Pavia, taken by the Lombards, [116]
Persian Empire destroyed by the Arabs, [164]
Persian Wars under Julian, [32];
under Maurice, [121];
under Phocas and Heraclius, [130-36]
Peter, general under Nicephorus Phocas, [231]
Philip of Macedon, attacks Byzantium, [7]
Philip of Swabia, helps Alexius Angelus the younger, [279-8]
Philippicus, usurpation and fall of, [180-1]