A history of England - Charles Oman

INDEX.

Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), treaty of, [510]
Abdullah, the Khalifa, crushed by Lord Kitchener, [726]
Abercrombie, Sir Ralph, his victories in Egypt, [594]
Aberdeen, Lord, joins the Whigs, [667];
prime minister, [681];
engages in Crimean war, [684];
resigns, [689]
Abyssinian war, the, [705], [706]
Acre, captured by Richard I., [117];
besieged by Bonaparte, [592];
taken by the English, [661]
Addington, Henry, prime minister, [596];
resigns, [603];
frames the "Six Acts," [640];
resigns again, [641]
Adrian IV., Pope, grants Ireland to Henry II., [99]
Aelfthryth, Queen, murders Edward the Martyr, [52]
Aella, South Saxon king, [15]
—, Northumbrian king, slain by Danes, [36]
Aethelbald, King of Wessex, [36]
Aethelbert, King of Kent, [23];
converted by Augustine, [24]
—, King of Wessex, [36]
Aethelflaed, daughter of Alfred, subdues the Danes, [45]
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria, [19]
Aethelred, King of Wessex, defeats the Danes, [37]
— the Redeless, [52];
raises Danegelt, [53];
deposed and recalled, [54]
Aethelstan, King of England, [45];
beats the Danes at Brunanburgh, [46]
Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, [34];
his Danish wars, [35], [36]
Afghan war, the first, [724], [725];
the second, [733]
Africa, S., English in, [724], [725], [727-733], [752-754]
Agincourt, battle of, [224]
Agricola, Julius, governor of Britain, [6]
Aidan, St., Bishop of York, [27]
Alabama, case of the, [697];
arbitration concerning, [707], [708]
Alberoni, Cardinal, aids Jacobites, [490]
Albert of Saxe-Coburg (the Prince Consort) marries Queen Victoria, [661]
Albuera, battle of, [620]
Alcuin at court of Charles the Great, [29]
Alexander II., Pope, encourages William I. to invade England, [62]
Alexander III., Pope, reconciled with Henry II., [109]
— VI., Pope, [289]
Alexander I. of Russia, [595];
his wars with Napoleon, [608], [610], [623], [624]
— II. of Russia, his war with England, [690];
conquers Turkey, [710]
Alfred, his wars with the Danes, [37], [39];
his government, [40-42];
greatness of, [43]
—, son of Aethelred II., murdered, [56]
Alma, battle of the, [685]
Almanza, battle of, [470]
America, English explorers in, [333];
English settlements in, [361];
wars with French in, [511], [519-521], [527-529].
See under Canada and United States
American Colonies, disputes with the, [540-544]
— war of Independence, [546-552]
Amherst, Lord, Viceroy of India, [739]
Amiens, Mise of, [141]
—, Peace of, [596]
Angles, settlements of, in Britain, [14-16]
Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., [207]
— Neville, married to Prince Edward, [257];
married to Richard III., [263];
death of, [269]
— Boleyn, marries Henry VIII., [294];
divorced and executed, [300]
— of Cleves, married to and divorced by Henry VIII., [304]
—, Queen, [461];
ruled by Lady Churchill, [461];
dismisses her, [475];
death, [480]
—, Duchess of Brittany, [274-275]
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, [84];
withstands William II., [85];
disputes with Henry I., [89]
Anson, Commodore, voyage of, [511]
Antoninus, wall of, [8]
Appellants, Lords, rising of, [208];
punished by Richard II., [210]
Aquitaine, united to England by Henry II., [97];
rebellions in, [109], [121], [139];
seized by Philip the Fair, [163];
recovered, [168];
enlarged by Edward III., [194];
falls away, [198];
lost by Henry VI., [244]
Arabi Pasha stirs up rebellion in Egypt, [713]
Argyle, Archibald, Earl of, leader of the Covenanters, [395];
execution of, [421]
—, Archibald, Marquis of, rebellion and execution of, [437]
—, John, Duke of, at death-bed of Queen Anne, [480];
wins battle of Sheriffmuir, [489]
Armada, the Spanish, [337-339]
Armagnac faction in France, [218], [222], [226]
Armed Neutrality, the, [595]
Arthur, legendary hero of Britain, [13]
— of Brittany, [111];
his claims on England, [122];
murdered by John, [124]
—, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VII., marriage and death of, [280]
Asaf-ud-Dowlab, Nawab of Oude, his dealings with Warren
Hastings, [568], [569]
Ashdown, battle of, [37]
Assaye, battle of, [604]
Auckland, Lord, Viceroy of India, his Afghan war, [740], [741]
Augustine, St., converts Kent, [23], [24]
Aulus Plautius, Roman general, [5]
Austerlitz, battle of, [608]
Australia, British settlement in, [565];
history of the colonies of, [750-752]
Austria, allied to William III., [447];
engages in war of Spanish Succession, [463], [477];
aided by England, [500-510];
wars of, with Frederic the Great, [522-537];
with French Republic, [579-594];
with Napoleon, [608-625];
wars of, in Italy, [670], [695];
with Prussia, [705]
Austrian Succession, war of the, [500]
Babington, Anthony, his plot against Elizabeth, [336]
Bacon, Francis, Lord Verulam, [343];
impeached, [359]
Baeda (Venerable Bede), [29]
Balaclava, battle of, [687]
Ball, John, Lollard preacher, [204], [206]
Balliol, Edward, wins and loses Scottish throne, [182], [183]
—, John, claims Scottish throne, [160];
his reign, [162], [163];
deposed by Edward I., [164]
Bank of England founded, [456];
panic at, in 1797, [586]
Bannockburn, battle of, [176]
Bantry Bay, French fleet at, [588]
Barbados colonized, [361]
Bareilly, battle of, [732]
Barnet, battle of, [258]
Barons' war, the, [141-145]
Bartholemew, St., Massacre of, [332]
Bastille, storming of the, [576]
Bastwick, John, cruel sentence on, [369]
Bavaria, Charles, Elector of, claimant for the empire, [500]
Bavaria, Joseph, Prince of, claims crown of Spain, [457], [458]
—, Maximilian, Elector of, defeated by Marlborough, [466]
Baylen, capitulation of, [614]
Beaufort, family of, [217].
See under Somerset, Dukes of
—, Cardinal, quarrels with Humphrey of Gloucester, [233];
advocates peace, [238];
dies, [240]
Beaugé, battle of, [229]
Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, [100];
quarrels with Henry II., [101], [102];
exiled, [103], [104];
murdered, [105]
Bedford, John, Duke of, regent of France, [231];
his victories, [233];
foiled by Jeanne d'Arc, [236], [237];
dies, [239]
—, Russell, Duke of, minister of George III., [538], [539]
Benevolences, raised by Edward IV., [261];
by Richard III., [269];
by Henry VIII., [288];
by Charles I., [364]
Bentinck, Lord George, leader of Protectionists, [667], [680]
—, Lord William, Governor-general of India, [739], [740]
—, William, Duke of Portland, [609]
Bermuda colonized, [361]
Bible translated into English, [302]
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, resists Edward I., [166]
Black Death, the, [189]
— Hole of Calcutta, the, [523]
— Prince, the. See Edward the Black Prince
Bladensburg, battle of, [627]
Blake, Admiral, defeats the Dutch, [409];
defeats Spaniards, [413]
Blenheim, battle of, [466], [467]
Blücher, Marshal, commands Prussians at Ligny and Waterloo, [628], [629]
Boadicea. See Boudicca
Boleyn. See Anne
Bolingbroke, Henry of. See Henry IV.
—, Henry St. John, Viscount of, minister under Queen Anne, [479];
Jacobite intrigues of, [480];
joins the Pretender, [486]
Bonaparte, Jerome, King of Westphalia, [610]
—, Joseph, King of Naples, [609];
of Spain, [613-625]
—, Louis, King of Holland, [609];
dethroned, [622]
—, Louis Napoleon. See Napoleon III.
—, Napoleon. See Napoleon I.
Bonner, Bishop, opposes Reformation, [308], [309];
persecutes Protestants, [319]
Boscawen, Admiral, wins victory of Lagos, [526]
Boston, riots in, [543], [545];
besieged and taken by Washington, [546], [547]
Bothwell Brig, battle of, [433]
—, James Hepburn, Earl of, murders Darnley, [327];
marries Mary, Queen of Scots, [328]
Boudicca, Queen, rebellion of, [6]
Bouvines, battle of, [128]
Boyne, battle of the, [451]
Bradshaw, John, regicide, [401]
Bramham Moor, battle of, [217]
Breda, Declaration of, [419]
—, Peace of, [428]
Bretigny, Treaty of, [194]
Bretwalda, meaning of title, [23]
Britain, early inhabitants of, [1];
conquered by Romans, [5]
Britons, occupy England and Wales, [2]
Brittany, under Henry II., [106];
wars of Edward III. in, [186];
of Henry VII. in, [274]
Broad Church Party, the, [677]
Brooklyn, battle of, [547]
Brougham, Henry Lord, chancellor, [648];
resigns, [657]
Bruce, Edward, King of Ireland, [177]
—, Robert, claims Scottish throne, [160];
slays Comyn, [168];
King of Scotland, [170];
wars with Edward II., [172-174];
victorious at Bannockburn, [176];
invades England, [177], [180]
Brunanburgh, battle of, [46]
Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, favourite of James I., [357];
his journey to Madrid, [360];
minister of Charles I., [363];
Rochelle expedition of, [364];
assassinated, [365]
—, George, Duke of, minister of Charles II., [428]
Buller, Sir R., defeats of, in S. Africa, [729], [730]
Bunker's Hill, battle of, [546]
Burgundy, Chas., Duke of, aids Edward IV., [258];
quarrels with him, [262]
—, Philip, Duke of, allied to the English, [228], [233];
joins the French, [238]
Burke, Edmund, advocates reform, [544];
speeches on French revolution, [577], [578];
joins Pitt, [580]
Burleigh, Robert Cecil, Lord, minister of Elizabeth, [326];
dies, [348]
Burmah, first war with, [739];
second war with, [743]
Bute, John, Earl of, minister of George III., [535];
concludes peace of Paris, [537];
resigns, [538]
Buxar, battle of, [566]
Byng, Admiral, George, wins battle of Cape Passaro, [490]
—, Admiral, John, fails at Minorca, [523];
executed, [523]
Byron, George, Lord, joins Greeks, [643]
Cabal, the, [428]
Cabinet government, beginning of, [483]
Cabul, British disaster at, [740], [741];
taken by General Roberts, [749]
Cade, Jack, rebellion of, [242]
Cadiz, Drake's expedition to, [337];
taken by Essex, [341]
Cæsar, Julius, invades Britain, [4]
Calais, captured by Edward III., [188];
lost under Mary, [321]
Calder, Admiral, defeats Villeneuve off Finesterre, [606]
Calendar, reform of the, [543]
Cambridge, Richard, Earl of, conspires against Henry V., [222]
Camden, battle of, [550]
Campeggio, Cardinal, Papal legate to Henry VIII., [291], [292]
Camperdown, battle of, [587]
Campo Formio, treaty of, [585]
Canada, French and English struggle for, [526], [529];
invaded by Americans, [626];
subsequent history of, [735]
Canning, George, his war-policy, [614];
takes office under Lord Liverpool, [641];
his foreign policy, [643];
prime minister, [644]
—, George, Lord, Governor-General of India, [744];
Viceroy, [748]
Cape Colony, annexed by Britain, [631];
subsequent history of, [752], [753]
Carausius, Emperor, in Britain, [11]
Carnatic, the, wars of Clive in, [518], [519];
annexed by Wellesley, [594]
Caroline of Anspach, Queen of George II., her influence, [495]
— of Brunswick, wife of George IV., [628];
quarrels with her husband, [641]
Carpenter, General, wins battle of Preston, [488];
of Glenshiel, [490]
Carteret, George Granville, Lord, minister of George II., [499];
his war-policy, [501];
at Congress of Worms, [502];
his fall, [503]
Cassivelaunus, British chief, [4]
Castlereagh, Viscount, reactionary policy of, [637];
frames the "Six Acts," [640];
commits suicide, [641]
Catesby, William, favourite of Richard III., [270];
executed, [271]
—, Thomas, frames Gunpowder Plot, [354]
Catherine of France, marries Henry V., [228]
— of Aragon, married to Arthur, Prince of Wales, [280];
to Henry VIII., [291];
divorced by him, [294]
— Howard, married to Henry VIII., [304];
divorced and executed, [305]
— Parr, married to Henry VIII., [305]
— of Portugal, Queen of Charles II., [425]
Cato Street conspiracy, [640]
Cawnpore, massacre at, [747];
battle of, [748]
Ceadda (St. Chad) converts Mercia, [27]
Ceawlin, King of Wessex, [18]
Cecil. See Burleigh and Salisbury
Celts conquer Britain, [2]
Cerdic, first King of Wessex, [16]
Cetewayo, Zulu king, conquered, [753]
Charles I., his journey to Madrid, [360];
accession of, [362];
character and policy of, [362-364];
his disputes with Parliament, [364-377];
misgovernment of, [366-370];
defeated by Scots, [371], [372];
engages in the Civil War, [379-396];
a prisoner, [396];
his intrigues, [396-399];
tried and executed, [401]
— II., in Scotland, [404];
defeated at Worcester, [405];
accession of, [420];
allied to France, [429];
unconstitutional rule of, [430-434];
dies, [435]
— Edward, Prince (the Young Pretender), invades Scotland, [504];
his successes, [505], [506];
defeated, [508];
dies, [509]
— V., King of France, his wars with England, [197], [198], [202]
— VI., King of France, miserable reign of, [218];
his madness, [228];
dies, [232]
— VII. of France, murders John of Burgundy, [228];
proclaimed king, [232];
crowned by Jeanne d'Arc, [235]
— VIII. of France, his wars with Henry VII., [274], [275]
— IX. of France, orders Massacre of St. Bartholomew, [332]
— X. of France, deposed, [647]
Charles V., Emperor, allied to Henry VIII., [286];
his wars in Italy, [291];
abdication of, [320]
— VI., Emperor (Archduke Charles), claims the Spanish crown, [458];
becomes Emperor, [477];
dies, [500]
— VII., Emperor, his wars with Austria, [500-502]
Charles II. of Spain, declares Philip of Anjou his heir, [458]
— III. of Spain, makes war on England, [535], [548]
— IV. of Spain, deposed by Napoleon, [613]
Charles XII. of Sweden, his dealings with Marlborough, [470];
supports the Jacobites, [490]
Charlotte, Princess, marriage and death of, [639]
Charter, the Great, [130], [131];
confirmed by Edward I., [166]
Chartist agitation, [660], [663], [670]
Chatham, first Earl of. See William Pitt
—, second Earl of, his expedition to Walcheren, [618]
Chicheley, Archbishop, urges war with France, [221]
Chillianwallah, battle of, [743]
China, first war with, [661];
second war with, [693]
Christianity, in early Britain, [13];
brought to the Saxons by Augustine, [23], [24];
in northern Britain, [25], [27]
Churchill. See Marlborough
Clarence, Edward of, Earl of Warwick, beheaded by Henry VII., [277]
—, George, Duke of, conspires against Edward IV., [256];
executed, [263]
—, Thomas, Duke of, slain at Beaugé, [229]
—, William, Duke of. See William IV.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, [102]
—, Edward Hyde, Lord, minister of Charles II., [425];
his fall, [428]
Claudius, Emperor, invades Britain, [5]
Claverhouse, John Graham of, Viscount Dundee, leads Scottish
Jacobites, [448]
Clement VII., Pope, his action on the divorce of Henry VIII., [291-294]
Clericis Laicos, the Bull, [165]
Clive, Robert Lord, his victories in British India, [519];
conquers Bengal, [530];
his second governorship in Bengal, [566]
Clyde, Colin Campbell, Lord, in Crimea, [684];
suppresses Indian Mutiny, [748]
Cnut, his war with Eadmund Ironside, [54];
his reign, [55]
Coalition Ministry, the, [558];
its fall, [559]
Cobden, Richard, Free Trader, [666]
Cobham's plot, [354]
Codrington, Admiral, wins battle of Navarino, [643]
Colonies, rise of, under Elizabeth, [341];
under James I., [361];
history of the. See under Canada, Australia, etc.
Columba, St., founds abbey of Iona, [26]
Commonwealth, the, proclaimed, [403];
history of the, [403-419]
Comyn, John, Regent of Scotland, [168];
slain by Bruce, [169]
Confirmatio Cartarum, the, [166]
Conservatives, name adopted by Tories, [656]
Consols, creation of the, [513]
Constance of Brittany, marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, [104]
Constantine, Roman emperor, [11]
—, King of Scots, [46]
Conventicle Act, the, [424]
Convention Parliament, the first, [421];
the second, [445]
Convention, the French, [579];
declares war on England, [581]
Cook, Captain, his discoveries, [752]
Coote, Sir Eyre, wins battle of Wandewash, [531];
battle of Porto Novo, [569]
Cope, Sir John, defeated at Prestonpans, [508]
Copenhagen, battle of, [595]
Coroners first instituted, [122]
Corn Laws, the, [635];
repeal of the, [667]
Cornwallis, Lord, his campaigns in America, [550], [551];
Governor-General of India, [571], [572];
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, [590]
Corporation Act, the, [424]
Corporations, reform of the, [654]
Cotton Famine, the, [697]
Courtenays, Earls of Devon. See Devon
Covenant, the Scottish, [371]
Covenanters, the, [371];
allied with Parliamentarians, [378];
risings of, in Scotland, [433];
join William of Orange, [448]
Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, counsels Henry VIII.'s divorce, [293];
favours Protestantism, [302];
compiles the Prayer-book, [309];
deposed by Mary, [316];
burnt, [320]
Crécy, battle of, [187], [188]
Crimea, invasion of, [685]. See Russian War
Cromwell, Oliver, member for Huntingdon, [365];
his ability as cavalry leader, [387];
at Marston Moor, [390];
at Naseby, [395];
wins battle of Preston, [400];
campaign in Ireland, [403];
campaign of Dunbar and Worcester, [405];
character, [406];
dissolves the Rump, [410];
his rule as Protector, [412], [416]
—, Richard, Protector, [416];
resigns, [417]
—, Thomas, minister of Henry VIII., [293];
favours reformers, [302];
disgraced and executed, [304]
Crusade, the first, [84];
the third, [111], [116]
Culloden, battle of, [508]
Cumberland, Ernest, Duke of, King of Hanover, [659]
—, George, Duke of, defeated at Fontenoy, [503];
wins battle of Culloden, [508];
defeated at Lawfeldt, [510];
capitulates at Closter-Seven, [525]
—, conquered by William II., [83]
Cumbria, kingdom of. See Strathclyde
Cunobelinus (Cymbeline), British king, [5]
Dalhousie, Lord, Governor-General of India, [743];
his annexations, [744]
Danby, Thomas Osborne, Lord, minister of Charles II., [431];
impeached, [431];
invites William of Orange, [442];
minister of William III., [455]
Danegelt, raised by Aethelred, [53];
by William I., [78];
abolished by Henry II., [101]
Danelagh, the, [40];
conquered by Edward the Elder, [45]
Danes, incursions of, [32];
settle in England, [35];
conquer Northumbria, [36];
conquer Mercia, [38];
wars of, with Alfred, [39], [41];
conquered by Edward the Elder, [45];
conciliated by Eadgar, [49], [50];
invade England under Swegen, [53];
oppose William I., [70]
Darien Scheme, the, [472]
David I., King of Scotland, aids Queen Matilda, [73]
— II., King of Scotland, expelled by Balliol, [182];
defeated at Neville's Cross, [189];
prisoner in England, [193];
released, [195]
Declaration of Right, the, [446]
Delhi, captured by British, [604];
siege of, during mutiny, [746];
Durbar at, [750]
Deorham, battle of, [18]
Derby, Edward Stanley, Earl of, prime minister in 1852, [680];
in 1858, [694];
in 1866, [703]
Dermot of Leinster, introduces English into Ireland, [107]
Derry, siege of, [450]
Derwentwater, Earl, Jacobite leader, [487-489]
Desmond, Garrett, Earl of, rebellion of, [346]
Despencer, Hugh, favourite of Edward II., [177-179]
Dettingen, battle of, [502]
Devon, John, Earl of, beheaded by Edward IV., [253];
Edward, Earl of, conspires against Queen Mary, [317]
Directory, proclaimed in France, [584];
fall of, [593]
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, leads Protectionists, [666], [667];
minister under Lord Derby, [680];
his Reform Bills, [694], [703];
prime minister, [705];
second ministry of, [709];
at Congress of Berlin, [711];
loses office, [712];
dies, [716]
Divine Right of kings, [351]
Domesday Book, [70-78]
Douglas, James, the Black, invades England, [180]
—, Archibald, Earl of, captured at Homildon, [216];
at Shrewsbury, [216]
Dover, riot at, [58];
naval battle of, [135];
treaty of, [429]
Drake, Sir Francis, his voyages, [334], [335];
expedition of Cadiz, [337];
to South America, [341]
Druids, the, [4]
Dudley, Edmund, minister of Henry VII., [273];
beheaded, [283]
—, Lord Guilford, marries Lady Jane Grey, [312];
beheaded, [318]
—. See Northumberland and Leicester
Dunbar, victory of Edward I. at, [164];
victory of Cromwell at, [405]
Dundee. See Claverhouse
Dunstan, Abbot of Glastonbury, his reforms, [47], [48];
exiled by Eadwig, [48];
archbishop and prime minister, [49];
exiled, [52]
Dupleix, his career in Southern India, [512], [518];
recalled, [519]
Eadgar, King of England, [48];
his prosperous reign, [49], [50]
— the Etheling, [61];
proclaimed king, [67];
risings in favour of, [69], [70]
Eadmund (St.), King of East Anglia, martyred by Danes, [36]
— I., King of England, his reign, [47]
— II., Ironside, his wars with Cnut, [54]
Eadred, King of England, his reign, [47]
Eadric Streona, favourite of Aethelred II., [53];
his treachery, [54], [55]
Eadric the Wild, his rebellion, [69]
Eadwig, King of England, his reign, [48]
Eadwine, King of Northumbria, [25];
slain at Heathfield, [26]
—, Earl of Mercia, [60], [63], [64];
rebels against William I., [71]
Ecclesiastical courts, founded by William I., [76];
claims of, urged by Becket, [101];
their powers restricted by Edward I., [150];
under Charles I., [369];
abolished, [374];
revived by James II., [440]
Ecclesiastical Titles Act, the, [679]
Ecgbert, King of Wessex, [31];
suzerain of all Britain, [32];
defeats the Danes, [34]
Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria, slain by the Picts, [29]
Edgehill, battle of, [383], [384]
Education Act, the, [707]
Edward the Elder, King of England, [44];
his victorious campaigns, [45]
— the Martyr, his reign and murder, [51]
— the Confessor, accession of, [57];
reign of, [58-61]
— I., at battle of Lewis, [142];
wins battle of Evesham, [146];
at the Crusades, [147];
King of England, [148];
character and policy of, [149-153];
conquers Wales, [153-157];
arbiter in Scotland, [159], [162];
war with France, [162];
his conflicts with the Church, [165];
with the barons, [165];
invades Scotland, [164], [168];
dies, [170]
— II. of Carnarvon, Prince of Wales, [157];
King of England, [171];
disastrous reign of, [173-178];
deposed and murdered, [179]
— III., King of England, [179];
crushes Mortimer, [181];
wins battle of Halidon Hill, [182];
his first war with France, [183-194];
contest with Parliament, [186];
misfortunes of his later years, [197-200]
— IV., Earl of March, leads Yorkists, [252];
proclaimed king, [253];
victorious at Towton, [254];
marriage of, [255];
his struggle with Warwick, [256], [257];
regains his throne, [258];
dies, [264]
— V., his short reign and death, [264-268]
— VI., birth of, [303]; accession of, [308];
his reign, [308-312];
dies, [313]
— the Black Prince, at Crécy, [188];
his victory at Poictiers, [191], [192];
his wars in Spain, [196];
long illness and death of, [197]
—, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI., born, [248];
married to Anne Neville, [257];
slain at Tewkesbury, [258]
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III., dies, [269]
Egypt, Bonaparte in, [591];
taken by English, [595];
English interference in, [661];
under Ismail, [709];
conquered by Lord Wolseley, [713], [714]
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of Henry II., [97];
incites her sons to rebellion, [109];
supports King John, [122], [123]
— of Provence, queen of Henry III., [136]
— of Castille, queen of Edward I., [148]
Eliot, Sir John, opposes Charles I., [365];
imprisoned, [366]
Elizabeth Woodville, marries Edward IV., [255];
claims regency, [264]
— of York, heiress of Edward IV., [269];
marries Henry VII., [273]
—, Queen, birth of, [294];
imprisoned by Mary, [320];
accession, [322];
religious policy of, [323-326];
troubles with Mary of Scotland, [327], [328];
foreign policy, [330];
her prosperous rule, [333];
war with Spain, [335], [341];
the "Elizabethan Age," [343-349];
her Irish policy, [345];
dies, [348]
—, daughter of James I., marries Elector Palatine, [358]
Ellenborough, Lord, Governor-General of India, [741]
Elliot, General, defends Gibraltar, [552]
Emancipation, Catholic, Pitt's scheme for, [590], [591];
vetoed by George III., [596];
again, [609];
granted by Wellington, [646]
Emmet, Robert, his rebellion, [603]
Empson, Richard, minister of Henry VII., [273];
beheaded by Henry VIII., [283]
English, coming of the, to Britain, [14];
social organization of the, [20], [21];
religion of the, [22];
receive Christianity, [23]
Enniskillen, siege of, [451]
Essex, kingdom of East Saxons, [16]
—, Robert Devereux, Earl of, his expedition to Cadiz, [341];
to Ireland, [347];
his intrigues and execution, [348]
—, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, his divorce, [356];
leader of Parliamentarians, [379];
at Edgehill, [383], [384];
at Newbury, [387];
capitulates at Lostwithiel, [392];
removed by "Self-denying Ordinance," [393]
—, Frances, Countess of, poisons Sir T. Overbury, [356]
Ethandun, battle of, [39]
Eugéne of Savoy, commands Austrian army, [463];
joins Marlborough before Blenheim, [456];
his campaigns in Italy, [469-470]
Eustace of Boulogne, [58]
Evesham, battle of, [145], [146]
Excise Bill of Walpole, [495]
Exclusion Bill, the, [433], [434]
Exeter, taken by West Saxons, [31];
taken by William I., [69];
besieged by Warbeck, [276]
—, Henry Courtenay, Marquis of, beheaded by Henry VIII., [301]
Eylau, battle of, [610]
Factory Acts, the, [675]
Fairfax, Ferdinand, Lord, Parliamentary general, [386]
—, Sir Thomas, besieged in Hull, [386];
wins battle of Nantwich, [390];
at Marston Moor, [391];
leader of the "New Model," [393];
wins Naseby fight, [395];
suppresses Royalist risings, [400];
refuses to try the king, [401];
resigns, [404]
Falkirk, victory of Edward I. at, [168];
of Charles Edward at, [508]
Falkland, Lord, slain at Newbury, [387]
Family compact, the, [496]
Fashoda difficulty, the, [726], [727]
Fawkes, Guy, his plot, [354]
Fenians, the, their outrages, [704], [705]
Fenwick, Sir John, conspires against William III., [456]
Ferdinand of Aragon, allied to Henry VII., [279], [280]
— of Brunswick, wins battle of Crefeldt, [526];
of Minden, [527]
— VII. of Spain, kidnapped by Napoleon, [613]
Ferozeshah, battle of, [742]
Feudalism, character of English, after the Conquest, [72]
Finan, St., Bishop of York, [27]
Fire, the Great, of London, [427]
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, executed by Henry VIII., [295]
Fitzgerald, Garrett, rebellion of, [346]
—, Lord Edward, heads "United Irishmen," [588];
slain, [589]
"Five Boroughs," the, of Mercia, [38], [39];
conquered by Edward the Elder, [44]
Five Mile Act, the, [424]
Flambard, Ralf, minister of William II., [84]
Flanders, alliance of Edward III. with, [184], [185];
English trade with, [195];
commercial treaty with, [279];
campaigns of Marlborough in, [468-472]
Fontenoy, battle of, [503], [504]
Formigny, battle of, [242]
Fornham, battle of, [110]
Forster, Thomas, leads Jacobite rising, [487];
defeated at Preston, [488]
"Forty-Five, the," [504-508]
Fox, Charles James, character of, [556];
his coalition with North, [557];
his India Bill, [558];
resigns, [559];
approves of French Revolution, [577], [581];
takes office with Grenville, [608];
dies, [609]
Francis I. of France, [286];
at Field of Cloth of Gold, [288];
wars of, with Henry VIII., [305]
Francis II. of France, married to Mary, Queen of Scots, [310]
Francis I., Emperor, [510]
— II., Emperor, makes war on France, [578];
surrenders imperial title, [608];
See under Austria
—, Sir Philip, his "Letters of Junius," [567];
opposes Warren Hastings, [570]
Fraternity, edict of, [579]
Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, goes on third crusade, [116]
— II. of Prussia, in war of Austrian Succession, [500], [502-510];
in Seven Years' war, [522], [537];
his victories of Rossbach and Leuthen, [525];
estranged from England, [537], [549]
— William III. of Prussia, his wars with Napoleon, [610], [631]
Free Trade, advocated by William Pitt, [563];
by Huskisson, [642];
by Peel, [666]
Frobisher, Martin, his voyages, [334]
Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, [620]
Fyrd, the old English militia, [42]
Gael, the, conquer Scotland and Ireland, [2]
Gage, General, besieged in Boston, [546]
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, imprisoned by Somerset, [309];
restored by Mary, [316]
Gates, General, defeats Burgoyne, [548];
defeated by Cornwallis, [556]
Gaveston, Piers, favourite of Edward II., [171];
slain, [174]
Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, son of Henry II., [106], [111]
— Plantagenet, Earl of Anjou, father of Henry II., [91], [93]
George I., his character and policy, [482];
his reign, [480-494]
— II., his quarrels with his father, [483];
accession, [495];
his campaigns in Germany, [501];
victorious at Dettingen, [502];
dies, [531]
— III., accession of, [532];
his character and policy, [533], [534];
his struggles with the Whigs, [533], [538], [541], [543];
his American policy, [549];
action on the India Bill, [549];
vetoes Catholic Emancipation, [596];
his madness, [596];
final quarrel with the Whigs, [609];
renewed madness, [622];
dies, [641]
— IV., character of, [564];
his regency, [622];
abandons the Whigs, [638];
accession of, [641];
his quarrels with Queen Caroline, [641];
dies, [647]
—, Prince of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne, deserts James II., [443];
his character, [461]
Gerberoi, battle of, [77]
Ghuznee, stormed by the English, [740]
Gibraltar, won by the English, [468];
great siege of, [532]
Ginckel, General, commander in Ireland, [452]
Gladstone, William E., a Peelite, [667];
Chancellor of the Exchequer, [698];
prime minister, [705];
his ministry, [706-709];
speeches on Bulgarian atrocities, [710];
second ministry of, [712-716];
introduces Home Rule, [717];
its rejection, [717];
his last ministry, [721];
fails to pass his second Home Rule Bill, [722];
dies, [726]
Glencoe, massacre of, [453]
Glenshiel, battle of, [490]
Gloucester, taken by the Saxons, [18];
besieged by Charles I., [387]
—, Gilbert (1) de Clare, Earl of, overthrows De Montfort, [145], [149]
—, Gilbert (2) de Clare, Earl of, slain at Bannockburn, [175]
—, Thomas, Duke of, rises against Richard II., [207];
dismissed from power, [209];
murdered, [210]
—, Humphrey, Duke of, Protector of Henry VI., [231];
his expedition to Hainault, [232];
his war-policy, [238], [239];
dies, [240]
—, Richard, Duke of. See Richard III.
—, William, Duke of, son of Queen Anne, dies, [459]
Glyndower, Owen, his rebellion against Henry IV., [214-216]
Goderich, Lord, prime minister, [644]
Godolphin, Lord, prime minister, [462];
his alliance with Marlborough, [472];
prosecutes Sacheverell, [474];
dismissed, [475]
Godwine, Earl of Wessex, [55], [56], [57];
exiled, [58];
restored, [59]
Gondomar, Spanish ambassador, [358]
Gordon, Lord George, stirs up riots in London, [551]
—, Charles George, General, his defence of Khartoum and
death, [714], [715]
Goring, George, Lord, Cavalier general, [390];
defeated by Fairfax, [396]
Gough, Hugh, Lord, commands against the Sikhs, [742], [743]
Grafton, Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of, his ministry, [539-541];
American policy of, [542]
Grand Remonstrance, the, [377]
Great Council, the, under William I., [75]
Greek war of independence, [642], [643]
Gregory I., Pope, sends Augustine to England, [23]
— VII., Pope, quarrel of, with William I., [76]
Grenville, George, prime minister, [538];
prosecutes Wilkes, [539];
his American policy, [539]
—, William, Lord, prime minister, [608];
defeated on Catholic question, [609];
abolishes slave-trade, [609]
Grey, Lady Jane, marries Guildford Dudley, [312];
proclaimed queen, [313];
imprisoned, [315];
executed, [317]
Grey, Charles, Lord, leader of Whigs, [638];
prime minister, [648];
carries Reform Bill, [650];
his Poor Law, [654];
resigns, [656]
—, John de, favourite of John, [125]
—, Lord Leonard, his conquests in Ireland, [302]
Griqualand, diamond-fields of, [753]
Guesclin, Bertram du, prisoner at Navarette, [196];
his successes, [198]
Gunpowder Plot, the, [354]
Guthrum, Danish chief, [37], [39];
his treaty with Alfred, [40]
Guzerat, battle of, [743]
Gwalior, stormed by British, [568];
battle of, [748]
Gwynedd, Welsh kingdom of, [18], [26], [59], [83];
conquered by Edward I., [156]
Habeas Corpus Act, passed, [433];
suspended by Pitt, [580]
Hadrian, Emperor, visits Britain, his wall, [7]
Haider Ali, his wars with the British, [568], [569]
Hale's Case, [439]
Halidon Hill, battle of, [182]
Hamilton, William, Duke of, invades England, [399];
defeated at Preston, [400]
Hampden, John, opposes Charles I., [365];
refuses to pay ship-money, [369];
killed at Chalgrove, [386]
Hampton Court Conference, the, [352], [353]
Hanover, House of, become kings of England, [482]
—, electorate of, overrun by French, [525];
separated from England, [659]
Harald Hardrada, slain at Stamford Bridge, [63]
Hardinge, Henry, Lord, Governor-General of India, [742]
Harfleur, siege of, by Henry V., [223]
Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford. See Oxford
Harold, son of Cnut, King of England, [56]
—, son of Godwine, minister of Edward the Confessor, [58];
his oath to William of Normandy, [59];
King of England, [61];
defeats Hardrada, [63];
slain at Hastings, [65]
Harthacnut, King of England, [56]
Hastenbeck, battle of, [525]
Hastings, battle of, [65]
—, Francis, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, his Pindaree
and Mahratta wars, [738], [739]
—, William, Lord, executed by Richard III., [266]
—, Warren, Governor-General of India, [567];
his Mahratta and Mysore wars, [569];
his impeachment and acquittal, [570], [571]
Havelock, General, at Cawnpore and Lucknow, [747], [748]
Hawke, Admiral, wins battle of Quiberon, [527]
Hawkins, Sir John, American explorer, [333]
Heathfield, battle of, [26]
Heavenfield, battle of the, [26]
Hedgely Moor, battle of, [255]
Heligoland, seized by British, [612];
secured by treaty of Vienna, [631]
Hengist the Jute, conquers Kent, [14], [15]
Hengistesdun, battle of, [34]
Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I., [363];
raises supplies for the royal army, [378]
Henry I., King of England, [84];
his wars with Robert of Normandy, [87];
quarrels with Anselm, [89];
dies, [92]
— II., declared heir of Stephen, [96];
his accession, [97];
his strong rule, [99];
quarrels with Becket, [100-105];
subdues Ireland, [108];
quells insurrection of his sons, [110], [111];
death, [113]
— III., King of England, [134];
his misgovernment, [137];
wars with France, [137];
his servility to the Pope, [138];
signs Provisions of Oxford, [140];
defeated and captured by de Montfort, [142];
restored to the throne, [146];
dies, [147]
— IV., plots against Richard II., [208];
exiled, [210];
seizes the crown, [211];
quells rebellion of Glyndower and Percy, [214-216];
dies, [219]
— V., at battle of Shrewsbury, [216];
his father's minister, [218];
accession of, [220];
persecutes Lollards, [221];
invades France, [222];
wins Agincourt, [224];
conquers Normandy, [227], [228];
master of Northern France, [229];
dies, [230]
— VI., King of England, [231];
his minority, [231-240];
weak rule of, [241-244];
his madness, [248];
in Wars of the Roses, [249-253];
imprisoned by Edward IV., [256];
restored to throne, [258];
murdered, [259]
— VII., Earl of Richmond, and heir of Lancaster, [260];
overthrows Richard III., [270], [271];
marries Elizabeth of York, [273];
suppresses Simnel and Warbeck, [274], [275];
his foreign policy, [277], [279];
dies, [281]
— VIII., wedded to Catherine of Aragon, [280];
character and policy of, [282];
his Scottish wars, [285];
his foreign policy, [288];
his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, [291-294];
quarrel with the Papacy, [292-295];
his religious changes, [297];
suppresses Pilgrimage of Grace, [301];
dissolves monasteries, [299-302];
his tyranny, [303-305];
later wars of, [305];
dies, [307]
Henry, son of Henry II., crowned king, [104];
rebels against his father, [109];
dies, [111]
—, Prince of Wales, son of James I., dies, [357]
—, Cardinal of York, the last of the Stuarts, [509]
Henry II., King of France, his wars with England, [310], [321]
— IV., King of France, aided by Elizabeth, [340]
— of Trastamara, King of Spain, his war with the Black Prince, [196]
Hereford, Roger Bohun, Earl of, quarrels with Edward I., [166]
—, Henry, Duke of. See Henry IV.
Heretico Comburendo, statute de, [215];
revived by Mary Tudor, [319]
Hereward the Wake, rebellion and submission of, [71]
High Commission, court of, arbitrary acts of, [369], [370];
abolished, [374];
revived by James II., [440]
Hexham, battle of, [255]
Hoche, General, his attempts on Ireland, [588]
Hogue, La, battle of, [454]
Hohenlinden, battle of, [593]
Holkar state, the, made vassal to the British, [739]
Holland, Henry, Earl of, executed, [401]
—, John and Thomas, [202];
rebel against Henry IV., [214]
—, rebels against Philip of Spain, [330];
aided by Elizabeth, [332], [335];
aids England against the Armada, [339];
shelters Royalists, [408];
wars with Cromwell, [409], [410];
wars of, with Charles II., [426], [430];
invaded by Lewis XIV., [430];
in war of the Spanish Succession, [463-476];
makes war on George III., [548];
conquered by French republicans, [584];
at war with England, [586], [587];
annexed by Napoleon, [622];
restored to House of Orange, [632];
coerced by England in 1830, [656]
Holy Alliance, the, [643]
Home Rule, party in Ireland headed by Parnell, [709], [712];
bill for, proposed by Mr. Gladstone, [717];
second bill for, rejected, [722]
Homildon Hill, battle of, [215]
Honorius, Emperor, evacuates Britain, [12]
Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester, martyred, [319]
Horsa, Jutish leader, [14], [15]
Hotham, Sir John, repels Charles I. from Hull, [379]
Howard, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII., executed, [304]
—, Lady Frances, her crime and trial, [356]
— of Effingham, Charles, Lord, defeats Armada, [338], [339]
Howe, General, wins battle of Brooklyn, [547];
takes Philadelphia, [548]
Howe, Richard, Lord, defeats the French fleet, [582]
Hubba, Danish chief, [36], [38]
Humble Petition and Advice, the, [415]
Hundred Days, the, [628]
—, Ordinance of the, [50]
— years' war, the, [183]
Huskisson, William, president of the Board of Trade, [641];
his commercial policy, [642];
dismissed by Wellington, [645];
death of, [653]
Hyde, Anne, marries James, Duke of York, [425]
Imperial Federation, [756]
Impey, Sir Elijah, condemns Nuncomar, [567]
Income tax, origin of the, [663]
Independence, American, declaration of the, [547]
Independents, the, their disputes with the Presbyterians, [397];
offer terms to Charles I., [399];
in power, [401]
India, first English trade to, [341];
Mogul empire in, [511];
first struggle of French and English in, [512];
Clive and Dupleix in, [518], [519];
English disasters in, [523];
conquests of English in, [529], [530];
governed by Clive and Warren Hastings, [566-570];
governed by Cornwallis, [571-573];
by Lord Wellesley, [594];
conquests of Lake and Wellesley in, [603], [604];
later history of, [735-749];
Indian Mutiny, the, [745]
Indulgence, the Declaration of, [430]
Ingwar, Danish chief, [36]
Inkerman, battle of, [688]
Innocent III., Pope, his quarrel with King John, [125];
John does homage to him, [132]
Instrument of Government, the, [412]
Investitures, contest about, [90]
Ionian Islands, the, ceded to Britain, [631]
Ireland, conquered by the Gaels, [2];
attacked by Norsemen, [34];
expedition of Strongbow to, [107];
does homage to Henry II., [108];
rebels against Edward II., [177];
expedition of Richard II. against, [211];
ruled by Earl of Kildare, [280];
conquests of Henry VIII. in, [302];
conquests of Elizabeth in, [345];
rebellions of Desmond and Tyrone, [346], [347];
Ulster colonized by James I., [361];
rule of Stafford in, [368];
the great rebellion, [376];
intrigues of Charles I. in, [389];
subdued by Cromwell, [403], [404];
James II.'s dealings with, [449];
conquered by William of Orange, [451], [452];
the Volunteers secure Home Rule for, [551], [552];
discontent in, [587];
the rebellion of '[98], [590], [591];
the Union with England, [591];
Emmet's rebellion, [603];
O'Connell's agitation for Catholic Emancipation, [646];
the Repeal movement, [648];
the tithe war, [656];
the Young Ireland party, [664];
the potato famine, [668];
Smith O'Brien's rising, [669];
Fenianism, [704];
Gladstone's Irish Church Bill, [706];
his Land Act, [706];
the Home Rule agitation, [709];
the Irish parliamentary party, [715];
dealings of the second Gladstone cabinet with Ireland, [716];
Home Rule promised to, by Gladstone, [717];
rejected, [718];
second Home Rule Bill rejected, [722]
Ireton, Henry, Parliamentary general, [404]
Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., [179];
deposes him, [180];
imprisoned by her son, [181]
Jacobins, in France, [581];
their atrocities, [582], [583]
Jacobites, the, their strength, [448], [449];
conspire against William of Orange, [456];
intrigues of, at death of Queen Anne, [479];
raise the rebellion of 1[715], [486], [487];
raise the rebellion of 1[745], [504], [505];
gradual decay of, [509], [534]
Jacquerie, the, [193]
Jamaica taken by Cromwell, [415]
James I., becomes King of Scotland, [328];
accession to English throne, [350];
his character, [351];
religious policy, [352];
disputes with the Commons, [355];
subservience to Spain, [357];
ruled by his favourites, [356-358];
dies, [361]
— II., attacked, in Exclusion Bill, [431];
his accession, [436];
character and policy, [437-439], [440];
his tyranny, [441-443];
his panic at invasion of William, [443];
flies to France, [444];
his campaign in Ireland, [450], [451];
dies, [460]
—, Prince of Wales, the Old Pretender, his birth, [441];
proclaimed king by Lewis XIV., [460];
strict Romanism of, [478];
his campaign in Scotland, [489]
James I. of Scotland, captured by Henry IV., [218];
returns to Scotland, [232]
— IV. of Scotland, aids Perkin Warbeck, [276];
slain at Flodden, [285]
— V. of Scotland, his wars with Henry VIII., [305]
— VI. of Scotland. See James I. of England
Jameson, Dr., his piratical raid, [725]
Jane Grey, Lady, her reign, [313];
her execution, [317]
Jane Seymour, queen of Henry VIII., [300];
dies, [302]
Jeanne d'Arc, raises siege of Orleans, [235];
crowns Charles VII., [236];
captured and burnt, [237]
Jeffreys, Judge, his Bloody Assize, [438];
Lord Chancellor, [439]
Jelalabad, siege of, [741]
Jena, battle of, [610]
Jenkins, Captain, his ear, [496]
Jervis, Admiral, wins battle of Cape St. Vincent, [587]
Jesuit intrigues against Elizabeth, [334]
Jews, persecution of, [115];
expelled from England by Edward I., [152]
John, made lord of Ireland, [111];
conspires against his father, [113];
intrigues against his brother Richard, [119];
King of England, [122];
loses his continental dominions, [124];
his quarrel with the Pope, [125];
with the baronage, [128];
signs Magna Carta, [130];
war with the barons, [132];
dies, [133]
— of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III., [195];
commands in France, [198];
favours the Lollards, [200];
rules for Richard II., [202];
invades Spain, [207];
dies, [210]
—, King of France, his war with England, [190];
captured at Poictiers, [192];
released, [194]
Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain. See Bonaparte
Josephine, Empress, divorced by Napoleon, [619]
Jumièges, Robert of, Archbishop of Canterbury, expelled by Godwine, [85]
Junius, letters of, [544], [567]
Junot, General, invades Portugal, [611];
defeated at Vimiero, [617]
Jutes, the, conquer Kent, [14], [15]
Kaffir wars, [753]
Kenilworth, dictum of, [147]
Kenneth McAlpine, first King of Scotland, [47]
Kent, kingdom of, founded by Hengist, [15];
converted to Christianity, [24];
annexed to Wessex, [31]
—, Edmund, Earl of, executed, [181]
—, Edward, Duke of, father of Queen Victoria, [639]
—, Thomas Holland, Earl of, [202];
rising and death of, [214]
Ker, Robert. See Somerset
Ket, Robert, rebellion of, [310]
Kildare, Gerald, Earl of, [280]
Killiecrankie, battle of, [449]
Kilsyth, battle of, [395]
Kilwarden, Ld., murdered by Emmet, [603]
King's Friends, the, [534]
Kinsale, battle of, [347]
Kirke, Colonel, his cruelty, [438]
Kitchener, Herbert, Lord, destroys the Mahdists of the Soudan, [725];
commands in South Africa, [732]
Kruger, Paul, President of Transvaal, his policy, [724], [725];
declares war on England, [727], [728];
flies to Europe, [731]
La Fayette, defeated by Cornwallis, [552]
Labourers, statute of, [190]
Ladysmith, siege and relief of, [728-730]
Lagos, battle of, [526]
Lake, Gerald, Lord, his victories in India, [604]
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, opposes Gaveston, [173];
government of, [176];
overthrown by Edward II., [178]
—, John of Gaunt, Duke of. See John
—, House of. See Henry IV., V., VI.
Landen, battle of, [454]
Land League, the, in Ireland, [715]
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, [75];
dies, [84]
Langton, Stephen, made Archbishop by Innocent III., [126];
his patriotism, [128];
draws up Magna Carta, [130]
Lansdowne, battle of, [386]
Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, martyred, [319]
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, his policy, [367];
his Court of High Commission, [369];
attempts to force Episcopacy on Scotland, [370];
impeached, [373];
executed, [393]
Laudabiliter, the Bull, [99]
Lawrence, Sir John, defends the Punjab, [746]
Leicester, stormed by Charles I., [394]
—, Robert Dudley, Earl of, favourite of Elizabeth, [324];
his expedition to Holland, [335];
dies, [348]
—, Simon de Montfort, Earl of, rules Guienne, [139];
heads baronage against Henry III., [140];
victorious at Lewes, [142];
his rule, [143-145];
slain at Evesham, [146]
Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [55]
Leofwine, brother of Harold, slain at Hastings, [65]
Leopold of Austria, his quarrel with Richard I., [117];
imprisons him, [118]
— of Saxe-Coburg, marries Princess Charlotte, [639];
King of Belgium, [656]
Levellers, rising of the, [403]
Lewes, battle of, [142]
—, Mise of, [143]
Lewis VII. of France, wars of, with Henry II., [100], [109]
— VIII. of France, elected King of England, [132];
expelled from England, [135]
— IX. of France, defeats Henry III. at Taillebourg, [137];
arbitrator between Henry and the barons, [141]
— XI. of France, aids Margaret of Anjou, [254], [255];
his treaty with Edward IV., [262]
— XII. of France, his wars with Henry VIII., [284];
marries Mary of England, [284]
— XIII. of France, war of Charles I. with, [364], [365]
— XIV. of France, his aggressive policy, [429], [447];
signs treaty of Ryswick, [455];
renews war with England, [463];
disastrous struggle of, with Marlborough, [466-476];
signs treaty of Utrecht, [476]; dies, [486]
Lewis XV. of France, joins Family Compact, [496];
makes war on Maria Theresa, [501], [503];
engages in Seven Years' War, [522]
— XVI. of France, aids American rebels, [548];
summons States-General, [574];
his flight to Varennes, [578];
execution, [581]
— XVIII. of France, restored to throne, [622];
expelled by Bonaparte, [628];
second restoration of, [631]
Limerick, siege of, [452]
Lincoln, taken by Edward the Elder, [45];
battle of, [134]
—, Abraham, President of the United States, [696]
—, John de la Pole, Earl of, declared heir of Richard III., [269];
rebels against Henry VII., [273];
slain at Stoke, [274]
Lindsey, Lord, Royalist general, [382]
Lisle, Alice, Lady, executed, [438]
Liverpool, Robert Jenkinson, Earl of, prime minister, [622];
reactionary policy of, [637];
dealings with Reform agitation, [640];
takes Canning into partnership, [641];
retires, [644]
Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, [143];
defeated by Edward I., [155];
last rebellion and death of, [156]
Locke, John, persecuted by Charles II., [440]
Lollards, followers of Wicliffe, [199];
communistic doctrines of, [203];
power of, [209];
persecuted by Henry IV., [219];
by Henry V., [220]
London, sacked by Boadicea, [6];
taken by East Saxons, [16];
taken by Danes, [38];
besieged by Swegen, [54];
taken by William the Conqueror, [67];
receives a charter from Henry I., [88];
expels Queen Matilda, [95];
Longbeard's riots in, [121];
sides with the barons, [142];
opposes Charles I., [381];
Great Plague of, [427];
Great Fire of, [427];
Gordon riots in, [551];
Parliamentary reform in, [650];
riots in, [639];
Chartists in, [670]
Londonderry. See Derry
Long Parliament, the. See Parliament
Longchamp, William, justiciar of Richard I., [115];
expelled from England, [119]
Lovel, Francis, Lord, favourite of Richard III., [270];
rebellion and death of, [273], [274]
Lucknow, relieved by Havelock, [747];
taken by Lord Clyde, [748]
Ludford, rout of, [249]
Luther, Martin, preaches against papal abuses, [290]
Luxembourg, Marshal, wins battles of Steenkerke and Landen, [454]
Macbeth, crimes and death of, [59]
Madoc, of Wales, rebellion of, [157], [163]
Madras, English factory at, taken by Dupleix, [512];
presidency of, [594]
Magersfontein, battle of, [729]
Magna Carta, its provisions, [130], [131]
Mahdi, the war with, [714], [715];
his followers crushed, [726]
Mahrattas, the rise of, [511];
war of Hastings with, [568];
war of Wellesley with, [604];
conquered by Lord Hastings, [738], [739]
Major-Generals, Cromwell governs England by, [413]
Malcolm Canmore, wars of, with William I., [70];
with William II., [82], [83]
Malplaquet, battle of, [471]
Malta, captured by British, [594];
quarrels with Bonaparte about, [600]
Mal-tolt levied by Edward I., [166];
by Edward III., [185]
Manchester, Edward Montagu, Earl of, Parliamentary general, [387];
at Marston Moor, [390];
at Newbury, [392];
removed from command, [393]
Manchester massacre, the, [639], [640]
Maori wars, the, [752]
Mar, John, Earl of, raises Jacobite rising, [487];
at Sheriffmuir, [489]
Marat, Jacobin leader, [581]
March, Edmund, Earl of, heir to Richard II., [212];
proclaimed king, [216];
released by Henry V., [220]
—, Roger, Earl of, slain in Ireland, [211]
Marengo, battle of, [503]
Margaret, St., wife of Malcolm Canmore, [70], [83]
—, the "Maid of Norway," [158]
— of Anjou, marries Henry VI., [240];
heads the Lancastrians, [240], [241];
her alliance with Warwick, [257];
defeated at Tewkesbury, [258]
— of York, marries Charles the Rash, [256];
suborns Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck, [273-275]
Maria Louisa, wife of Napoleon I., [619]
Maria Theresa, war of succession of, [500-510];
her attack on Frederic II., [521], [522]
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, deserts James II., [443];
Jacobite intrigues of, [453];
his power under Queen Anne, [462];
his military and diplomatic genius, [464];
victorious campaigns of, [464-471];
superseded and disgraced, [475];
dies, [484]
—, Sarah, Duchess of, her ascendency over Queen Anne, [462];
disgraced, [475]
Marmont, Marshal, defeated at Salamanca, [624]
Marston Moor, battle of, [390]
Martin Mar-prelate, tracts of, [344]
Mary I., Queen of England, [315];
crushes rebellion of Northumberland, [317];
marries Philip of Spain, [318];
her persecutions, [319];
war with France, [321];
death of, [321]
Mary of Modena, wife of James II., [441], [444]
Mary II., Queen, marries William of Orange, [431];
accession of, [445];
death of, [456]
Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII., her marriages, [284]
Mary, Queen of Scots, [305];
marries Francis of France, [310];
heiress to English crown, [326];
marries Darnley, [327];
marries Bothwell, [327];
imprisoned at Lochleven, [328];
escapes to England, [329];
her conspiracies against Elizabeth, [332-336];
executed, [336]
Maserfield, battle of, [27]
Masham, Mrs., favourite of Queen Anne, [475]
Massachusetts Government Act, [545]
Masséna, Marshal, defeated by Wellington, [619], [620]
Matilda of Scotland, queen of Henry I., [87]
Matilda, daughter of Henry I., her marriages, [91];
claims English throne, [93], [94];
defeated by Stephen, [95], [96]
Maurice of Saxony, wins the battle of Fontenoy, [503]
Mauritius annexed by England, [631]
Meanee, battle of, [741]
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commands the Armada, [337]
Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt, invades the Peloponnesus, [644];
his war with England, [661]
Mehidpore, battle of, [739]
Melbourne, William Lamb, Lord, joins Lord Grey's ministry, [648];
prime minister, [657-662]
Mellitus, Bishop of Rochester, [24]
Mercia, kingdom of, [17];
wars of, with Northumbria, [27];
supremacy of, [30], [31];
overrun by Danes, [37];
partitioned by treaty of Wedmore, [40]
Methodist movement, the, [516]
Militia, the (See Fyrd), reorganized by Edward I., [152];
control of, disputed between Charles I. and Parliament, [378]
Milner, Alfred, Lord, his policy in South Africa, [727]
Milton, John, secretary to Cromwell, [414], [415]
Minden, battle of, [527]
Minorca, ceded to Britain, [476];
taken by Duc de Richelieu, [523];
finally taken from Britain, [551]
Mir Jaffar, his treaty with Clive, [530]
Mir Kassim, his war with England, [560]
Mise of Amiens, [141]
Mise of Lewes, [143]
Mohammed Ali, Nawab of the Carnatic, [518];
restored by the British, [519];
dies, [566]
Monasteries, suppression of the lesser, [298], [299];
of the greater, [302], [303]
Monk, George, Governor of Scotland, [414];
restores Charles II., [418], [419];
commands fleet against Dutch, [426]
Monmouth, James, Duke of, wins battle of Bothwell Brig, [433];
his rebellion and execution, [437], [438]
Monopolies, abolished by Queen Elizabeth, [348];
favoured by Charles I., [368]
Montcalm, Marquis of, his successes in Canada, [523], [526];
defeated at Quebec, [528]
Montfort, Simon de. See Leicester
Montrose, James, Marquis of, defeats Covenanters in Scotland, [395];
defeated at Philiphaugh, [396];
executed, [404]
Moore, Sir John, General, in Spain, [615];
slain at Corunna, [616]
Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, [60], [63], [64];
rebels against William I., [71]
More, Sir Thomas, executed by Henry VIII., [295]
Moreau, General, defeats the Austrians at Hohenlinden, [593]
Mortimer, Roger, defeats Edward Bruce, [177];
exiled, [178];
his conspiracy with Queen Isabella, [178];
rules England, [180];
executed, [181]
Mortimer's Cross, battle of, [252]
Mortmain, statute of, [150]
Morton, Bishop of Ely, [270], [273]
Moscow, burning of, [624]
Murray, James, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, [328]
Mysore, wars of Warren Hastings with, [569];
of Cornwallis with, [571], [572];
of Wellesley with, [594]
Najara, battle of, [196]
Namur, taken by William III., [455]
Nana Sahib, commits massacre of Cawnpore, [747]
Napier, General Sir Charles, conquers Scinde, [741]
—, Admiral Sir Charles, [655]
—, Robert, Lord, of Magdala, invades Abyssinia, [705]
Napoleon I. (See Bonaparte), assumes title of Emperor, [604];
conquers Austria, [608];
conquers Prussia, [610];
his continental system, [611], [612];
campaign in Spain, [613-615];
campaign of Wagram, [619];
Russian campaign, [623];
defeated at Leipsic, [625];
first abdication, [626];
returns from Elba, [628];
the Hundred Days, [628-630];
second abdication, and exile to St. Helena, [631]
— III., Louis, President of French Republic, and Emperor, [671];
recognized by Palmerston, [672];
joins England in Crimean war, [683];
expels Austrians from Italy, [695];
his disastrous war against Germany, [707]
Naseby, battle of, [394]
Navarino, battle of, [643]
Navigation Acts, the, [409]
Nelson, Horatio, Lord, at battle of St. Vincent, [587];
wins battle of the Nile, [592];
wins battle of Copenhagen, [595];
pursues Villeneuve, [606];
dies victorious at Trafalgar, [609]
Nepaul War, the, [738]
Neville's Cross, battle of, [189]
New England settled by Puritans, [361]
New Model Army, the, formed by Fairfax and Cromwell, [393];
at Naseby, [395];
refuses to disband, [398];
seizes person of Charles I., [399]
New Orleans, battle of, [627]
New South Wales, colonized by British, [750];
later history of, [751]
New Zealand, colonized by British, [752]
Newburn, rout of, [372]
Newbury, first battle of, [387];
second battle of, [392]
Newcastle, William Cavendish, marquis of, his campaign in
Yorkshire, [386-389];
defeated at Marston Moor, [390]
—, Thomas Hollis, Duke of, minister of George II., [499-503];
his fall, [524];
takes office with Pitt, [524];
dismissed by George III., [536]
Newtown Butler, battle of, [451]
Nile, battle of the, [592]
Nithsdale, Earl of, Jacobite leader, [487];
escape of, from prison, [489]
Nizam, the, dealings of Clive and Dupleix with, [518];
becomes a vassal of the East India Company, [603], [604]
Nonconformists, rise of the, under Elizabeth, [344];
under James I., [352];
persecuted by Laud, [367];
legislation of Charles II. against, [423], [424];
intrigues of James II. with, [440];
legislation of Bolingbroke against, [479]
Non-jurors, the, [448]
Norfolk, settled by East Angles, [16]
—, Roger Bigod, Earl of, opposes Edward I., [166]
—, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of, a Lord Appellant, [208];
exiled by Richard II., [210]
—, John Howard, Duke of, favoured by Richard III., [265];
slain at Bosworth, [271]
—, Thomas Howard, Duke of, imprisoned by Henry VIII., [307];
released by Mary, [316]
—, Thomas Howard, Duke of, conspires against Elizabeth, [329];
executed, [332]
Norman Conquest, the, [67]
Normandy, Ethelred II. takes refuge in, [54];
relations of, with Edward the Confessor, [57], [58];
united to England, [67];
conquered by William II., [84];
conquered by Henry I., [90];
lost by John, [124];
conquered by Henry V., [227];
reconquered by the French, [242]
North, Frederick, Lord, minister of George III., [544];
his scheme for taxing America, [545];
brings on American war, [547];
resigns, [552];
takes office with Fox, [557];
dismissed by George III., [559]
Northampton, council of, [103];
battle of, [250]
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of, rebels against Henry IV., [216];
slain at Bramham Moor, [217]
—, Thomas Percy, Earl of, heads rising in the North, [329], [330]
—, John Dudley, Duke of, minister of Edward VI., [308];
Protector, [310];
proclaims Lady Jane Grey queen, [313];
executed, [315]
Northumbria, kingdom of, [17];
conversion of, [25];
supremacy of, in Britain, [27];
overrun by Danes, [36];
reconquered by Athelstan, [46]
Nova Scotia, ceded to England, [476];
joins Dominion of Canada, [755]
Nuncomar (Nandukumar) executed by Impey, [567]
Oates, Titus, invents Popish Plot, [432]
O'Brien, Smith, his rebellion, [669], [670]
O'Connell, Daniel, leader of Irish party, [646];
enters Parliament, [647];
his tithe war, [657], [658];
agitates for repeal, [658], [664];
his power declines, [664]
O'Connor, Feargus, Chartist leader, [660];
his abortive demonstration, [670]
Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury, [48]
Odo of Bayeux, regent for William I., [69];
imprisoned by William I., [77];
rebels against William II., [82]
Offa, King of Mercia, [30]
Oldcastle, Sir John, martyred, [221]
Olive Branch Petition, the, [547]
Omdurman, battle of, [726]
Omichund deceived by Clive, [530]
Orange, William I. of, leader of Dutch insurgents, [332];
assassinated, [335]
—, William II. of, marries Mary, daughter of Charles I., [409]
—, William III. See William III., King of England
Orange Free State, origin of the, [752];
declares war on England, [728];
annexed, [731]
Orangemen in Ireland, [589];
suppress the rebellion of '[98], [590]
Ordainers, the Lords, [173]
Orders in Council, the, [611]
Orleans, siege of, [234]
—, Philip of, regent of France, [486]
Ormond, James Butler, Marquis of, Lord Deputy of Ireland, aids Charles I., [389];
resists Cromwell, [402]
—, James Butler, Duke of, supersedes Marlborough, [477];
Jacobite intrigues of, [486]
Orsini question, the, [693]
Osbert, King of Northumbria, [36]
Oswald, St., King of Northumbria, [26]
Oswiu, King of Northumbria, slays Penda, [27];
at Synod of Whitby, [28]
Oude, wars of English with, [566];
dealings of Warren Hastings with, [568];
annexed, [744];
the mutiny in, [746]
Oudenarde, battle of, [470]
Overbury, Sir Thomas, poisoned by Countess of Essex, [356]
Oxford, Provisions of, [140];
Charles I. at, [383];
siege of, [396]
—, Robert Harley, Earl of, prime minister, [474];
concludes treaty of Utrecht, [476];
ousted by Bolingbroke, [479]
Paardeburg, battle of, [731]
Paine, Tom, [580]
Pale, the, [108], [177]
Palmerston, Henry Temple, Lord, joins Lord Grey's cabinet [648];
his foreign policy, [654] [661];
foreign secretary with Lord John Russell, [668];
dismissed, [672];
returns to office, [690];
his first premiership, [690-693];
his second premiership, [695-698];
dies, [699]
Pandulf, papal legate to King John, [127]
Papacy, first relations of England with, [24];
dealings of William I. with, [76];
quarrel of John with, [126], [127];
subservience of Henry III. to, [138];
Wicliffe and the, [199];
corruption of the, at Renaissance, [289];
quarrel of Henry VIII. with, [293];
Mary and the, [316];
quarrel of Elizabeth with the, [331]
Paris, taken by Henry V., [228];
recovered by the French, [239];
Peace of, [536];
taken by the allies in 1814, [625];
by Wellington in 1815, [631];
treaty of, [691]
Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, [323]
Parker, John, mutineer leader at the Nore, [586]
Parliament, the Mad, [140]; de Montfort's, [144];
assumes its permanent shape under Edward I., [153];
assumes control of royal revenue, [166];
withstands Edward III., [185];
the Good, [200];
the Merciless, [208];
its impotence under the Tudors, [288-292];
Elizabeth's dealings with, [348];
quarrels of, with James I., [355];
early strife of Charles I. with, [363-365];
the Short, [371];
the Long, [372];
its reforms, [374-377];
the Rump, [401];
Barebones', [410];
the Long restored, [418];
the first Convention, [421];
the Cavalier, [422];
the second Convention, [445];
Whig management of, [484], [485];
reform of, proposed by Pitt, [558].
See Reform Bill
Parnell, Charles Stuart, Irish leader, [712-715];
fall and death, [720], [721]
Partition treaties, the Spanish, [458]
Passaro, Cape, battle of, [490]
Patay, battle of, [236]
Patrick, St., apostle of Ireland, [13]
Paul III., Pope, excommunicates Henry VIII., [295]
—, Czar of Russia, his alliance with Bonaparte, [594];
murdered, [595]
Paulinus, first Bishop of York, [25]
Pedro the Cruel, of Castile, restored by the Black Prince, [196]
Peel, Sir Robert, home secretary, [641];
leader of Tories, [656];
prime minister, [662];
imposes income tax, [663];
converted to Free Trade, [666];
resigns, [667];
dies, [680]
Pelagius, heretic, [13]
Pelham, Henry, minister of George II., [499-503];
overthrows Carteret, [503];
converts National Debt, [513]
Pembroke, William Marshal, Earl of, regent for Henry III., [134]
—, Aymer de Valence, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, [170], [172];
conspires against Gaveston, [173]
Penda, King of Mercia, defeats Eadwine, [26];
defeats Oswald, [27];
slain by Oswiu, [27]
Peninsular War, the, [614-625]
Perceval, Spencer, minister of George III., [609];
assassinated, [622]
Percy, Henry (Hotspur), rebellion of, [215];
slain at Shrewsbury, [216]
—, Thomas, conspires with Fawkes, [354]
Persian war, the, [692]
Petition of Right, the, [366]
Petitioners and Abhorrers, [434]
Philip I. of France, aids rebels against William I., [77];
his war with William I., [79]
— II., Augustus, aids sons of Henry II., [112];
goes on third Crusade, [116];
his intrigues against Richard I., [119], [120];
supports Arthur of Brittany, [123];
conquers Normandy and Anjou, [124];
threatens to invade England, [127];
victorious at Bouvines, [128]
— IV., the Fair, his wars with Edward I., [162], [163], [168]
— VI. of France, his war with Edward III., [183];
defeated at Crécy, [187]
— II. of Spain, married to Queen Mary, [318];
proposes to marry Elizabeth, [324];
his plots against Elizabeth, [332-335];
sends out Armada, [337];
dies, [348]
— III. of Spain, his alliance with James I., [355], [358]
— IV. of Spain, and the Spanish marriages, [359]
— V. of Anjou, claims Spanish throne, [458];
acknowledged by England, [476]
Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III., saves burghers of
Calais, [189];
wins battle of Neville's Cross, [189]
Philiphaugh, battle of, [395]
Picts, northern tribes of Britain, [3];
ravage Roman Britain, [11];
united to Scots, [47]
Pilgrimage of Grace, the, [300]
Pindarees, the, [738]
Pinkie, battle of, [309]
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, attacks Carteret, [503];
his first ministry, [524];
alliance with Newcastle, [525];
warlike successes of, [526-531];
dismissed by George III., [535];
takes office with Grafton, [542];
made Earl of Chatham, [542];
last speech and death, [549]
—, William, the younger, takes office with Shelburne, [556];
his Reform Bill, [558];
prime minister, [559];
his wise rule, [501-505];
his India Bill, [571];
his attitude towards French Revolution, [579];
his war-policy, [581-584];
his Union of Ireland and England, [590];
forms coalitions against France, [593-603];
resigns, [595];
recalled to office, [603];
dies, [608]
Pius V., Pope, issues bull against Elizabeth, [331]
"Plan of Campaign," the, [718]
Plassey, battle of, [530]
Poictiers, battle of, [191]
Pole, Henry, Lord Montagu, executed by Henry VIII., [301]
—, Reginald, papal legate, [318];
Archbishop of Canterbury, [319];
dies, [321]
—, Michael de la, minister of Richard II., [207];
exiled, [208]
Pole de la. See under Suffolk and Lincoln, Earls of
Pondicherry, taken by the English, [531]
Poor Laws, of Queen Elizabeth, [342];
evil working of, [635], [636];
reform of, in 1834, [654]
Popish Plot, the, [432]
Portland, William Bentinck, Duke of, prime minister, [609]
Portobello, taken by Admiral Vernon, [499]
Portugal, joins in war of Spanish Succession, [463];
invaded by Junot, [612];
freed by Wellesley, [615] (see under Peninsular War);
civil wars in, [655]
Poynings' Act, [281];
repealed, [552]
Praemunire, statute of, [200]
Pragmatic Sanction, the, [500]
Prayer-book, first English, [308];
second, [311];
re-issued by Elizabeth, [324]
Presbyterians, rise of the, [369];
their strife with Independents, [397];
their negotiations with Charles I., [398];
crushed by the army, [399]
Preston, first battle of, [400];
second, [488]
Preston Pans, battle of, [505]
Pride's Purge, [401]
Protectionists, the, [660], [680]
Protestantism, origin of, in England, [308-311]
Provisors, statute of, [200]
Prussia, joins in war of Spanish Succession, [464];
wars of, with Austria, [500-502];
war with Austria and France, [522];
attacks French Republic, [578];
makes peace with France, [584];
wars of, with Napoleon, [610], [611], [624], [625], [629], [630];
under Bismarck, [705], [707]
Prynne, William, condemned by Star Chamber, [270]
Punjab, power of the Sikhs in, [737];
conquered by the British, [743]
Puritans, rise of the, [314];
persecutions of, [344];
secede from Church of England, [353];
colonize New England, [361].
See Presbyterians and Independents
Pym, John, Parliamentary leader, [365], [371], [372], [375]
Pyrenees, battle of the, [625]
Quatre Bras, battle of, [628]
Quebec, battle of, [528]
Queensland, colony of, [751]
_Quia emptores_, statute of, [152]
Quiberon, battle of, [527]
_Quo warranto_, the writ of, [151]
Raglan, Fitzroy, Lord, commands in the Crimea, [684-690]
Rajputana, becomes vassal to East India Company, [739]
Raleigh, Sir Walter, founds colony of Virginia, [341];
imprisoned for Cobham's plot, [344];
his voyage up the Orinoco and execution, [358]
Ramillies, battle of, [468]
Rangoon, captured by British, [743]
Ratcliffe, Richard, favourite of Richard III., [270], [271]
Reform, Parliamentary, agitation for, [638], [647]
Reform Bill, the, of 1832, introduced by Lord John Russell, [648];
rejected by the Peers, [649];
passed, [650]
—, the, of 1866, [703]
—, the, of 1885, [716]
Reformation, the, in Germany, [290], [296];
in England, [297], [302], [308], [311];
in Scotland, [326]
Remonstrance, the Grand, [377]
Renaissance, the, [290]
Repeal, agitation in Ireland for, [657], [658], [664]
Revolution, the, of 1[688], [443-447]
—, the French, [574]
Rhodes, Cecil, his designs, [724], [725]
Richard I., conspires against his father, [109-112];
his accession, [114];
at the Crusades, [115-118];
his imprisonment in Germany, [118];
return to England, [120];
his wars and death, [121], [122]
— II., [200];
his dealings with Tyler's rebellion, [206];
assumes the government, [207];
overruled by Lords Appellant, [208];
resumes power, [209];
his tyranny, [210];
expedition to Ireland and abdication, [211], [212];
murdered, [214]
— III., Duke of Gloucester, murders Henry VI., [259];
his campaign in Scotland, [263];
seizes regency, [265];
declared king, [267];
murders the princes, [268];
slain at Bosworth, [271]
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry III., [141-143]
Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London, martyred, [319]
Ridolfi's plot, [331]
Rights, Bill of, [446]
Rivers, Anthony, Earl, executed by Richard III., [264], [268]
Rizzio, David, murder of, [327]
Robert I., Bruce, rebels against Edward I., [168];
slays Comyn, [168];
crowned King of Scotland, [170];
his war against Edward I., [173];
victorious at Bannockburn, [176];
his invasions of England, [177], [180]
— III., of Scotland, [214], [218]
—, son of William I., rebellion of, [77];
Duke of Normandy, [81];
goes on crusade, [84];
his wars with Henry I., [86];
imprisoned, [90]
Roberts, Frederick, Lord, in Afghan war, [749], [750];
his victories in South Africa, [731], [732]
Robespierre, Jacobin leader, [581];
fall of, [584]
Robin of Redesdale, rebellion of, [257]
Rochelle, La, Buckingham's expedition to, [365]
Roches, Peter des, minister of Henry III., [137]
Rockingham, Marquis of, prime minister, [539-541];
second ministry of, [542];
death of, [555]
Rodney, George, Lord, wins battle of St. Lucia, [552]
Rogers, John, martyred, [319]
Rohilla war, the, [567-568]
Romans, in Britain, the, [4-10]
Root and Branch Bill, the, [375]
Rosebery, Lord, prime minister, [722], [723]
Roses, wars of the, [245-259];
their character, [247]
Rossbach, battle of, [525]
Rotten boroughs, [485];
abolished, [650]
Roundheads, use of the term, [382]
Rousseau, J. J., influence of, on French Revolution, [575], [576]
Rumbold, Colonel, plans Rye House Plot, [435]
Rump, the, remnant of Long Parliament, [401];
expelled by Cromwell, [410];
revived, [417]
Runjit Singh, his rule in the Punjab, [737];
death of, [742]
Rupert, Prince, leader of Royalist horse, [382].
See Edgehill, Newbury, Marston Moor, Naseby
Russell, Lord John, introduces Reform Bill, [648];
his first ministry, [668-672];
his second ministry, [702]
—, Lord William, executed, [435]
—, Edward, Admiral, wins battle of La Hogue, [454]
Russia, first trade of England with, [341];
joins in the Seven Years' War, [522];
joins armed neutrality, [596];
wars of, with Bonaparte, [608], [610], [623];
war of, with Turkey, [645];
engages in Crimean war, [683];
threatened by Lord Palmerston, [698];
Lord Beaconsfield and, [711];
stirs up Afghans, [733]
Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, slain at Wakefield, [251]
Ruyter, de, Dutch admiral, [426]
Rye House Plot, the, [435]
Ryswick, Peace of, [455]
Sacheverell, Henry, his Tory sermons, [474]
Saint Albans, first battle of, [249];
second battle of, [252]
Saint Lucia, battle of, [552]
Saint Vincent, battle of Cape, [587]
Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, [117];
defeated by Richard I., [118]
Salamanca, battle of, [624]
Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, supports Yorkists, [246];
wins battle of Blore Heath, [247];
beheaded, [251]
—, Robert Cecil, earl of, minister of James I., [353-356]
—, Robert Cecil, marquis of, prime minister of Queen Victoria, [716];
his second ministry, [718-731];
his third ministry, [723-733]
—, William Longsword, Earl of, defeated at Bouvines, [128]
—, Great Moot of, [79]
Sancroft, William, Archbishop, persecuted by James II., [441];
deposed as a Nonjuror, [448]
Saratoga, battle of, [548]
Saxons, the, ravage Britain, [11];
their conquests, [12-16]
Schism Act, the, [479]
Schleswig-Holstein question, the, [698]
Schomburg, Frederick, Duke of, commands army in Ireland, [451]
Scinde, conquered by Sir Charles Napier, [741]
Scindiah, war of, with Warren Hastings, [568];
defeated by Wellesley, [604]
Scotland. See under names of kings;
see also Covenanters, Jacobites
Scots, the, invade Britain, [11], [12];
unite with Picts, [47]
Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, beheaded, [217]
—, Henry, Lord, conspires against Henry V., [223]
Scutage imposed by Henry II., [700]
Sebastopol, siege of, [686-690]
Sedgemoor, battle of, [438]
Sepoys, first raised by Dupleix, [512];
great mutiny of the, [745]
Septennial Act, the, [490]
Seringapatam, treaty of, [572];
storming of, [594]
Settlement, the Act of, [459]
Seven Bishops, trial of the, [441]
Seven Years' War, the, [517], [521], [537]
Severus, Emperor, in Britain, [8]
Seymour, Thomas, Lord, executed, [310]
Shaftesbury, Anthony, Lord, minister of Charles II., [429];
leader of the country party, [431];
his agitation against Romanism, [433], [434];
his fall, [435]
—, Anthony, earl of, philanthropic reforms of, [676]
Shah Sujah, [740], [741]
Shakespeare, William, [343]
Shelburne, William, Lord, ministry of, [556];
resigns, [557]
Shere Ali, his war with British, [749]
Sheridan, Richard, Whig leader, [564], [638]
Sheriffmuir, battle of, [489]
Ship-money imposed by Charles I., [369]
Shrewsbury, battle of, [216]
—, Charles Talbot, earl of, at death-bed of Queen Anne, [480]
Sidney, Algernon, executed, [435]
—, Sir Philip, his "Arcadia," [335];
slain at Zutphen, [335]
Sikhs, rise of the, [737];
first war of, with the British, [742];
second war of, [743];
their services in the Mutiny, [746]
Simnel, Lambert, imposture of, [273]
Siward, Earl of Northumbria, [58], [59]
Six Acts, the, [640]
Six Articles, the, [603]
Slave trade, the, abolished, [609]
Slavery, abolished in English possessions, [654]
Sluys, naval victory at, [185]
Smith, Adam, his "Wealth of Nations," [563]
—, Sir Sidney, saves Acre from Bonaparte, [592]
Sobraon, battle of, [726]
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of, minister of Henry VI., [241], [243];
slain at St. Albans, [246]
—, Henry, Duke of, Lancastrian leader, [253-255]
—, Edmund Seymour, Protector of England, [308];
his Protestantism, [309];
war with Scotland, [309];
deposed, [310];
executed, [313]
—, Robert Ker, Earl of, favourite of James I., [356];
his trial and degradation, [357]
Sophia, Electress of Hanover, [459]
Soult, Marshal, defeated at Corunna, [616];
at Oporto, [618];
at Albuera, [620];
at Pyrenees, [625];
at Toulouse, [626]
South African colonies, history of the, [752-754]
South Sea Bubble, the, [491]
Spa Fields riot, the, [639]
Spain, the Black Prince in, [197];
dealings of Henry VII. with, [280];
dealings of Elizabeth with, [324], [330], [333], [337];
subservience of James I. to, [357];
Cromwell's war with, [415];
English invasion of, [468-470];
Walpole's war with, [490];
Pitt's war with, [535];
assists Americans, [548];
allied with French Republic, [585];
allied with Bonaparte, [604];
invaded by Bonaparte, [613] (see Peninsular War);
civil wars in, [655]
Spanish marriages, the, of 1846, [665]
Spanish Succession, the, [456];
war of, [463]
Spencean philanthropists, [639], [640]
Spenser, Edmund, [343]
Spurs, battle of the, [284]
Stafford, William, Lord, executed, [434]
Stamford Bridge, battle of, [63]
Stamp Act, the, [539];
repealed, [541]
Standard, battle of the, [94]
Stanhope, James, Earl of, minister of George I., [484];
involved in South Sea Bubble, [491];
dies, [492]
Stanley, Thomas, Lord, betrays Richard III. at Bosworth, [270], [271]
—, Sir William, executed, [275]
Steenkerke, battle of, [454]
Stephen of Blois, elected King of England, [93];
his troubled reign, [93-97]
Stoke, battle of, [274]
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, his policy of "Thorough," [368];
his rule in Ireland, [368];
impeached and executed, [373], [374]
Strathclyde, [45], [47], [83]
Strongbow, Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, his invasion of Ireland, [107]
Stuart, house of. See under names of Kings
—, Arabella, imprisoned by James I., [354]
Suetonius Paulinus, conquers Boadicea, [6]
Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, head of peace-party, [239], [241];
impeached and murdered, [242]
—, Charles Brandon, Duke of, marries Mary Tudor, [284]
—, Thomas Grey, Duke of, rebels against Mary, [317];
executed, [318]
Suraj-ud-Dowlah, Nawab of Oude, his wars with the British, [566]
Sunderland, Robert Spencer, Earl of, minister of James II., [439]
—, Charles Spencer, Earl of, minister of George I., [483];
involved in South Sea Bubble, [491];
resigns, [492]
Supremacy, Act of, [295]
Suraj-ud-Dowlah, takes Calcutta, [523];
defeated and slain, [530]
Surrey, Henry, Earl of, executed by Henry VIII., [306]
—, Thomas, Earl of, wins battle of Flodden, [285]
Sussex, kingdom of South Saxons, [15]
Swegen, King of Denmark, expels Ethelred the Redeless, [54]
Swift, Dean, his Tory pamphlets, [474]
Talavera, battle of, [618]
Tallard, Marshal, captured at Blenheim, [467]
Tantia Topee, Sepoy leader, [748]
Tasmania, colonization of, [752]
Tea riots at Boston, [545]
Tenant right, conceded to Ireland, [706]
Terror, Reign of, in Paris, [583]
Test Act, the, [430];
repealed by James II., [439]
Tewkesbury, battle of, [258]
Thanes or gesiths, followers of Anglo-Saxon king, [42]
Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, [28]
Thirty Years' War, the, [358]
Thistlewood, Arthur, conspiracy of, [640]
Throckmorton, Francis, conspiracy of, [335]
Thugs suppressed, [739]
Tilsit, treaty of, [610]
Tinchebrai, battle of, [90]
Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, wars with, [569], [571], [572];
subdued by Wellesley, [594]
Tithe Act, Irish, passed, [658]
Tithe war, the, [656]
Torres Vedras, lines of, [619]
Tory party, origin of name, [434];
power of, under James II., [437];
intrigues of, under William III., [455];
overthrow Godolphin, [474];
Jacobite tendencies of, [478];
weakness of, under George I. and II., [485];
reorganized by George III., [534];
Pitt and the, [561];
reactionary policy of the, [637].
See Conservatives
Tostig, son of Godwine, [58], [59], [60];
slain at Stamford Bridge, [65]
Toulon, siege of, [583]
Toulouse, Henry II.'s war of, [99];
battle of, [626]
Townshend, Ch., Lord, minister of Geo. I., [484];
colleague of Walpole, [493]
Towton, battle of, [253]
Trafalgar, battle of, [607]
Transubstantiation, doctrine of, [297]
Transvaal Republic, the, first annexation of, [753];
war with and second annexation of, [727-733]
Trent, case of the, [696]
"Triers," committee of, [412]
Trinidad ceded to Britain, [597]
Tromp, Van, Dutch Admiral, [409]
Troyes, treaty of, [228]
Tudor, house of. See under names of kings and queens
Tyler, Wat, rebellion of, [204-206]
Tyndale, William, translates Bible, [302]
Tyrconnel, Richard, Earl of, Jacobite leader in Ireland, [450]
Tyrone, Hugh O'Neil, Earl of, his rebellion, [346]
Tyrrell, Walter, slays William II., [85]
Ulm, capitulation of, [608]
Ulster, planted by James I., [361]
Uniformity, Act of, [423]
Union with Scotland, the, [472];
with Ireland, the, [591]
United Irishmen, the, [598]
United States, declare their independence, [547];
recognized by George III., [552];
war of England with, [627], [628];
civil war in the, [696];
dispute with, as to the _Alabama_, [707]
Utrecht, peace of, [476]
Valence, Aymer de. See Pembroke
Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, [373];
executed, [421]
Vendôme, Marshal, defeated at Oudenarde, [470]
Venezuela, quarrel with, [724]
Vere, Robert de, favourite of Richard II., [207], [208]
Verneuil, battle of, [233]
Vernon, Admiral, takes Portobello, [499]
Versailles, treaty of, [553]
Victoria, Queen, accession of, [658];
married to Albert of Saxe-Coburg, [661];
her first and second Jubilees, [719], [725];
dies, [733]
Vienna, congress of, [626-631]
Vikings. See Danes
Villars, Marshal, defeated at Malplaquet, [471]
Villeinage, in England, [72];
abuses of, [203];
decay of, [206]
Villeneuve, Adm., defeated by Nelson, [607]
Villeroi, Marshal, defeated at Ramillies, [468]
Villiers. See Buckingham
Vimiero, battle of, [615]
Vinegar Hill, battle of, [590]
Vittoria, battle of, [625]
Voltaire, influence of, in France, [575]
Volunteers, the Irish, intrigues of, [551], [552];
the English, of 1803, [602], [603];
of 1860, [694]
Vortigern calls in Saxons, [14]
Wagram, battle of, [619]
Wakefield, battle of, [251]
Walcheren, expedition to, [618]
Wales, unconquered by Saxons, [17];
wars of, with Northumbria, [26];
vassal to Edward the Elder, [44];
campaign of Harold in, [59];
Norman conquests in, [83], [92];
wars of Edward I. with, [153-157];
rebels against Edward I., [163];
rebels against Henry IV., [214];
supports Charles I., [381]
Wallace, William, rising of, [167];
defeated at Falkirk, [168];
executed, [169]
Waller, Sir William, Parliamentary general, [386], [391]
Walpole, Sir Robert, minister of George I., [484];
prime minister, [491];
his character and policy, [493];
Excise Bill, [495];
fall of, [499]
Walsingham, minister of Elizabeth, [326];
dies, [348]
Walter, Hubert, archbishop and justiciar, [121];
dies, [125]
Waltheof, Earl, rebellion of, [70];
executed, [77]
Wandewash, battle of, [531]
Warbeck, Perkin, imposture of, [275-277]
Warenne, John, Earl of, opposes quo warranto, [151];
wins battle of Dunbar, [164];
regent of Scotland, [164];
defeated by Wallace, [167]
Warwick, Guy, Earl of, opposes and slays Gaveston, [173], [174]
—, Richard Neville, Earl of, "the King-maker," Yorkist partisan, [246];
wins battle of St. Albans, [249];
of Northampton, [250];
defeated in second battle of St. Albans, [252];
wins battle of Towton, [253];
subdues the North, [255];
his struggle with Edward IV., [256-258];
slain at Barnet, [258]
—, John Dudley, Earl of. See Northumberland
Washington, George, early campaign of, [521];
commands American army, [546];
defeated at Brooklyn, [547];
forces Cornwallis to capitulate, [561]
— city of, burnt by British, [627]
Waterloo, battle of, [629], [630]
Wellesley, Richard, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, subdues Tippoo, [594];
subdues Mahrattas, [604]
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, at Seringapatam, [594];
wins battle of Assaye, [604];
commands in Portugal, [615];
victorious at Talavera, [618];
at Lines of Torres Vedras, [619];
takes Ciudad Rodrigo, and Badajos, [624];
victorious at Salamanca, [624];
at Vittoria, [625];
invades France, [626];
commands in Belgium, [628];
wins battle of Waterloo, [629];
prime minister, [644];
grants Catholic emancipation, [646];
retires, [648];
death of, [680]
Welsh, or Kymry, [17]. See Wales
Wesley, John, his life and work, [516]
Wessex, kingdom of, founded by Cerdic, [16];
development of, [18];
western conquests of, [31];
supreme in England, [32]
Westminster Abbey, founded by Edward the Confessor, [61];
rebuilt by Henry III., [136]
—, Statute of, [152]
Whig party, origin of name, [434];
discredited by Rye House Plot, [435];
war-policy, [472-474];
ascendency of, under George I., [482];
policy of, [484], [485];
changed character of, [555];
advocates Parly. reform, [628].
See Liberals
Whitby, council of, [28]
White, Sir G., defends Ladysmith, [728-31]
Wicliffe, John, his teaching, [199]
Wido, Count, imprisons Harold, [59]
Wilkes, John, prosecuted by Grenville, [539];
member for Middlesex, [543]
William I., extorts oath from Harold, [60];
claims English crown, [62];
victorious at Hastings, [65];
king of England, [68];
quells insurrection, [69], [70];
policy of, [74-79];
death, [79]
William II., king of England, [81];
wars with Scots and Welsh, [81], [82];
quarrels with Anselm, [84], [85];
dies, [86]
— III., marries Mary of York, [431];
opposes Lewis XIV., [430-442];
lands in England, [443];
proclaimed king, [445];
his policy, [447];
campaign in Ireland, [451];
fights in Netherlands, [454];
dies, [460]
— IV., accession of, [647];
dealings of, with Reform Bill, [649], [650];
dies, [658]
— Clito, his wars with Henry I., [90]
— the Lion, King of Scotland, wars of, with Henry II., [110]
— the Silent, Dutch leader, [332];
assassinated, [335]
Winchelsey, Archbishop, his quarrel with Edward I., [165], [166]
Winchester, Statute of, [152]
Winfrith (Boniface), missionary in Germany, [29]
Witan, national council of the English, [20]
Wolfe, General, captures Louisbourg, [526];
victory and death at Quebec, [528], [529]
Wolsey, Thomas, minister of Henry VIII., [285-288];
his schemes for Church Reform, [289];
his dealings with Henry's divorce, [291];
his fall and death, [292]
Woodville, Elizabeth. See Elizabeth
Worcester, battle of, [405]
Wordsworth, William, his attitude toward French revolution, [581]
Worms, congress of, [502]
Wren, Christopher, rebuilds St. Paul's, [427]
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebellion and death of, [317], [318]
Wykeham, William of, opposes John of Gaunt, [198];
minister of Richard II., [202];
recalled to office, [209]
York, Edmund, Duke of, regent for Richard II., [211]
York, Richard, Duke of, campaigns of, in Normandy, [239];
rises against Henry VI., [243];
his policy, [245];
Protector, [248];
in Wars of the Roses, [249], [250];
slain at Wakefield, [251]
York, Richard, Duke of, son of Edward IV., imprisoned and slain by Richard III., [266-268]
York, Frederick, Duke of, disastrous campaigns of, in Flanders, [583], [593], [594];
dies, [647]
Yorktown, capitulation of, [559]
Young Ireland Party, the, [664];
rising of, [669], [670]
Zemindars, Cornwallis's dealings with, [572]
Zulu war, the, [753]
Zutphen, battle of, [335]

Arnold's School Series.

THE LONDON SCHOOL ATLAS.

Edited by the Right Hon. H. O. Arnold-Forster, M.P., Author of "The Citizen Reader," "This World of Ours," etc. A magnificent Atlas, including 48 pages of Coloured Maps, several of them double-page, and Pictorial Diagrams. With an Introduction on the Construction and Reading of Maps by A. J. Herbertson, Ph.D.

Among the notable features of this Atlas are: (1) The Specimens of Ordnance Surveys and Admiralty Charts; (2) the lucid Astronomical Diagrams; (3) the beautifully-coloured Physical Maps; (4) the careful selection of names without overcrowding; (5) the constant presentation of uniform scales for comparison; (6) a Historical Series of Maps illustrating the Building of the British Empire; (7) an excellent Map of Palestine.

The size of the Atlas is about 12 by 9 inches, and it is issued in the following editions: