Manures and the principles of manuring

by Charles Morton Aikman

(From Dr Fream's 'Soils and their Properties,' p. 62.)

			Nitrogen per
			million, as		Total
				Nitric	Nitrogen
	Year.	Rainfall.	Ammonia.	Acid.	per acre.
					lb.
Kuschen	1864-65	11.85	0.54	0.16	1.86
Kuschen	1865-66	17.70	0.44	0.16	2.50
Insterburg	1864-65	27.55	0.55	0.30	5.49
Insterburg	1865-66	23.79	0.76	0.49	6.81
Dahme	1865	17.09	1.42	0.30	6.66
Regenwalde	1864-65	23.48	2.03	0.80	15.09
Regenwalde	1865-66	19.31	1.88	0.48	10.38
Regenwalde	1866-67	25.37	2.28	0.56	16.44
Ida-Marienhütte,
mean of six years	1865-70	22.65	—	—	9.92
Proskau	1864-65	17.81	3.21	1.73	20.91
Florence	1870	36.55	1.17	0.44	13.36
Florence	1871	42.48	0.81	0.22	9.89
Florence	1872	50.82	0.82	0.26	12.51
Vallombrosa	1872	79.83	0.42	0.15	10.38
Montsouris, Paris	1877-78	23.62	1.91	0.24	11.54
Montsouris, Paris	1878-79	25.79	1.20	0.70	11.16
Montsouris, Paris	1879-80	15.70	1.36	1.60	10.52
	Mean of
	22 years	27.63	—	—	10.23

NOTE II. (p. 122).

Nitrogen in Soils at Various Depths.

(1) Rothamsted Soils.

Depth.	Arable soil.		Old pasture soil.
	per cent.	lb. per acre.	per cent.	lb. per acre.
1st 9 inches	0.120	3,015	0.245	5,351
2d 9 inches	0.068	1,629	0.082	2,313
3d 9 inches	0.059	1,461	0.053	1,580
4th 9 inches	0.051	1,228	0.046	1,412
5th 9 inches	0.045	1,090	0.042	1,301
6th 9 inches	0.044	1,131	0.039	1,186
Total, 54 inches	—	9,554	—	13,143
7th 9 inches	0.042	1,049	—	—
8th 9 inches	0.041	1,095	—	—
9th 9 inches	0.044	1,173	—	—
10th 9 inches	0.043	1,076	—	—
11th 9 inches	0.043	1,112	—	—
12th 9 inches	0.045	1,198	—	—
Total, 9 feet	—	16,257	—	—

(2) Manitoba Soils.

Depth.	Brandon.	Niverville.	Winnipeg.	Selkirk.
	per cent.	per cent.	per cent.	per cent.
1st foot	0.187	0.261	0.428	0.618
2d foot	0.109	0.169	0.327	0.264
3d foot	0.072	0.069	0.158	0.076
4th foot	0.019	0.038	0.107	0.042

NOTE III. (p. 130).

Nitrogen as Nitrates in Cropped Soils receiving no Nitrogenous Manure, in Lb. per Acre (Rothamsted Soils).