Manures and the principles of manuring - Charles Morton Aikman

	Average per Annum. 5 years, 1869-73.
	Dressed grain.
Manures per Acre per Annum.		Weight	Total
	Quantity.	per bushel.	straw.
	bush.	lb.	cwt.
Unmanured	19-7/8	33-3/4	10-3/8
200 lb. sulphate potash, 100 lb. sulphate soda, 100 lb. sulphate magnesia, and 3-1/2 cwt. superphosphate of lime	24-1/2	35	13-3/8
400 lb. ammonium salts	47	35-7/8	28-1/2
400 lb. ammonium salts, 200 lb. sulphate potash, 100 lb. sulphate soda, 100 lb. sulphate magnesia, and 3-1/2 cwt. superphosphate	59	37	41-1/8
550 lb. nitrate of soda	47-1/8	35-1/2	27-1/2
550 lb. nitrate of soda, 200 lb. sulphate potash, 100 lb. sulphate soda, 100 lb. sulphate magnesia, and 3-1/2 cwt. superphosphate	57-1/2	35-3/4	35
	Average per Annum. 4 years, 1874-78.
	Bushels.	lb.	cwt.
Unmanured	13-3/4	31-1/4	6
200 lb. sulphate potash, 100 lb. sulphate soda, 100 lb. sulphate magnesia, and 3-1/2 cwt. superphosphate of lime	13-1/8	31-5/8	6-1/8
200 lb. ammonium salts	28-7/8	33-1/4	14-1/8
200 lb. ammonium salts, 200 lb. sulphate potash, 100 lb. sulphate soda, 100 lb. sulphate magnesia, and 3-1/2 cwt. superphosphate	38	35-1/2	20
275 lb. nitrate of soda	26-3/8	31-5/8	11-1/8
275 lb. nitrate of soda, 200 lb. sulphate potash, 100 lb. sulphate soda, 100 lb. sulphate magnesia, and 3-1/2 cwt. superphosphate	28-1/2	34-1/8	14

TABLE VIII.—Experiments on Root Crops: Swedish Turnips.

Fifteen Seasons, 1856-70.¹ Roots and Leaves carted off the Land.

		Series 1.

		Standard manures
		only.




	STANDARD MANURES.

Plots.
		Roots.		Leaves.
		Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.
1	Farmyard manure, 14 tons	6	4	0	17
2	Farmyard manure, 14 tons, and superphosphate	6	7	0	16

3	Without manure, 1846, and since	0	11	0	3
4	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate potash, soda, and magnesia, 1856-60	2	16	0	8
5	Superphosphate, each year	2	12	0	9
6	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate potash, 1856-60	2	7	0	7
7	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate, potash, and 36-1/2 lb. ammonium salts, 1856-60	2	12	0	7

8	Unmanured 1853, and since; previously part unmanured; part superphosphate	1	3	0	4
Note.—Sulphate of ammonia is estimated to contain 23 per cent ammonia, and muriate of ammonia 27 per cent. Ammonium salts, in each case, equal parts sulphate and muriate of ammonia of commerce; and the mixture is estimated to contain 25 per cent ammonia. The 328 lb. nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.35) mixed with sawdust, and used as a cross-dressing on the plots of Series 2 from 1856-60, were estimated to contain nitrogen = 50 lb. ammonia.

¹The crops of 1859 and 1860 failed, and were ploughed in; but as the manures were applied, and there would be accumulation with the soil for the succeeding crops, the average produce is calculated as for fifteen years—that is, the produce of the thirteen years is, in each case, divided by 15.

TABLE VIII.—continued

		Series 2.				Series 3.

		Standard manures,				Standard manures,
		and cross-dressed with—				and cross-dressed with—
		5 years, 1856-60,				5 years, 1856-60,
		3000 lb. sawdust, and				200 lb. ammonium
		328 lb. nitric acid.				salts.

	STANDARD MANURES.	10 years, 1861-70,				10 years, 1861-70,
		550 lb. nitrate soda.				400 lb. ammonium salts.
Plots.
		Roots.		Leaves.		Roots.		Leaves.
		Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.
1	Farmyard manure, 14 tons	7	9	1	2	8	8	1	4
2	Farmyard manure, 14 tons, and superphosphate	7	13	1	3	8	5	1	5
3	Without manure, 1846, and since	0	19	0	4	0	13	0	3
4	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate potash, soda, and magnesia, 1856-60	5	2	0	16	4	12	0	14
5	Superphosphate, each year	4	13	0	18	3	16	0	15
6	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate potash, 1856-60	4	11	0	14	4	5	0	13
7	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate, potash, and 36-1/2 lb. ammonium salts, 1856-60	4	13	0	14	4	12	0	14
8	Unmanured 1853, and since; previously part unmanured; part superphosphate	1	13	0	5	1	2	0	5

TABLE VIII.—continued

		Series 4.				Series 5.

		Standard manures,				Standard manures,
		and cross-dressed with—				and cross-dressed with—
		5 years, 1856-60,				5 years, 1856-60,
		200 lb. ammonium salts,				3000 lb. sawdust.
		and 3000 lb. sawdust.

	STANDARD MANURES.	10 years, 1861-70,				10 years, 1861-70,
		400 lb. ammonium salts,				2000 lb. rape-cake.
Plots.		and 2000 .b. rape-cake.
		Roots.		Leaves.		Roots.		Leaves.
		Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.	Tons.	cwt.
1	Farmyard manure, 14 tons	8	16	1	9	8	0	1	4
2	Farmyard manure, 14 tons, and superphosphate	8	14	1	9	7	16	1	2
3	Without manure, 1846, and since	3	6	0	14	3	8	0	13
4	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate potash, soda, and magnesia, 1856-60	6	12	1	5	5	8	0	17
5	Superphosphate, each year	5	16	1	7	5	0	0	19
6	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate potash, 1856-60	6	6	1	2	5	3	0	16
7	Superphosphate, each year; sulphate, potash, and 36-1/2 lb. ammonium salts, 1856-60	6	15	1	4	5	9	0	17
8	Unmanured 1853, and since; previously part unmanured; part superphosphate	3	19	0	18	3	14	0	19

TABLE IX.—Experiments on Mangel-Wurzel.

Average of Sixteen Seasons, 1876-92. Manures per Acre per Annum.