[176] It is to be noted that the author is speaking of ecumenical or world councils. The three referred to are Constantinople (381), Ephesus (431), and Chalcedon (451).—ED.
[177] Today, even, the word "canonical" signifies "in accordance with rule."
[178] Probably 375; Gratian died in 383.—ED.
[179] Several saints, like St. Marcellus, found martyrdom at the hands of peasants exasperated at the destruction of their idols.