“““Honolulu		13200	14650	15480	6690

INDEX

• Aconcagua, Mt., [201]
• Aconcagua River valley, [201]
• Acorta, Señor, first vice-president of Peru, 1903, [169]
• Acre rubber territory, [136], [327], [328], [333], [336], [344], [346]
• Adams, John Quincy, his advice to Colombia, [351];
• and the Monroe Doctrine, [354]
• Advertising, Chilean, [202], [204]
• Agassiz, [2]
• Agriculture, factor in growth of population, [8];
• “cultivation in the clouds,” [67], [68];
• development in Peru, [124–130], [134–136], [146], [147], [154], [158–161];
• in Chile, [262–266];
• in Bolivia, [307], [327–330], [341], [342]
• Aguacate, or alligator pear, [28], [29]
• Aguardiente, or cane rum, [27], [128]
• Akers, Charles E., [364]
• Alameda de las Delicias, Santiago, [204], [205]
• Alausi, Ecuador, [65]
• Alcohol, thirst of Indians for, [27], [121], [308];
• by-product of sugar, [128];
• injurious to Indians, [156];
• source of revenue, [176], [346];
• a possible excuse for its use, [295]
• Alfaro, ——, former president of Ecuador, [71]
• Alligator pear, [28], [29], [86]
• Almirante Barroso, Brazilian warship, [189]
• Almuerzo, mid-day breakfast, [27]
• Alpaca wools, [116]
• Altiplanicie, or Great Central Plateau, [279], [297]
• Alzamora, Dr. Isaac, former vice-president of Peru, [96]
• Amachuma, Bolivia, [293]
• Amazonian, commerce affected by Canal, [6], [78];
• outlet to coast, [120], [137–139], [141], [142], [145], [147], [179], [335];
• railroad extension into Amazon country, [140];
• Pichis road opened, [143]
• Ambato, on Guayaquil and Quito Railroad, [69]
• Americans, in Canal Zone, [53–56];
• as railway builders in Ecuador, [65], [66];
• builders of jetty at Pacasmayo, [79];
• in Peruvian railway projects, [80], [106], [147], [159];
• in silver mines, [107], [131], [132];
• at Arequipa, [117];
• composing Inca Company, [119];
• irrigating Piura district, [125];
• relations with local authorities, [175];
• in Iquique, [185];
• project a bank in Valparaiso, [270];
• resident at La Paz, [312];
• syndicates interested in Corocoro mines, [322];
• miners at Tipuani placers, [323];
• projected American school, [345];
• not unwelcome in Bolivia, [345];
• advantages from Americans’ investments, [347]
• Amotope district, Peru, oil-producing, [131]
• Ancachs, Department of, mineral wealth, [130], [133]
• Ancon, Mt., [45]
• Ancon, Port of, [46], [82], [83], [125]
• Andes, [4], [6], [79], [81], [100], [118], [123], [130], [262], [269], [280], [321]
• Otherwise called [Cordilleras]
• Angaraes district, Peru, gold-producing, [132]
• Angostura de Paine, narrowest part of central valley, [263], [283]
• Annexes to hotels, [31]
• Anona, same as [Cheremoya]
• Antarctic current, see [Humboldt current]
• Antofagasta, distance from Panama, [12];
• commerce, [15];
• bad harbor, [86];
• sketch of, [187];
• copper output, [228];
• silver in district, [230];
• town seen from hills, [293]
• Apilla-pampa coal district, [326]
• Apurimac River valley, southern Peru, [128]
• Arana, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Araucanian Indian stock, [251], [252]
• Arequipa, capital of southern Peru, [109], [110], [114–117];
• district is gold-producing, [132];
• sulphur-producing, [133]
• Arequipa, lost in Valparaiso harbor, [191]
• Argentine, [5], [6], [8], [9]
• Arica, distance from Panama, [12];
• minerals exported from, [16];
• vicuña rug industry, [122];
• sketch of, [180–182];
• export port for Chilcaya borax, [326]
• Army life, effect on native conscripts, [156];
• the Chilean roto in the army, [254]
• Aspinwall, William H., statue to, [39]
• Asta-Barragua, Mr. George, [241]
• Athletic sports popular in Santiago, [213]
• Aullogas silver deposit, [318]
• Avenida, or Avenue Brazil, Valparaiso, [190]
• Avocat, or alligator pear, [28]
• Aymará Indians and dialect, [154], [252], [302], [304], [307], [311], [338–340]
• Aymaraes district, Peru, gold-producing, [132]
• Ayoayo, Bolivia, [305]
• Bacon, Francis, on sea voyages, [59]
• Baggage, care of, [31]
• Bailey, Professor, director of Harvard astronomical observatory, [117]
• Balboa crossed Isthmus, [41]
• Balmaceda, José Manuel, former Chilean president, [236], [237], [243], [246]
• Balsas, or house rafts, [61], [121]
• Banks and banking, [34], [72], [99], [177], [178], [256], [270], [274–276], [368]
• Barandiaran, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Beauclerc, Mr., English minister to Bolivia, [346]
• Beer, [26]
• Beet-root industry, [265]
• Beggar and political chiefs, incident concerning, [165]
• Bello, Andre, author of Chilean Civil Code, [206]
• Beni, territory at head-waters of, [327], [335], [344], [348]
• Bertrand, Mr. Alejandro, civil engineer, [215]
• Birds, on the coast, [79];
• in a treeless country, [288], [292]
• Birth and death rates, in Lima, [100];
• in Peru, [152], [157];
• in Chile, [252], [256–258];
• in Bolivia, [310]
• Bismuth production of Bolivia, [325]
• Black Mountain Peak, on Central Railway, [103]
• Blaine, Secretary, concerned in Galapagos Islands negotiations, [71]
• Boer colonies in South America, [273]
• Bogota, pure Spanish spoken, [24]
• Bolivia, relation to Canal, [2], [3];
• population, [4];
• commerce, [15], [16], [86], [88];
• customs, [27];
• market for Peruvian goods, [126], [128];
• railroad building, [141], [187];
• natives, [156];
• shipping points, [187], [188];
• description, [278–350]
• Boliviano, United States and English equivalents, [316], [317], [323], [347], [349]
• Boll weevil, Peruvian cotton free from, [126]
• Borax deposits, [132], [325]
• Brandy, Pisco, [85]
• Brazil, (tropical) coffee trade, [8];
• (temperate) cattle and wheat industries, [8];
• boundary disputes, [136], [146];
• coffee product, [161], [328];
• controversy over Acre rubber territory, [327], [333]
• Bronze in Chorolque district, Bolivia, [320]
• Bryce, Professor James, [164]
• Buenaventura, [59]
• Bull-fight, at Lima, [95];
• abolished in Chile, [213]
• Bulnes, General Manuel, former Chilean president, [233]
• Business-letter, the terse English, [23]
• Caballitos, or grass canoes, [79]
• Cabildo of Quito, resolution adopted by, [66]
• Cacao, or chocolate, Ecuador’s production of, [63]
• Caceres, President, his plans concerning central highway, [143], [170]
• Cachipuscana, Lake, [118]
• Cailloma district, Peru, silver-producing, [132]
• Caja de Ahorros, or Savings Bank, Santiago, [256]
• Cajamarca, [80], [132]
• Calamarca, [306]
• Calancha, Friar, concerning the South Sea and the Southern Cross, [57]
• Calca district, Peru, iron production, [133]
• Calchas, Bolivia, copper deposits, [322]
• Caldera, [5], [188]
• Calderon, Mr. and Mrs. Ignacio, of La Paz, [312]
• Calderon, Señor Manuel Alvarez, Peruvian minister to Washington, 1903, [169]
• Calderon, Señor Serapio, second vice-president of Peru, [169]
• Caledonian cross-cut channel projected, [42]
• Caleta Buena, [222]
• Caliche, nitrate layer, [220]
• Callao, [6], [12–14], [83], [84]
• Camache, suburb of Iquique, [185]
• Camana district, Peru, copper-producing, [132];
• sulphur beds, [133]
• Campaign humor, instance of, [240], [241]
• Campana, J. J., of Iquique, [219]
• Canal Commission, [52]
• Canal Zone, [18], [19], [37–56], [364];
• see [Panama, Isthmus of]
• Candamo, Señor Miguel, late president of Peru, [166–172]
• Cane rum, or aguardiente, [27], [128]
• Cangallo district, Peru, sulphur beds, [133]
• Canning, George, the statesman, [352], [355]
• Canta district, Peru, coal deposits, [133]
• Cape Pillar, [197]
• Capelo, Joaquin, Peruvian engineer of central highway, [143]
• Capopo district, copper mines in, [228]
• Carabaya, Province of, gold mines developed by Americans, [119], [120], [132]
• Caracas, Bay of, [60]
• Caracoles silver mines, [230]
• Caracollo, Bolivia, [302]
• Casapalca smelting-works on Central Railway of Peru, [103]
• Castilla, Joaquin, Peruvian patriot, [94]
• Castrovirreyna district, Peru, silver-producing, [132]
• Cauca, valley of, [13], [59]
• Caucho, second quality crude rubber, [134]
• Caylloma district, Peru, coal deposits, [133]
• Centenarians in San Juan valley, [281]
• Central Cordillera, [129], [137]
• Central highway, route from the Amazon to the Pacific, [142–146]
• Central Plateau, or Altiplanicie, of Bolivia, [279], [297]
• Central Railway, [100–105], [107], [149];
• same as [Oroya Railway]
• Central valley of Chile, [262–264]
• Cerro de Azul, [84], [125]
• Cerro de Pasco, district and mines, [105–107], [131–133], [140], [177];
• railway, [106], [107], [140], [146], [159]
• Chacabuco, Hill of, head of central valley, Chile, [262]
• Chachani, mountain seen from Arequipa, [109], [112]
• Chaco, or tropical prairie and forest region, [341]
• Chagres River, used as a means of crossing Isthmus, [41];
• advocated by Champlain, [42], [43];
• one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, [43];
• engineering problems presented by, [44]
• Chala, Peru, [85]
• Challapata, near Lake Poöpo, [298]
• Chamber of Commerce, Lima, [99], [176]
• Champlain, concerning Panama and possibility of canal, [43]
• Chañaral, location of copper-smelting works, [188]
• Chancay district, Peru, sulphur beds, [133]
• Chanchamayo valley, cane-producing area, [128];
• land-grants to Peruvian Corporation, [140];
• development of, [146], [160]
• Charqui, jerked beef, [33]
• Chauncey, Henry, statue to, [39]
• Chayanta, tin mines in district, [314];
• copper deposits, [322];
• gold claims, [324]
• Checcacupe, Peru, [119]
• Cheremoya, South American fruit, [28], [29]
• Chicha, native drink, [26]
• Chicla, on Central Railway, [101]
• Chilcaya borax field, Bolivia, [325]
• Chile, relation to Canal, [2], [16];
• foreign trade, [9], [16];
• saltpetre beds, [16], [217];
• policy toward Galapagos Islands, [71];
• description of, [180–277];
• treaty with Bolivia, [346]
• Chilete (Ancachs) district, Peru, lead deposits, [133]
• Chili, valley of the river, [109], [117]
• Chiloe Archipelago, [196], [273]
• Chimborazo, [60]
• Chimbote, [81]
• Chimneys, lack of, in Santiago, [209]
• Chimoré coal district, [326]
• Chinchas, or guano islands, [85]
• Chinese, merchants of Callao, [84];
• population of Lima, [96], [97];
• land-owners, [158]
• Chira valley, projected irrigation, [124]
• Chivalry of Chilean men, [212]
• Chocaltaga, tin deposit of, [315]
• Chocaya, tin district, Bolivia, [315]
• Chocolate (cacao), [63]
• Cholos, [105], [136], [154], [155], [157], [285], [295], [308], [311], [338], [340]
• Chonta district, Peru, mercury-cinnabar production, [133]
• Chorolque, tin mines in district, [315];
• silver mines, [318], [320];
• bismuth deposit, [325]
• Chosica, on Central Railway, Peru, [103]
• Christ of the Andes, [269]
• Chuncho Indians, [154]
• Chuni, potato eaten by natives, [33]
• Chupé, native dish, [28], [292]
• Chuquicamata, copper mines in the District of, [228]
• Chuquisaca gold region of Bolivia, [324]
• Chuquiyupu River, meaning of name, [324]
• Churches, of Guayaquil, [61];
• of Paita, [76];
• of Lima, [91], [97], [98];
• of Arequipa, [115];
• of Santiago, [206]
• Cinchona tree, [329]
• Clay, Henry, [3], [371]
• Climate, along West Coast, [59];
• of Guayaquil, [62];
• of Lima, [100];
• of Arequipa, [109];
• of Santiago, [209], [213];
• of Chile, [273];
• of Oruro, [300];
• of Bolivia, [341–343]
• Clubs, of Callao, [84];
• of Lima, [96];
• of Iquique, [185];
• of Santiago, [211]
• Coal, in Peru, [107], [131], [133];
• in Chile, [194], [229];
• consumption of, in nitrate industry, [222];
• Bolivian deposits, [326]
• Coca, plant from which cocaine is made, [156], [328], [329]
• Cochabamba, Bolivia, [335]
• Cochrane, Lord, statue to, [190]
• Codecido, Mr. Emilio Bello, of Santiago, [211]
• Coffee, from tropical Brazil, [8];
• Peruvian settlers compete with Brazil in coffee culture, [161];
• Bolivian trade in, [328]
• Cololo, mountain peaks in Peru, [305]
• Colombia, relation to Canal, [2], [3], [13];
• Colombian control of Isthmus, [46];
• J. Q. Adams’s advice, [351]
• Colon, distance from New York, New Orleans, Panama, and Liverpool, [11], [12];
• sketch of, [37–40];
• Canal workers leaving, [54];
• distance from foreign ports, [63]
• Colonias, Territory of, Bolivia, [328], [344]
• Colonization, in Peru, [138], [160];
• in Chile, [272];
• in Bolivia, [340]
• Colquechaca silver deposits, [318]
• Colquiri, tin-mining district, [314]
• Columbus, statue to, at mouth of Canal, [38];
• made search for passage through Isthmus, [41]
• Commercial traveller’s need of Spanish, [23]
• Compania Nacional de Recaudacion, Peru, [176]
• Concepcion, third largest city in Chile, [196];
• coal mines in district, [229]
• Condor, [72]
• Consequencia silver mines, Chile, [230]
• Continental Divide, see [Cordilleras]
• Coolies as plantation laborers, [158]
• Copacabana, peninsula of, [326]
• Copiapo district, silver mines, [229];
• seat of revolution, [233]
• Copiapo Railway, [188]
• Copper, in Ecuador, [70];
• in Peru, [131], [132];
• in Chile, [194], [195], [228];
• in Bolivia, [320–323]
• Coquimbo, [189], [228], [229]
• Cordilleras, [4], [42], [45], [51], [67], [74], [123], [129], [130], [143], [149], [161], [162], [188], [201], [269], [279], [297], [305], [314], [326], [342]
• See also [Andes]
• Cordoba, [5]
• Corocoro copper mines, [183], [322], [323]
• Coronel, coaling-station, [194], [195], [229]
• Coropuna mountain, [109], [112]
• Corpus Christi festival in Santiago, [208]
• Cosmopolitan La Paz, [311], [312]
• Cotagaita, tin district, Bolivia, [315]
• Cotaigata Mountain, [286]
• Cotopaxi, [60]
• Cotton, in Peru, [69], [124–127], [147];
• in Bolivia, [329]
• Council of State, Peru, [173];
• in Chile, [240]
• Cousiño family, controllers of Lota and Coronel, [195]
• Cousiño Park, Lota, [195]
• Cousiño Park, Santiago, [213]
• Crucero Alto, summit of divide, [118]
• Cuba, compared to Canal Zone, [51];
• U. S. relations toward, [361], [362]
• Cuenca, Ecuador, [67]
• Culebra Cut, [45], [52]
• Curarey River, [69]
• Currency, paper, in Peru, [178];
• metal and paper, in Bolivia, [349]
• Cuzco, Inca capital of Peru, [119], [129]
• Darien, or Caledonian, cross-cut channel projected, [42]
• Darsena at Callao, [83]
• Deafness of infants in mountain regions, [310]
• Death rate, see [Birth and death rates]
• Debt of Chile, [274]
• De Costa, Señora Angela, originator of idea of statue “Christ of the Andes,” [269]
• De Faramond, Lieutenant Commander, French naval officer, [181]
• De Lesseps, residence of, [38]
• Departments of Bolivia, [344]
• Deposits and depositors in Santiago Savings Bank, [256]
• Desaguadero River, [299]
• Desolation Islands, [197]
• Deutsche La Plata Zeitung, [358]
• Diary-making on Pacific steamer, [59]
• Diseases, to be controlled by sanitation, [19];
• incident to West Coast, [35];
• to life in Canal Zone, [51], [52], [54], [55];
• yellow fever at Guayaquil, [61];
• fever at Arica, [181]
• Dos de Mayo, Peru, mercury and coal district, [133]
• Drake, Sir Francis, visit to Arica in 1579, [182]
• Dress for travellers, [25]
• Drinks, native, [26], [27]
• Dudley, Minister, of Lima, [97], [100], [126]
• Duran, [65]
• Earthquakes which have shaken Lima, [93];
• Arequipa, [116];
• Arica, [182]
• Ecuador, relation to Canal, [2];
• trade with U. S., [9];
• foreign trade, [13], [14], [63];
• railway exploitation, [65], [66], [68];
• topography, [67];
• products, [68], [69];
• minerals, [69];
• population, [70];
• financial standing and money, [71], [72];
• banks and national debt, [72]
• Editor, the ideal, [215], [216]
• Edwards, Mr. Augustin, owner of El Mercurio, [214]
• Elections, in Chile, [240];
• in Bolivia, [344]
• El Mercurio, of Santiago and Valparaiso, [214], [215], [363]
• El Misti, extinct volcano, [109], [117]
• Elmore, Judge Alberto, president of Council of State, Peru, 1903, [169]
• El Oro, the gold country of Ecuador, [69]
• Elsa mine, [324]
• English ports distant from West Coast, [12], [13], [63];
• commerce, [15], [16], [64], [84], [136], [196], [271], [347];
• interests in oil fields, [131];
• in railroads, [139], [140], [161];
• at Iquique, [185];
• in nitrate fields, [186], [227], [269];
• at Valparaiso, [190];
• advertising, [202];
• in Santiago, [213];
• wheat trade with Chile, [263];
• diplomatic relations with Bolivia, [346];
• concern with Monroe Doctrine, [352] et seq.
• English spoken in South America, [22], [23]
• Enock, C. Reginald, English engineer, [130]
• Errazuriz, Frederico, former Chilean president, [235]
• Escariano, [287], [291]
• Esmeraldas, [63]
• Eten, Port of, [79]
• Eugenie, Empress, statue presented by, [38]
• Evangelist Islands, [196], [197]
• Exchange, rates of, [34]
• Farmer, comprehensive term in Chile, [212], [213]
• Fashions in Bolivian towns, [285], [295]
• Ferrenafe, Peru, [79]
• Ferrol, Bay of, [81]
• Fever flower of Algiers, [181]
• Fleas of Quilca, [114]
• Fleteros, or boatmen, [75]
• Fomento de Fabrica, or Manufacturers Association, of Chile, [272]
• Foreign Commerce of the U. S., Annual Review 1904, table compiled from, [9]
• Foreigners, may hold municipal offices in Peru, [175];
• from colonies around Valdivia, Osorno, and Lake Llanquihue, [272];
• in Uyuni, [296];
• scarcity in Bolivia, [337];
• rights under the government, [345]
• Forest lands of southern Chile, [264]
• Fortunes of Chileans, [239]
• Four Years among the South Americans, [66]
• France in trade with Ecuador, [64];
• with Peru, [127]
• Fredonia, U. S. frigate, destroyed by tidal wave, [182]
• Freight rates, [16–18];
• through freight along West Coast, [58];
• on Peruvian sugar, [128];
• affected by Canal, [188]
• French community at Valparaiso, [190]
• Froward, Cape, [198]
• Fruits, [28], [29]
• Fuel saved by Canal route, [13]
• Galapagos Islands, [70], [71], [357]
• Galera tunnel, Central Railway, [101]
• Garland, Mr. Alejandro, of Lima, [97]
• Gatun, first view of Canal obtained from railroad at, [44]
• Geographical Society of Lima, [152]
• German colony, [157];
• immigrants desired, [159];
• Germans in Valparaiso, [190];
• in Bolivian rubber region, [327];
• concern in Monroe Doctrine, [358] et seq.
• Germany, in trade with Ecuador, [64];
• with Peru, [84];
• sends minister to Bolivia, [346];
• trade with Bolivia, [347]
• Gold, in Ecuador, [69];
• in Peru, [120], [131], [132];
• in Chile, [229];
• in Bolivia, [282], [323–325]
• Gold River of St. John, [324]
• Gold standard, of Panama, [19];
• of Peru, [177];
• of Chile, [274];
• of Bolivia, [349]
• Gottschalk, United States Consul, [130]
• Granadilla fruit, [85]
• Grape brandy, [85]
• Grape culture in Chile, [265]
• Grass cross over dwellings, [307]
• Guachalla, Señor Fernando, [34]
• Guadalupe Mountain, [280], [286], [291];
• district, [318]
• Gualca, Indian who discovered silver at Potosi, [318]
• Guamote, Ecuador, [65]
• Guanaco skins, [182]
• Guano exported from Peru, [15], [79];
• Guano islands, or Chinchas, [85]
• Guaqui, on Lake Titicaca, scene of Indian uprising, [339]
• Guayacan copper mines, [228]
• Guayaquil, distance from U. S. forts, [11], [14];
• from Panama, [12];
• sketch of, [61];
• relation to Canal and commerce, [62], [63];
• banks, [72]
• Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce, [64]
• Guayaquil, Gulf of, [60]
• Guayas River, [60]
• Guevara, Bachiler, forbidden to practise law in Quito, [67]
• Gulf ports, trade with West Coast ports, [11]
• Gum, see [Rubber]
• Haciendas, in Peru, [85], [155];
• in central valley, Chile, [263]
• Hamburg, distance from West Coast ports via Panama, [13];
• from Guayaquil, [63]
• Harvard Astronomical Observatory, on Mt. El Misti, [117]
• Hassaurek, Frederick, his impressions of Quito, [66]
• Hats, Ecuador’s export trade in, [64]
• Havre, distance from Guayaquil, [63]
• Hay-Varilla Treaty, [46]
• Hay, John, late Secretary of State, [362], [363]
• Holidays in Bolivia, [345]
• Hotels, [29–31]
• Huaca, of Trujillo, [81];
• of Supe, [82]
• Hualgayoc district, Peru, silver-producing, [132]
• Huallaga River, [6], [137]
• Huamachuco, gold-producing district, Peru, [132]
• Huamalies district, Peru, gold-producing, [132];
• coal deposits, [133]
• Huancavelica, silver-producing district, Peru, [132];
• mercury deposits, [133];
• quicksilver mines, [142]
• Huanchaca, town and mines, [318]
• Huanchaca Company of Bolivia, their reduction works at Antofagasta, [187], [319]
• Huanchaco, Port of, [80]
• Huantayaja silver region, [229]
• Huanuco, German colony, [157];
• district is gold-producing, [132]
• Huaraz district, Peru, copper-producing, [132];
• iron and sulphur deposits, [133]
• Huarochiri, sulphur, coal, and lead deposits, [133]
• Huaylas district, Peru, copper-producing, [132];
• coal-mining district, [133]
• Huayna-Potosi, tin-mining district, [314], [315]
• Humboldt, Von, [2], [325]
• Humboldt, or Antarctic, current, [59]
• Hydraulic power of Andes to be developed, [130]
• Ibarra, Ecuador, [69]
• Ica district, Peru, gold and copper producing, [132]
• Illampu, series of peaks in Oriental Cordilleras, [305]
• Illimani, in the Bolivian Andes, [305], [306]
• Immigration, [8], [138], [158], [163], [272], [340]
• Inambari River basin, rubber industry, [120], [136];
• gold-washings, [132]
• Inca, Peruvian coin, [35], [177]
• Inca Caracoles silver mines, [230]
• Inca Company, headquarters in Arequipa, [116], [119], [120]
• Indians, [25], [44], [75], [79], [105], [116], [121], [136], [151–157], [181], [195], [198], [199], [251], [285–287], [295], [304], [305], [308], [309], [328], [337–340]
• Industrial establishments of Chile, [266]
• Infiernillo (Little Hell or Devil’s Bridge), on Central Railway, [103]
• Ingenia, [287]
• Inquisivi, tin-mining district, [314];
• bismuth deposit, [325]
• Intercontinental Railway Survey, [70], [153]
• Intercontinental railway, see [Pan-American trunk line]
• International Sanitary Bureau, [18]
• Iodine found in nitrate deposits, [222]
• Iquique, distance from Panama, [12];
• shipping-point for soda nitrates, [16];
• one of the three worst ports on West Coast, [86];
• sketch of, [184–186]
• Iquitos, [6], [7], [135], [148]
• Iron, in Ecuador, [70];
• in Peru, [133], [147];
• in Chile, [227]
• Irrigation, [86], [112], [124], [125], [127], [130], [142], [159], [276]
• Isla de Plata, Silver Island, [73]
• Islands of Direction, same as [Evangelist Islands]
• Islay, Bay of, [87];
• town, [88]
• Italia, wine made in Pisco district, [85]
• Italians, in Lima, [96];
• agricultural immigrants, [159], [160]
• Ivory nut, see [Tagua]
• Jauja, valley of, presents possibilities for irrigation, [142]
• Jebe, best quality crude rubber, [134]
• Jones, Mr. Champion, of Lima, [90]
• “Journalism, The Land of,” [214]
• Juliaca, on Southern Railway, Peru, [119], [121]
• Junin, town and lake, [106], [222]
• Kaolin, in Chorolque district, Bolivia, [320]
• Kelley, Frederick M., [42]
• Kraus, Jacob, Holland engineer, [192]
• La Boca, railway terminus at Pacific mouth of Canal, [46]
• Laborers, on Canal, [50];
• in Piura cotton lands, [125];
• in Peruvian rubber forests, [136];
• Indian and cholo, [155];
• Chinese coolies, [158];
• mine workers needed, [159];
• at Iquique, [185];
• in nitrate fields, [223];
• Chilean roto, [251–255];
• in Chilean factories, [267];
• Bolivian cholos, [340]
• Laca-Amra River, Bolivia, [299]
• L’Africaine, government railway concession, [341]
• La Lei, Santiago newspaper, [215]
• La Mar, gold-producing district, Peru, [132]
• Lambayeque region of Peru, [79], [129], [133]
• Land-owners in central valley, Chile, [263]
• La Paz, Bolivia, hotels, [30];
• travellers to, [300];
• sketch of, [310];
• tin mined in district, [315];
• in gold district, [324];
• Aymará inhabitants, [338];
• elevation of, [341];
• Department in revolution of 1898, [343]
• La Quiaca, on Argentine frontier, [279]
• Larecaja placers of Tipuani, Bolivia, [324]
• Larez district, Peru, iron-producing, [133]
• Lastarria, J. V., Chilean diplomat and historian, [250], [251]
• La Vie Latine, [366]
• “Law, The,” Santiago newspaper, [215]
• Lead, in Ecuador, [70];
• in Peru, [132];
• in Chorolque district, Bolivia, [320]
• Leger, Minister, of Haiti, [362], [363]
• Leguia, Señor, of Peru, [171]
• Le Perou, Auguste Plane, [145]
• Lima, Peru, pure Spanish spoken, [24];
• hotel, [30];
• sketch of, [89–100];
• censuses, [152];
• scene of revolution, [164]
• Limon, Bay of, [37]
• Lipez, silver deposit, [318];
• copper deposits, [321], [323]
• Live-stock industry, [8], [121], [133], [134], [263]
• Llai-Llai, [202]
• Llama, disposition of the, [309]
• Llanquihue district exports lumber, [264];
• colony on lake, [272]
• Lobos Islands, [79]
• Loja, in mining district of Ecuador, [70]
• Lomas, [85]
• Lopez de Guevara had scheme for three canals, [43]
• Loreto, Department of, centre of Peruvian rubber district, [134];
• variations in government, [173]
• Los Andes, location of spiral tunnel, [202]
• Lota, [194], [195];
• copper product of district, [228];
• iron mines, [229]
• Lottery at Lima, [95];
• at Santiago, [213]
• Louisiana Purchase, resources of the, [3]
• Luya district, Peru, gold-producing, [132]
• Machacamarca smelting works, [321]
• Machala, [63], [67]
• MacKenna, Benjamin V., historian, [205]
• Madre de Dios rubber region, [327]
• Magellan, Territory of, [264], [275]
• Majo, Bolivia, [279], [280]
• Malinowski, engineer of Central Railway, [101]
• Manserriche, Falls of, [6], [78], [147], [148]
• Manufactories, of Lima, [99];
• of Chile, [266]
• Manufacturers’ Association of Chile, [265], [272]
• Manzanillo, Island of, [37], [40]
• Mapocho River, Santiago, [207]
• Marañon River, [6], [78], [80], [132], [137], [147], [148]
• Maravillas, silver-smelting plant located at, [119]
• Marcapata valley, [136]
• Marriage customs among Indians, [155], [309]
• Martinez, Mr. Juan Walker, [211], [219]
• Mathieu, Mr., former Secretary of Chilean Legation, [312]
• Matte, Mr. Auguste, [211]
• Matucana, [104]
• Meals, customs concerning, [27]
• Meier, Mr., American consul at Mollendo, [114]
• Meiggs, Henry, builder of Central Railway of Peru, [100], [101], [110], [149], [203]
• Meiggs, Mt., on Central Railway, Peru, [104]
• Merchant marine of Chile, [270], [271]
• “Mercury, The,” of Santiago and Valparaiso, [214], [215]
• Mercury-cinnabar, Peruvian districts which produce, [133]
• Mestizos, [27], [151], [154], [155], [337];
• compare with [Cholos]
• Methodist Mission at Iquique, [185]
• Mexico of South America, Bolivia, [313–330]
• Mica deposits near Quilca, [114]
• Military party in Chile, [260]
• Mills, cotton, in Peru, [126]
• Milluni, tin-mining district, [314], [315]
• Mineral waters, [26]
• Mineral wealth, of Andes, [4];
• of Ecuador, [69], [78], [81];
• Peruvian deposits, [106], [107], [117], [120], [122], [130–133], [146];
• Chilean deposits, [217–231], [276];
• Bolivian deposits, [282], [294], [313–326]
• Mining-code, the Peruvian, [133]
• Mississippi Valley will benefit from Canal, [12]
• Molina, Father, Jesuit naturalist, [205]
• Mollendo, distance from Panama, [12];
• trade passing through, [14];
• relation to Arica, [16];
• one of three worst ports on West Coast, [86];
• railway terminus and harbor improvements, [88];
• trade, [88];
• use of Panama Canal, [88]
• Monastery of San Francisco, Lima, [97], [98]
• Money, South American, [34];
• Ecuadorian, [72]
• Monroe Doctrine in South America, [70], [351–371]
• Montaña region, [68], [123]
• Monte Cristo, from Bay of Caracas, [60]
• Montes, President Ismael, of Bolivia, [314], [332], [343], [345]
• Montt, Director of National Library, Santiago, [207]
• Montt, Captain Jorge, Chilean insurrectionist, [237]
• Montt, Manuel, former Chilean president, [233]
• Moquegua district, Peru, sulphur-producing, [133]
• Morgan, Sir John, sacked Panama, [41], [45]
• Mountain travel, supplies for, [32], [33]
• Mule in Andean use, [33]
• National Library, Lima, [97]
• National Library, Santiago, [206]
• National Tax Collection Society, [176]
• Naturalization of foreigners in Peru, [176]
• Naval school at Talcahuano, [195]
• Nazarene, on San Juan River, [280]
• Negro element, in Panameñans, [44];
• blacks engaged in Canal excavation, [50];
• in railway building, [66];
• in Peruvian population, [157], [158]
• Neill, Mr. Richard, Secretary American Legation, Lima, [96]
• New Orleans, distance from West Coast ports, [7], [11], [14], [63]
• New York, relative position with reference to West Coast ports, [7], [11];
• distance from Colon, [12];
• from Valparaiso, [12];
• from Guayaquil, [14], [62];
• from Callao, [14]
• New York Chamber of Commerce, statistics from, [13]
• Newspapers, Chilean, [199], [213–216]
• Nicaragua Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, [43]
• Nitrate kings, [184], [219]
• Nitrates of soda, exports from Chile, [16];
• shipments from Iquique, [16], [186];
• the product, [217–231], [276], [277]
• Noco, plain of, [86], [125]
• North, Colonel, the nitrate king, [184]
• Nudos in inter-Andine region, [67]
• Oaths, Spanish, [24]
• O’Higgins, liberator of Chile, [204], [232], [355]
• Old age attained by Bolivian peasants, [281]
• Olney, ex-Secretary, [357]
• Oranges of Pacasmayo, [79]
• Orcoma, nitrate district, [224]
• Oregon, Webster’s valuation of, [3]
• Oropesa, S. S., [191], [196]
• Oroya, on Central Railway, Peru, [101], [105], [107]
• Oroya Railway, same as [Central Railway]
• Oruro, hotel at, [30];
• town seen from hills, [293];
• sketch of, [299];
• tin and silver mines in vicinity, [314–317], [320]
• Osorno, colony at, [272]
• Otuzco district, Peru, gold-producing, [132]
• Ovalle, copper mines in the district of, [228]
• Pacasmayo, [79], [80]
• Pacific Company, concessions to, [147]
• Pacific Ocean, trade influenced by Canal, [1–20];
• described by Friar Calancha, [57];
• Pacific steamers, [57];
• Southern ocean rough, [194]
• Pacific Steam Navigation Company, Valparaiso office, [249]
• Paita, distance from New York, [7];
• from Panama, [12];
• sketch of, [74–78];
• selected as terminus of projected railroad, [147];
• district, sulphur deposits, [133]
• Paita, Bay of, [6], [74]
• Pallasca district, Peru, silver-producing, [132];
• lead deposits, [133]
• Palma, Dr. Ricardo, Director National Library, Lima, [97]
• Palta, or alligator pear, [28]
• Panama Bay, [58]
• Panama Canal, industrial development due to the, [1–20];
• toll rates, [11], [15];
• relation to Chilean trade, [16];
• entrance, [37];
• proposed routes, [40–43];
• route adopted, [44];
• villages and inhabitants along course, [44];
• Culebra Cut, [45];
• U. S. authority in Canal Zone, [46–50];
• sanitation and hygiene in Canal Zone, [50–53];
• American employees, [53–55];
• instrument in development of Panama, [55];
• Guayaquil trade will pass through, [62], [64];
• Amazon traffic will pass through, via Paita, [78];
• effect upon Callao, [84];
• Peruvian traffic, [88], [125], [128], [131], [135], [139], [145], [183];
• outlet for Cerro de Pasco mines, [107];
• will further Italian immigration, [160];
• relation to Iquique and the nitrates, [186], [227];
• will tend to lower ocean freight charges, [188];
• bearing on Valparaiso as harbor, [193];
• relation to Punta Arenas, [199];
• effect on Chilean commerce, [270];
• value to Bolivia, [331], [332], [350]
• Panama, City of, distance from Colon, Guayaquil, Paita, Callao, Mollendo, Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, and Valparaiso, [12];
• growth of, [39];
• sacking by Morgan’s buccaneers, [41], [45];
• sketch of, [45];
• distance from Guayaquil, [62]
• Panama, Isthmus of, [3];
• sanitary conditions on, [18];
• gold standard in, [19];
• waterways which have been projected, [41];
• Champlain conceived project of cutting through, [43];
• geographical position, [43];
• natives and villages, [44];
• government of, [46], [47];
• area, wealth, industries, and agriculture, [48];
• good to be derived from Canal, [49]
• Panama Railway, [17];
• statue to builders, [39];
• hygienic work of, [39]
• Panameñans, the, [44]
• Pan-American Conference, [18]
• Pan-American trunk line, [4]
• Pando, General, former President of Bolivia, [345]
• Pandura, [303]
• Pansio silver mines, Chile, [230]
• Paper money prohibited in Peru, [178]
• Para, Peruvian rubber metropolis, [7]
• Pardo, Señor José, President of Peru, [169–172]
• Parties, political, in Chile, [246]
• Pataz district, Peru, silver-producing, [132]
• Patterson, William, his scheme for canal through Isthmus, [42]
• Paucartambo district, gold-producing, [132]
• Peachy, American traveller in Peru, [153]
• Pelicans, [79]
• Perez, Carlos, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Perez, José Joaquin, former Chilean president, [233]
• Permanent Industrial Exhibition, [266]
• Pernambuco, distance from the Cape and New York, [12]
• Peru, relation to Canal, [2];
• rubber industry, [7];
• foreign commerce, [14], [15];
• description, [73] et seq.
• Peruvian Congress, [175]
• Peruvian Corporation of London, [101], [107], [119], [139], [140], [142], [143], [160], [161], [333]
• Peso, value of, [274]
• Petacas, or leather trunks, [32]
• Petroleum, fields of Peru, [78], [122], [131], [132];
• districts which produce, [133];
• deposits along shores of Lake Titicaca, [326];
• crude product used in Caupolican Province, [326]
• Phillips, Mr., editor of La Lei, Santiago, [215], [216]
• Pichis, or central highway, [142–146]
• Pierola, General, President in 1896, [143], [167], [170], [177]
• Pinto, Anibal, former Chilean president, [235]
• Pisagua, in nitrate and guano region, [184]
• Pisco, [85]
• Piura, in northern Peru, [78]
• Piura region, aridity of, [76], [77];
• cotton cultivation, [124], [147];
• American project for irrigating, [125];
• district produces petroleum and iron, [133]
• Pizarro, [41], [74], [80], [90], [92], [116]
• Plane, A., French engineer in Peru, [145]
• Playa Blanca, ore-smelters of Huanchaca Company at, [320]
• Political history of Chile, [232–247]
• Political parties in Chile, [246]
• Poöpo, Lake, [298];
• tin mines in Province of, [314]
• Population, growth in South America, [3], [4];
• in valley and mountain regions, [6];
• in cereal region, [8];
• in Ecuador, [70];
• in trans-Andine country, [138];
• in Peru, [151–163];
• of Chile, [271], [272];
• region between Oruro and La Paz, [306];
• of Bolivia, [336–341]
• Porco, tin-mining district of Bolivia, [315];
• silver deposits, [318];
• copper, [322]
• Portugalete Pass, [291];
• silver mines in district, [318]
• Postal service, [144]
• Potosi, silver mines, [293], [318], [319];
• tin mines, [314–316];
• need for railroad facilities, [319], [335]
• Prat, naval hero, statue to, [190]
• Presidential office, in Chile, [239];
• in Bolivia, [344]
• Priests, in Chilean social life, [212];
• Bolivian priesthood, [307]
• Prieto, Joaquin, former Chilean president, [233]
• Professional classes, dress of, [25]
• Projects for cutting through Isthmus, [40], [41]
• Protective policy of Chile, [266]
• Protestant churches in Peru, [174]
• Puchero, Spanish dish, [28]
• Pulacayo, most productive silver mine in South America, [294], [319]
• Puna, customs and quarantine port, [60]
• Puno, on Lake Titicaca, [121], [122];
• district produces coal, petroleum, and mercury, [133]
• Punta Arenas, southernmost town, [198–200]
• Quail in barren country, [288], [292]
• Quarantine regulations, [33], [34], [63]
• Quiaca River, on Bolivian boundary, [379]
• Quichua, or aboriginal Indian race of Peru, [105], [154], [157], [281], [292], [293], [304], [338]
• Quicksilver mines of Huancavelica, [142]
• Quilca, [113], [114]
• Quinine industry, [329]
• Quinta Normal, or Agricultural Experiment Station, Santiago, [213]
• Quinua, native cereal, [307]
• Quiros River, irrigation from, [125]
• Quisma Cruz, or Three Crosses, in Oriental Cordilleras, [305]
• Quito, [65], [66]
• Racing a feature at Santiago, [213]
• Railroads, through Andes, [4], [162], [188];
• line joining Buenos Ayres and Valparaiso, [5];
• proposed Argentine and Bolivian lines, [5], [15];
• passenger rates, [31];
• development in Panama, [49];
• lines and projects in Ecuador, [65–69];
• survey through mining region, [70];
• Peruvian line, [78];
• road from Eten, [79];
• project for road from Cajamarca, [80];
• line from Chimbote, [82];
• from Pisco to Ica, [85];
• Central (Oroya) Railway, [100–107];
• American syndicate road between Oroya and Cerro de Pasco, [107];
• line to Lake Titicaca, [110];
• extension from Sicuani, [119];
• engineering in Province of Carabaya, [119];
• projected line along Inambari River, [120];
• motive power furnished by river Rimac, [130];
• use of oil as fuel, [131];
• Peruvian lines, [138–142], [145–150];
• proposed line out from coffee district, [161];
• road from Arica to Tacna, [182];
• extension to La Paz, [183];
• lines in nitrate district, [187], [219], [221], [222];
• Copiapo Railway, [188];
• passenger accommodations, [202];
• William Wheelright’s road, [203];
• Chilean railroad policy, [267–269], [275];
• Bolivian roads, [278], [314], [332–336];
• mines await railroads, [319–321];
• Antofagasta and Oruro Railway, [336];
• concession granted by Bolivia, [341];
• treaty with Chile, [347], [348];
• West Coast railway development, [351] et seq.
• Raimondi, surveys of Department of Anacho, [130];
• description of central plateau of Bolivia, [297]
• Raspadura channel, possible route across Isthmus, [43]
• Rates of transportation of products, [17], [18]
• Reclus, representing French company in exploiting Darien route, [42]
• Reconnaissance Report upon the Proposed System of Bolivian Railways, Sisson, [335]
• Recuay district, Peru, silver and coal producing, [132]
• Reloncavi, Bay of, at the head of Gulf of Ancud, [262]
• Revenue, of Peruvian government, [176];
• of Bolivian, [346]
• Revolutions, in Peru, [164];
• in Bolivia, [343]
• Rice product of Peru, [79], [129]
• Richest woman in the world, the widow Cousiño, [195]
• Riesco, President Jerman, of Chile, [247]
• Rimac valley, Peru, [103], [130]
• Rivadavia mission to Europe, [355]
• Road-building, in Panama, [49];
• in Peru, [120]
• Roman Catholic Church, in Peru, [157], [174];
• in Chile, [208], [242], [243];
• attitude of roto toward, [253], [254];
• in Bolivia, [307], [308]
• Romaña, ex-President Edward, of Peru, [115]
• Roosevelt, President, [47], [70], [357], [358]
• Root, Mr. Elihu, [357]
• Roto, [248–259], [264]
• Royal Andes, [280]
• Rubber, demand for, [7];
• Ecuador’s product, [68], [69];
• shipped through Mollendo, [88];
• on San Gaban River, [120];
• in Coast Region, Peru, [124];
• Peruvian forests, [134–136], [138];
• Bolivian product, [327], [328]
• Saddles for mountain travel, [32]
• Sailors, members of Chilean roto as, [254]
• Sala, Father, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Salaverry, Peru, sugar from, [14];
• volume of trade and unique inscription, [81]
• Salisbury, Lord, [357]
• Salt fields east of Punta de Lobos, [223]
• Saltpetre fertilizers, see [nitrates]
• Sambo, origin of name, [158]
• San Bartholomew, tunnel in Chorolque district, [320]
• San Bartolomew, on Central Railway of Peru, [103]
• San Blas route proposed for Canal, [42]
• Sandia district, gold in, [120], [132]
• San Gaban River, [120]
• Sanitary conditions along Canal, [18], [50–52], [54], [55];
• in Lima, [99], [100];
• among Peruvian Indians, [157];
• in Santiago, [207], [258], [259]
• San José mine, near Oruro, [300], [321]
• San Juan River, [324]
• San Leon, tunnel at entrance of Pulacayo mine, [319]
• San Lorenzo, Island of, in harbor of Callao, [85]
• San Martin, statue to, Santiago, [205]
• San Mateo, on Central Railway of Peru, [103]
• San Miguel Bay named, [41]
• Santa Cruz, Department of, gum forests awaiting development, [327];
• the capital, [341]
• Santa Lucia, mountain in Santiago, [203–205]
• Santa Maria, Domingo, former Chilean executive, [236]
• Santa Rosa, ranch of, near Arequipa, [110]
• Santa Rosa valley, Bolivia, [282]
• Santiago, hotels at, [30], [31];
• sketch of, [203–216];
• social questions, [250];
• savings bank, [256];
• birth and death rates in province, [257]
• Santo Domingo, U. S. policy toward, [359]
• Santo Domingo gold mines, Province of Carabaya, [116], [119], [122]
• San Vicente, Sierra of, [292]
• Saracocha, Lake, [118]
• Savedro, Señor Don Angel, projected waterway through Isthmus, [42]
• Savings Bank, Santiago, [256]
• School system of Peru, [157];
• school conducted in Aymará language, [304], [305];
• Bolivian school system, [344], [345]
• Selfridge, Commander, [42]
• Sexes, even ratio of the, [337]
• Sheep-raising, [133], [264]
• Shipping interests of Chile, [270], [271]
• Sicasica, at an altitude of 14,000 feet, [304]
• Sicuani, [119]
• Silva, Mr., leader writer on El Mercurio, [215]
• Silver, in Ecuador, [70];
• in Peru, [107], [131], [132];
• in Chile, [229];
• in Bolivia, [304], [318–321]
• Sinopsis Estadistica y Geografica de la Republica de Bolivia, [342]
• Siroche, or mountain sickness, [104], [118], [288–291]
• Sisson, W. L., [335]
• Smythe’s Channel, [196]
• Socavon of the Virgin, silver mine in Oruro district, [321]
• Social question in Chile, [207], [248–261]
• Socialistic doctrines at work in Chile, [254]
• Society, in Lima, [95], [96];
• in Santiago, [210–213]
• Sol, Peruvian coin, [35], [177]
• Solano, Father Francis, founder of Franciscan Order in Peru, [98]
• Sorsby, Minister, of La Paz, [311]
• South America, 1854–1904, Akers, [364]
• South American Steamship Company offices burned by mob, [249]
• Southern Cross, [57]
• Southern Railway, [101], [120], [149], [334]
• Southernmost town of world, Punta Arenas, [198–200]
• Spanish administrative system to be moulded on American model, [48]
• Spanish-American, the, [2]
• Spanish language, needed by travellers, [21–25];
• spoken in its purity at Lima, [95];
• native hostility toward, [157], [338], [339]
• State ownership of Chilean railways, [267]
• Steamships, in West Coast foreign trade, [11];
• in nitrate trade, [16];
• in West Coast passenger service, [57], [58];
• in Guayaquil trade, [62];
• trading at Callao, [84];
• at Valparaiso, [191];
• in Chilean trade, [270], [271]
• Stephens, John L., statue to, [39]
• Strike in Valparaiso, [248], [249]
• Stumpff, engineer Elsa Mine, [324]
• Succession in office in Peru, [168]
• Suches, placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, [323]
• Sucre, [72]
• Sucre, old capital of Bolivia, [298], [311]
• Sugar-beet industry, [265]
• Sugar industry, in Peru, [14], [18], [127], [128];
• in Ecuador, [69];
• amount shipped via Pacasmayo, [79];
• through Huanchaco, [80];
• industry in Chile, [265], [266]
• Suipacha, on San Juan River, [280]
• Sulphur beds, near Bay of Sechura, [78];
• on Lake Titicaca Railroad, [117];
• Peruvian provinces which produce, [133]
• Supe, the landing-place, [82]
• Superunda, Count, memoirs of, [93]
• Taboga Isle, [45]
• Tacna, Pampas of, [224];
• tin mines in district, [315]
• Tacora, Mt., in Bolivia, [183]
• Taft, Secretary, [47]
• Tagua, or ivory nut, Ecuador’s production of, [64]
• Talcahuano, naval port, [195]
• Taltal, nitrate shipping-port, [188]
• Tambilla, [292]
• Tambo de Mora, [86]
• Tambos, or inns, [31];
• one at Majo, Bolivia, [279]
• Tarapacá, Province of, lost to Chile, [152], [217];
• saltpetre region, [217–226]
• Tarata, sulphur-producing district, Peru, [133]
• Tarija, capital of agricultural region in southeast Bolivia, [341]
• Tarma, coal-mining district, Peru, [133]
• Taxes, in Peru, [176];
• in Bolivia, [346]
• Tayacaja district, Peru, gold-producing, [132]
• Tehuantepec Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, [43]
• Telegraph line from Lima to Bermudez, [144]
• Telegraph line, monument commemorating completion of, Santiago, [205]
• Timber lands of southern Chile, [264]
• Tin product of Bolivia, [314–317], [320]
• Tipuani placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, [323]
• Tirapata, railroad station for mines of Carabaya Province, [119]
• Titicaca, Lake, trip from Arequipa to, [117–122]
• Tobacco, crop in Ecuador, [69];
• tax in Peru set aside for railroads, [141]
• Toll rates through Canal, [13], [15]
• Tombs at Caracollo, [302], [303], [305]
• Trades unions in Chile, [250], [251]
• Travellers, should practise customs of natives, [21];
• need for knowledge of Spanish, [21–25];
• dress, [25];
• eating and drinking, [26–29];
• hotels, [29–31];
• care of baggage, [31];
• railroad fares and night trains, [31];
• charges for embarkation and disembarkation, [32];
• supplies for mountain travel, [32], [33];
• fodder for animals, [33];
• quarantine regulations, [33], [34];
• money, [34];
• diseases, [35];
• friction with natives and officials in Peru, [175]
• Treasure islands, [73]
• Treaty between Bolivia and Chile ratified 1905, [347], [348]
• Treaty of Ancon, [83]
• Trujillo, [81]
• Trunks carried on pack animals, [32]
• Tucapel, West Coast vessel, [82]
• Tucker, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Tucuman, [5], [188]
• Tumbez, [73], [74];
• district, oil-producing, [131];
• sulphur and petroleum deposits, [133]
• Tupiza, Bolivia, hotel at, [30];
• sketch of, [283–286]
• Ubina Mountain, [286]
• Ucayali River, [137], [146]
• Union Club, Santiago, [211]
• Union district, Peru, gold-producing, [132]
• United States, trade with Argentine, [9];
• with West Coast countries, [10];
• policy toward Canal, [11];
• direct benefit derived, [12];
• authority in Canal Zone, [17–20], [37–40]
• University of San Marcos, Lima, [97]
• Uruguay, grain and cattle industries in, [8]
• Uyuni, Bolivia, [293–296], [315]
• V’s and VV’s, [102]
• Valdivia, Pedro, statue to, at Santiago, [203]
• Valdivia Province, [229], [264];
• town, [272]
• Valparaiso, distance from Panama and New York, [12];
• from Liverpool, [13];
• hotels, [31];
• sketch of, [189–194]
• Vegetable ivory, same as [Ivory nut]
• Verrugas, on Central Railway of Peru, [103]
• Verrugas, or bleeding warts, [103]
• Vice-presidency in Chile, [243]
• Vicuña, Archbishop, memorials to, at Santiago, [204]
• Vicuña high-grade wool and rugs, [116], [122], [182]
• Vicuñas, [118], [133]
• Vilcanota River, [119]
• Village life in Bolivian Andes, [280] et seq.
• Villamil family controlled Larecaja properties, [324]
• Villa Villa, Bolivia, [303]
• Villazon, Señor, Vice-president of Bolivia, [343]
• Viña del Mar, seashore resort near Valparaiso, [213]
• Vincocaya, [118]
• Vineyards of Pisco, [85]
• Vitor, [110]
• Vitor River, [113]
• Von Bülow, Chancellor, [358]
• Von Hassel, surveyor and explorer, [146]
• Von Sternberg, Baron, [358]
• Washington, Booker T., his work a subject of discussion, [215]
• Wateree, U. S. frigate, carried inland by tidal wave, [182]
• Water-fowl, [117]
• Watermelons of Pisco, [86]
• Webster, Daniel, [3]
• Weed-killing plant in use on tropical railway, [65]
• Werthemann, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Wetherill system in San José smelting works, [321]
• Wheat shipped from central valley, [263]
• Wheelright, William, pioneer railroad builder of Chile and Argentina, [188], [190], [203]
• White Spirit of the Illimani, ancient deity of Bolivian Indians, [308]
• Whitehead, American traveller in Peru, [153]
• Wines, imported and native, [26];
• Italia, wine made in Pisco district, [85]
• Wireless telegraphy station at southernmost town of the world, [199]
• Wolfe, surveys and explorations of, [142]
• Wolfram in Chorolque district, Bolivia, [203]
• Women, conductors on Santiago tramways, [205];
• Chilean, [212];
• Bolivian Indian, [309]
• Wood, Rev. Dr., Methodist clergyman in Lima, [162]
• Wool trade, [12], [264]
• Woollens needed by travellers, [25]
• Wyse, representing French company in exploiting Darien route, [42]
• Yani River placer washings, [324]
• Yauli, on Central Railway, Peru, [103];
• silver and copper deposits, [132];
• lead deposits, [133]
• Yauyos, coal-mining district, Peru, [133]
• Yavari River, frontier, rubber industry, [136]
• Yunca Indians, [154]
• Yura, iron and sulphur springs, [115]
• Yuracares, department of Cochabamba, produces a species of rubber tree, [327]
• Yurimaguas on the Huallaga River, [6], [80]
• Yuruma, village in Royal Andes, [280]
• Zambo, same as [Sambo]
• Zaruma, centre of gold-mining region, [69]
• Zarzuela, or one-act comedy, [212]

TABLES

	Page
Commercial relations of West Coast with United States	[9]
Distances of shipping ports on West Coast to trade centres	[12]
Distances and elevation above sea-level of the Central Railway of Peru	[102]
Mineral output of Peru for one year	[132]
Itinerary from Lima to Iquitos via Central Highway	[144]
Distances on railway from Paita to Piura	[148]
Product of the nitrate zone	[224]
Tin product of Bolivia	[316]
Metals found in combination with copper, Bolivia	[322]
Population of Bolivia	[337]
Temperature and products of zones, Bolivia	[342]
Rainfall, Bolivia	[343]

Transcriber's Notes

The following changes have been made to the text as printed.

1. Illustrations and end-of-page footnotes (marked with an asterisk) have been located in appropriate paragraph breaks.