He then says, quoting another:—
“By these acts he makes himself personally a party to a war in which, as a neutral, he had no right to engage, and his property is justly treated as that of an enemy.”—International Law, p. 631.
Our other home authority, Professor Woolsey, in his work on International Law, section 162, says:—
“International Law does not require of the neutral sovereign that he should keep the citizen or subject within the same strict lines of neutrality which he is bound to draw for himself.”—Introduction to the Study of International Law, 2d edition, p. 270.
That is, a citizen may sell ships and arms to a belligerent and take the penalty, but the Government cannot do any such thing.
Another authority of considerable weight, Bluntschli, the German, lays down the rule as follows:—
“The neutral State must neither send troops to a belligerent, nor put ships of war at its disposal, nor furnish subsidies to aid it in making the war.
“In coming directly to the aid of one of the belligerent powers by the sending of men or war material, one takes part in the war.”—Droit International Codifié, tr. Lardy, art. 757, p. 381.
There is the true principle: “By the sending of men or war material one takes part in the war.”