Brand enjoyed not long his government, but in November, Anno 1069, which was the third of king William, he died.”—Gunton’s History of the Church of Peterborough.

Note N.—(Page [466].)
KNUT’S VISIT TO ELY.

The fen waters being frozen over, Knut travels to Ely in a sledge, under the guidance of Brithmer. The king there celebrates the feast of the Purification.—“Ad hanc igitur solempnitatem ipsum regem aliquotiens præ nimio gelu et glacie inibi contigit non posse pervenire, usquequaque paludibus et aquis gelatis, sed sic a bonitatis suæ studio rex non mutatur, licet nimium gemens et anxius fuisset; in Domino Deo confisus, super mare de Saham, cum non cessaret vehemens pruina, usque in Ely trahere se in vehiculo desuper glaciem cogitavit, sed, siquis eum præcederet, securius et minus pavide asperum iter perficere, nec differre asseruit. Casu enim astitit ibi vir magnus et incompositus ex insula quidam Brihtmerus Budde, pro densitate sic cognominatus, in multitudine, et ante regem se progredi spopondit. Nec mora, rex festinus in vehiculo secutus est, admirantibus cunctis illum tantam audatiam præsumpsisse. Quo perveniens cum gaudio solempnitatem ex more illic celebravit.”—(Liber Eliensis, lib. 2, p. 203.)

FENLAND BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The following Works relate to the History and Geography of the Fen-district, (Those marked thus † apply entirely to the district.)

Anon.†The Visitor’s Guide to and History of Crowland Abbey with an appendix on the Triangular Bridge, and a Plan of the Abbey. Crowland, 1839.
Anon. †History of Stamford. Published by J. Drakard. 4to. Stamford, 1822.
Armstrong, Col. J.†History of the Ancient and Present state of the Navigation of the Port of King’s Lynn, &c. 1725.
Babington, C. C.†Ancient Cambridgeshire; an account of Roman and other ancient roads, &c.
Babington, C. C.Cambridge Antiquarian Society’s Publications, No. 3.
Benedict of Peterboro’†Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi (1162-92) edited by William Stubbs, M.A., &c. London, 1867.
Bentham, J.†The History and Antiquities of the Conventual and Cathedral Church at Ely, from the foundation of the monastery A.D. 673 to the year 1771. 4to Cambridge, 1771.
Birch, W. de GrayMemorials of St. Guthlac. 8vo. Wisbech, 1881.
Birch, W. de Grayhe Chronicles of Croyland Abbey, by Ingulph. 8vo. Wisbech, 1883.
Boyne, WilliamTokens of the 17th century. London, 1858.
Brittan, J.The Beauties of England and Wales. 1801.
Britton, John†History of Peterborough Cathedral.
Brogden, J. E.Lincolnshire Provincial Words.
[Calver, Capt. E. K., R.N.†Chart of the Wash from Skegness to Blakeney. Published at the Admiralty, January, 1873.]
Camden, WilliamBritannia (1607 A.D.) Translation by Richard Gough, F.A. and R.G.S. 3 vols., fol. London, 1789.
Cammack, T. †On the Antiquities of Spalding. Proc. Lincolnsh. Arch. Soc. London, 1851.
Clarke, J. A. †Fen Sketches. Sm. 8vo. Wisbech, 1851.
Creasey History of New and Old Sleaford. 8vo. Sleaford, 1825.
Dugdale, Sir W. History of Imbanking and Draining of Rivers, Fens, and Marshes. Fol. London, 1722.
Dugdale, Sir W. The Monasticon.
Elstobb, W. †An Historical Account of the Great Level of the Fens. 8vo. Lynn, 1793.
English, H. S. Crowland and Burgh. 1871.
Evans, John Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain. 8vo. London, 1872.
Evans, JohnAncient British Coins.
Forby, Robert Vocabulary of East-Anglia. London, 1839.
Freeman, E. A. History of the Norman Conquest. 6 vols. 8vo. Oxford, 1870.
Freeman, E. A. “Lindum Colonia,” a paper in Macmillan’s Magazine, for 1875.
Gunton, Rev. Prebendary. †The History of the Church of Peterborough. Set forth by Symon Patrick, D.D., Dean of Peterboro’. Printed for Richard Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul’s Churchyard, 1686.
Heathcote, J. M. †Reminiscences of Fen and Mere. 8vo. London, 1876.
Henry of Huntingdon. History of the English. Translation in Bohn’s series.
Ingulphus †Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland. Translated by H. T. Riley, B.A. London, 1854.
Jenyns, Rev. L. †Observation in Meteorology in Cambs. 8vo. Van Voorst, 1858.
Kemble, J. M. The Saxons in England. London, 1849.
Kingsley, Canon †Hereward the Wake. Macmillan, London.
Leland Collectanea ex libro Hugonis Monachi Petroburgensis.
Lubbock Pre-historic Times.
Mackerell, B. †History and Antiquities of the flourishing Corporation of King’s Lynn. London, 1738.
Marshall, W. †On some ancient Court Rolls of the Manor of Littleport. Cambridge Antiquarian Society’s Communications, vol. IV.
Marshall, W. On an ancient Canoe found imbedded in the Fen Peat near Magdalen Bend on the river Ouse. Ditto, vol. IV., 1878.
Marrat, W. The History of Lincolnshire. 3 vols. 4to. Boston, 1814-16.
Michel, Francisque Chroniques Anglo-Normandes. 3 vols. Rouen, 1836.
Miller, S. H., and Skertchly, S. B. J. †The Fenland, Past and Present. 8vo. Wisbech, 1878.
Miller, S. H. (Editor.) Fenland Meteorological Circular, 1874 to 1877. 2 vols. Wisbech.
Miller, S. H. “The Great Fen.” English Illustrated Magazine. Macmillan, 1885.
Miller, S. H. “Alleged Idolatry in the Fens.” Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 1886-7.
Nall, J. G. Glossary of the Dialect and Provincialisms of East-Anglia. Longmans, 1866.
Nevinson, Rev C., M.A. History of Stamford. Demy 8vo. Johnson, Stamford, 1879.
Oldfield †History of Wainfleet.
Oliphant, T. L. K. The Sources of Standard English. London, 1873.
Oliver, Dr. G. †Religious Houses on the Witham. 1846.
Ordericus Vitalis The Original Text (published in 1838 by the French Historical Society, and edited by August le Provost. Translation of above by T. Forester, M.A. Bohn’s series, 1853.)
Richards, W. †The History of Lynn, civil, ecclesiastical, &c. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1812.
Stewart, Rev. D. J. (Editor.) †Liber Eliensis, ad fidem codicam variorum. London, 1848.
Skertchly, S. B. J. †The Geology of the Fenland. (Memoir of the Geological Survey.) London, 1877.
Stukely, William Itinerarium Curiosum. 2 vols, fol., 1724.
Stukely, William Palæographica Britannica. 3 numbers, 4to., Stamford, 1746 and 1752.
Thierry, J. N. A. History of the Norman Conquest. English Edition, Bohn, 1856.
Thompson, P. †History and Antiquities of Boston. 4to. London, 1856.
Trollope, Rev. E. †Hereward the Saxon Patriot. Paper read before the Associated Architectural Societies at Bourne in June, 1861.
Turner, Sharon History of the Anglo-Saxons. London, 1799.
Vermuyden, Sir C. †Discourse touching the drainage of the great Fennes. An Appendix in Wells’ History of the Bedford Level.
Walker, N., and Craddock, T. †The History of Wisbech and the Fens. 8vo. Wisbech, 1849.
Warner, Rev. R. H. Legends of St. Chad. 8vo. Wisbech, 1870.
Warner, Rev. R. H. History of Thorney Abbey. 8vo. Wisbech, 1879.
Watson, H. †Historical Account of Wisbech. 1827.
Wells, S. †History of the Drainage of the Bedford Level. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1830.
Wheeler, W. H. †History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire. 8vo. Boston, 1868.
William of Malmesbury De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum. Edited by N. E. S. A. Hamilton. London, 1870.
Wise, John Ramsey Abbey, its rise and fall. Huntingdon, 1881.
Wright, Thomas †Gesta Herewardi Saxonis. Appendix in Geoffrey Gaimar’s Anglo-Norman Metrical Chronicle. Caxton Society’s Publications. London, 1850.
(Various Authors) Fen and Marshland Churches. 3 vols. 4to., Wisbech, 1873-6. Report of British Archæological Society’s visit in 1878. Vol. 35.
[1] For Notes on Crowland Abbey, Spalding cell, and other religious houses, see Appendix.
[2] Fen-poles like that described in the text are not in use now, in this fourth quarter of the 19th century. Sportsmen use poles, as they do in most meadowy districts intersected by ditches; but the fen ditches are often dry in summer and early autumn and the boggy grounds are rare in these days. From Crowland to Spalding is eight miles in a straight line, but on such a route the Welland must be twice crossed. Now-a-days the traveller finds a good road from Crowland by Cowbit to Spalding,—the Saxon novice however had a devious course through Deeping Fen.
[3] For a description and list of Birds of the Fens, see “The Fenland, Past and Present.”