[11] Nemesis, p. 115.
[12] See Opium, a paper by F. C. Danvers, 1881.
[13] One tael silver was nominally equivalent to 1,000 cash; the silver had now risen to be worth 16,000 cash.
[14] Tang, the Governor of Canton, himself dealt largely in opium. See Nemesis, pp. 84, 113.
[15] A guild of Chinese traders at Canton.
[16] Lord Macartney placidly allowed his interpreter to style him “this red-bristled barbarian tribute-bearer.”
[17] Don Sinibaldo says (p. 8) that opium not being expressly mentioned, “fait partie des articles non spécifiés, qui sont tenus de payer un droit d’entrée de cinq pour cent”; but surely this is a mistake.
[18] We can well believe with Capt. Hall that “whatever part the question arising out of the opium trade may have afterwards borne in the complication of difficulties, there is little doubt that the first germ of them all was developed at the moment when the general trade with China became free.”—Nemesis, p. 79.
[19] Sir J. Davis, Dec. 21, 1855.
[20] £650,000.