London
E. & F. N. SPON, Ltd., 57 HAYMARKET, S.W. 1
New York
SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 120 LIBERTY STREET
1920
Contents
| page | ||
| Preface to Second Edition | [ix] | |
| Preface to First Edition | [xi] | |
| chap. | ||
| I. | Introduction | [ 1] |
| II. | Standards of Temperature | [ 9] |
| Absolute or Thermodynamic Scale—Constant Volume Gas Thermometer—Fixed Points for Calibration—National Physical Laboratory Scale—Temperatures above the Present Limit of the Gas Thermometer. | ||
| III. | Thermo-Electric Pyrometers | [20] |
| General Principles—Metals used for Thermal Junctions— Changes in Thermal Junctions when constantly used—Electromotive Force developed by Typical Junctions—Practical Forms of Thermocouples— Liquid Element Thermocouples—Indicators for Thermo-electric Pyrometers—Special Features of Indicators—Standardizingof Indicators to read Temperatures directly—Standardization by Fixed Points— Standardization by Measurement of E.M.F.—Cold-Junction Compensators—Constant Temperature Cold Junctions— Special-Range Indicators—PotentiometerIndicators— Recorders for Thermo-electric Pyrometers—The Thread Recorder—The Siemens Recorder—Foster’s Recorder— Paul’s Recorder—The Leeds-Northrup Recorder— Control of Furnace Temperatures—Contact-Pen Recorders— Installations of Thermo-electric Pyrometers—Management of Thermo-electric Pyrometers—Laboratory Uses of Temperatures Thermo-electric Pyrometers—Measurement of Lower by the Thermo-electric Method—Measurement of Surface of Surface Temperatures—Measurement of Low Temperatures— Temperature of Steam, Exhaust Gases—Measurement of Differences of Temperature—Advantages of the Thermo-electric Method of Measuring Temperatures. | ||
| IV. | Resistance Pyrometers | [101] |
| General Principles—Measurement of Resistance by the Differential Galvanometer—Measurement of Resistance by the Wheatstone Bridge—Relation between Resistance of Platinum and Temperature—Changes in Resistance of Platinum when constantly Heated—Terms used in Resistance Pyrometry—Practical Forms of Resistance Pyrometers—Indicators—Siemens’ Indicator—Whipple’s Indicator—The Harris Indicator— The Leeds-Northrup Indicator—Siemens’ Differential Indicator—Recorders for Resistance Pyrometers—The Leeds-Northrup Recorder—Paul’s Recorder—Installation of Resistance Pyrometers—Management of Resistance Pyrometers—Special Uses of Resistance Pyrometers. | ||
| V. | Radiation Pyrometers | [134] |
| General Principles—Practical Forms of Radiation Pyrometers—Féry’s Mirror Pyrometer—Féry’s Spiral Radiation Pyrometer—Foster’s Fixed-Focus Radiation Pyrometer—Paul’s Radiation Pyrometer—Indicators for Radiation Pyrometers—Calibration of Indicators— Recorders—Management of Radiation Pyrometers—Special Uses of Radiation Pyrometers. | ||
| VI. | Optical Pyrometers | [167] |
| General Principles—Wien’s Law—Practical Forms of Optical Pyrometers—Féry’s Optical Pyrometer—Le Chatelier’s Optical Pyrometer—Wanner’s Pyrometer— Cambridge Optical Pyrometer—Holborn-Kurlbaum Pyrometer—Lovibond’s Pyrometer—Mesuré and Nouel’s Pyrometer—Colour-extinction Pyrometers— Management of Optical Pyrometers—Special Uses of Optical Pyrometers. | ||
| VII. | Calorimetric Pyrometers | [195] |
| General Principles—Practical Forms—Siemens’ Calorimetric or “Water” Pyrometer—Special Uses. | ||
| VIII. | Fusion Pyrometers | [204] |
| General Principles—Seger Pyramids or “Cones“— Watkin’s Heat Recorder—“Sentinel” Pyrometers— Stone’s Pyrometer—Fusible Metals—Fusible Pastes. | ||
| IX. | Miscellaneous Appliances | [211] |
| Expansion and Contraction Pyrometers—Wedgwood’s Pyrometer—Daniell’s Pyrometer—Northrup’s Molten Tin Pyrometer—Vapour-Pressure Pyrometers—Water-Jet Pyrometers—Pneumatic Pyrometers—Conduction Pyrometers—Gas Pyrometers—Wiborgh’s Thermophones— Joly’s Meldometer—Brearley’s Curve Tracer. | ||
| Index | [222] | |
Preface to the Second Edition
Since the publication of the first edition in 1911, a great extension has been witnessed in the use of pyrometers in industrial processes and laboratory work, to which development the author hopes his book has contributed in some measure. During the stress occasioned by the war, pyrometers have proved invaluable in many processes, and British makers were fully able to meet the demands, owing to the status attained in pre-war days. The increasing use of pyrometric appliances renders necessary some book of reference which will provide the user with information to enable him to get the best results out of his instruments, and it is hoped that the present treatise meets this need. In preparing the second edition, certain parts have been revised in conformity with modern practice, and the later developments included. The scope of the book remains as before.
The author desires to acknowledge the assistance he has received from the British makers of pyrometers, all of whom have liberally provided him with information of a most useful kind, of which he has availed himself in the production of the present edition.
CHAS. R. DARLING.