Pittsburgh

by Charles W. Dahlinger

[307] The Echo, pp. 150–151.

[308] Tree of Liberty, January 24, 1801.

[309] F. Cuming: Sketches of a Tour to the Western Country in 1807–1809, Pittsburgh, 1810, p. 231.

[310] Pittsburgh Gazette, October 16, 1801.

[311] The Navigator, Pittsburgh, 1811, p. 63.

INDEX

• Adams, George, [114], [128]
• Adams, Henry, [81]
• Adams, John, [165];
• History of, [200]
• Addison, Alexander, Judge, impeachment of, [47–48], [139], [195];
• Federalist, [131], [132]
• Adgate & Co., [104]
• Allegheny County, [22], [23]
• Allegheny County Courts, [157]
• Allegheny County Militia, [74], [75]
• Almanacs, [4], [165], [172];
• Cramer’s, [172–174];
• “Common,” [174];
• “Magazine,” [174]
• Alsop, Richard, [197]
• Amberson, Beelen, & Anshutz, [152]
• American Coast Pilot, [182]
• Amusements, [67–74], [186], [203]
• Arnold, actor, [70]
• Ash, Thomas, [181]
• Ashton, Capt. Joseph, [95], [151]
• Ashton & Denny, [152]
• Audrian, Peter, [49]
• Aurora, newspaper, [51]
• Baird, Thomas, [96], [128], [130]
• Baldwin, Henry, [96], [141], [148], [149];
• attacked by Pentland, [145], [146]
• Balls, [68], [72];
• for Gen. Lee, [69]
• Bank of Pennsylvania, branch, [93], [116]
• Baptists, [95]
• Barker, Abner, [116], [117], [132]
• Barker, Jeffe, [116], [117]
• Barker, Jeremiah, [117], [132]
• Barrett, William, [121]
• Bartholf, Francis, Baron de Belen, [152]
• Bates, Edward, [145]
• Bates, Frederick, [143], [145], [148]
• Bates, James, [145], [148]
• Bates, Tarleton, [96], [131], [141] ff.;
• duel, [142–150]
• Bausman, Elizabeth, marriage, [125]
• Bausman, Jacob, [30];
• varied career, [41–42]
• Bausman, Nicholas, [41]
• Bayard, Colo. Stephen, [5]
• Beaujolais, Count of, [111]
• Bedford County, [2]
• Beelen, Anthony, [96], [150], [152]
• Beelen, Francis, [152]
• Beltzhoover, Melchoir, [41]
• “Black Charley,” [39]
• Blunt, Edmund, American Coast Pilot, [182]
• Boat yards, [8], [40], [92]
• Books, in households, [14];
• sale of, [14], [15], [27];
• interest in, [27];
• most popular, [169–171];
• Cramer’s publications, [189] ff.;
• contemporaneous history, [190];
• of local interest, [195–196];
• contemporary publications, [199];
• in Cramer’s bookstore, [199] ff.
• Bookstores, [95];
• first, [27];
• Cramer’s “Pittsburgh Bookstore,” [116], [163], [186], [188], [199] ff.;
• Christy’s and Wrenshall’s, [184]
• Boyd, John, [15], [16]
• Brackenridge, Henry M., Judge, recollections of Grant’s Hill, [71];
• account of horse racing, [73];
• on the Court of Allegheny County, [118];
• Views of Louisiana, [193]
• Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, Judge, [49], [71];
• author, [26], [195], [197], [198], [202];
• Modern Chivalry, [26];
• political leader, [55];
• Fourth of July speech, [56];
• Justice of Supreme Court, [58];
• opposed to Brison, [58] ff.;
• and the Tree of Liberty, [62–63];
• and the Whisky Insurrection, [81], [106], [124], [195];
• Freemason, [95];
• residence, [97], [115];
• antagonizes soldiers, [115–116];
• candidate for Congress, [125], [198];
• attacks on, [133–134];
• and impeachment of Addison, [139];
• settles Gilkison’s affairs, [163];
• Bruce’s lines to, [196];
• satires on, in The Echo, [197–198]
• Braddocksfield, [119]
• Brantz, Lewis, notes on Pittsburgh, [9], [30]
• Breweries, [78], [92]
• Brickyards, [31], [92]
• Brison, James, [58–59]
• Bromley, actor, [70]
• Bruce, David, author of political volume, [196]
• Brunot, Dr. Felix, [48], [51]
• Bryan, George, Justice, [118]
• Building lots, value of, [98–99], [100]
• Burr, Aaron, [57];
• election of, [165–167];
• suppresses History of John Adams, [200]
• Business centre of the town, [164]
• Butler, General Richard, [95], [122–123]
• Butler, Colonel William, [95]
• Calhoun, John, [117]
• Calhoun, Samuel, [117]
• Campbell, Colonel John, [4], [5]
• Campbell, Robert, [34]
• Card industry, [104]
• Card playing, [67], [186]
• Carlisle, [2]
• Chapman, Thomas, [30–31]
• Cheetham, James, [201]
• Christy, William, Merchant, [107], [131–132], [154], [184]
• Church records, [174]
• Churches, German, [10], [93], [186];
• Presbyterian, [83], [93];
• Episcopalian, [93];
• Roman Catholic, [94];
• Methodist, [94–95]
• City Hall, [50]
• “Clapboard Row,” [127];
• political methods, [128];
• opposed, [131], [132]
• “Clapboard Row Junto,” [127]
• “Clapboardonian Democracy,” [127]
• Clark, General George Rodgers, [141]
• Clark, Josiah, [188]
• Clothing materials, [64–65]
• Coal, [7], [91], [92]
• Cochran, Dr. J. B., [206]
• Cochran, John Spear, [206]
• Cochran, Mary, [206]
• Cochran, Susan Cramer, [206]
• Cochran, Zadok Cramer, [206]
• Comforts and luxuries, [63–64]
• Common Almanac, [174]
• Commonwealth, The, newspaper, [138], [140]
• Concerts, [69]
• Constitutionalists, [140]
• Coppinger, [78]
• Cotton mills, [92], [93]
• County jail, [24], [157]
• Court House, present, [50];
• first, [117], [118];
• in 1800, [155–156]
• Craig, Major Isaac, buys land in Pittsburgh, [5];
• starts glass factory, [32];
• Freemason, [96];
• tenement of, [106];
• Federalist, [131];
• Deputy Quarter Master, [142]
• Cramer, Elizabeth, [189]
• Cramer, Susan, [206]
• Cramer, Zadok, [161] ff.;
• birth, [162];
• bookbinding, [116], [162–163];
• bookstore, [116], [163], [184], [188–189];
• publisher, [164–165],184;
• publications, [165], [167], [172], [174], [176] ff., [179], [180], [187], [189];
• opens Circulating Library, [168–171];
• partners, [171], [188];
• advertisements, [185];
• accuses Harris and Ash of plagiarism, [181];
• new lines of business, [185–186];
• printing business, [187];
• offices held, [187];
• farming and sheep raising, [188];
• travels, [189];
• meets H. M. Brackenridge, [193];
• mercantile instincts, [196];
• opposes moral wrong, [204];
• condemns horse racing, [204];
• on whisky drinking, [205];
• death, [205]
• Cramer, Mrs. Zadok, [206]
• Cramer’s Almanac, [172–174]
• Culture, [3], [4], [26], [184] ff.
• Cumberland County, [2]
• Cuming, F., Tour of the Western Country, [192–193]
• Dancing, [67–69], [154]
• Davis, Joseph, [131], [154]
• Declary, Peter, [69]
• “Democratic” party, [54]
• “Democratic Republican” party, [54]
• Denny, Major Ebenezer, [131], [150–151]
• Denny & Beelen, [150], [151]
• Dent, Julia, [153]
• Dobbins & McElhinney, [110]
• Dress, Freemasons’, [12];
• men’s, [65–67]
• Drinking, [80–82]
• Duane, William, [51]
• Dubac, Gabriel, Chevalier, [48], [111]
• Du Lac, Perrin, [64]
• Dunlap (James) & Co., [155]
• “Dutch,” [43], [44]
• Echo, The, [197–198]
• Education, in early days, [3–4];
• schools established, [14];
• higher, [17]
• Eichbaum, William, [40], [41], [79]
• Eichbaum, William, Jr., [188–189]
• Emigration westward, through Pittsburgh, [6–8], [29], [175], [179]
• Emmert, Mrs. Joseph, [206]
• Emmett, Samuel, [30], [80]
• English language, [38], [40]
• English-speaking population, [38], [40]
• Episcopalians, [93], [94]
• Ewalt, Samuel, [41], [96], [104], [130]
• Farmers’ dress, [66]
• Federal party, opposition to, [52–53], [54];
• supporters of, [62], [76], [131–132];
• emblem of, [74–76];
• in the House of Representatives, [165]
• Ferree, Thomas, [13], [157–158]
• Ferries, over Monongahela River, [29], [42];
• over Allegheny River, [30];
• and taverns, [80]
• Food, [63], [64]
• Forman, Major Thomas S., [35]
• Fort Fayette, [33]
• Fort Pitt, [9], [10], [31], [33]
• Fort Stanwix, [8]
• Forward, Walter, [141–142]
• Fowler, General Alexander, commander of militia, [74];
• republican, [75];
• left Republican party, [127];
• controversy with Gazzam, [128–130]
• Francis, Tench, [5]
• Freemasons, first lodge in Western country, [11];
• start temperance movement, [95–96];
• See also [Lodge], [45]
• French, [38];
• emigration of, [51–52]
• French influence, [46], [51], [65], [199]
• French language, [39]
• French radicalism, influence of, [53]
• Freneau, Philip, [26]
• “Friends of the People,” [140]
• Fulton & Baird, [121], [130]
• Gallatin, Albert, [57], [162];
• glass factory, [32], [122];
• political honors, [46–47], [125];
• at Marie’s tavern, [49];
• on Western Pennsylvania, [52];
• candidate for Congress, [55]
• Gallitzen, Demetrius Augustine, [94]
• Gazzam, William, [121];
• controversy with Fowler, [128–130]
• German church, organized, [10];
• conducts schools, [14], [186];
• treasurer, [42];
• followers, [40], [45]
• German language, [39], [40], [45], [186]
• German Farmers’ Register, The, newspaper, [45]
• Germans, [38];
• organize church, [10];
• second in numbers to English, [40];
• confused with the Dutch, [43], [44];
• social intercourse, [45];
• establish newspaper, [45];
• and religion, [83]
• Gilkison, John C., bookseller, [27], [163];
• prothonotary, [59], [163];
• starts library, [168]
• Glass factories, [32], [92]
• Grant’s Hill, pleasure ground, [49], [70–71], [77]
• “Grant’s Hill,” tavern, [49], [50]
• Gregg’s (Isaac) Ferry, [30]
• Hall, Joseph, [14]
• Hamilton, report on manufactures, [91]
• Hamsher, John, [40], [41], [155]
• Hancock, Richard, [122], [125]
• Hannastown, [2];
• attacked by British and Indians, [11], [43], [58]
• Harmar, General Josiah, [151]
• Harris, Joseph, [157]
• Harris, Rev. Thaddeus Mason, [181]
• “Hartford Wits,” [197]
• Haymaker, Jacob, [40], [42], [126]
• Henderson, Rev. Matthew, [57]
• Henderson, Robert, [30], [80]
• Herald of Liberty, newspaper,62
• Herd, William, [121]
• Herron, Rev. Francis, [83–84]
• Hilliard, Elizabeth Bausman, [125–126]
• Hilliard, James, [125], [126]
• Horse racing, [72–73];
• condemned, [203–204]
• Houses, construction, [31] ff., [101];
• numbered, [33];
• comforts in, [63]
• Hufnagle, Michael, [43], [96]
• Hughes, Rev. James, [190]
• Hutchins, Capt. Thomas, [175–176];
• Topographical Description of Pennsylavnia, Maryland, and Virginia, [175]
• Imlay, Gilbert, North America, [176]
• Incorporation of Pittsburgh, [24]
• Indians, the Penns’ dealings with, [6];
• treaty with, [8];
• attack Hannastown, [11], [43];
• recede westward, [13]
• Industries, [91–93]
• Insurgents, [71], [81], [119–120];
• conference with, [123–125]
• Irish, [38], [55]
• Irish, Nathaniel, [130], [153]
• Iron industries, [91–92]
• Irvine, General William, [123]
• Irwin, Captain John, [96], [107], [154]
• Irwin, William, [69], [96], [107], [154]
• Israel, John, [62], [141], [187]
• Italians, [38]
• Jackson, Andrew, doctrine, [58]
• “Jacobins,” [56]
• Jefferson, Thomas, radical ideas of liberty, [53–54];
• reception of these ideas in Pennsylvania, [54–55];
• Republican dinner in honor of, [56–57], [108];
• presidential election of, [165–167];
• Notes on the State of Virginia, [200]
• Jockey Club, [72], [79]
• Johnson, John, [117]
• Jones, Ephraim, [29], [80]
• Jones, Samuel, [35], [108];
• on social life, [71–72]
• Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., [148]
• Justices of the peace, [101]
• Kramer, Baltzer, [32]
• Kramer, Christian, [32]
• Land, sales of, [5–6], [100]
• Lawlessness, [25]
• Laws, [24]
• Lee, General Henry, [59], [69], [115]
• “Lee, Light-Horse Harry,” [59]
• Lee, Rev. Wilson, [78]
• Lewis and Clark expedition, [179]
• Liberty, new ideas of, [53]
• Libraries, private, [14];
• circulating, [16], [19], [168–171]
• Liquors, [64];
• manufacture and sale of, [77–79];
• drinking of, [80–82]
• “Lodge 45 of Ancient York Masons,” first masonic lodge in Pittsburgh, [11];
• observance of St. John the Baptist’s Day, [12];
• observance of St. John the Evangelist’s Day, [13], [108];
• meeting place, [78], [95], [155];
• temperance movement, [95–96];
• secretary, [108]
• Louisiana Purchase, furthers trade, [90];
• and the Navigator, [179]
• Lucus, John B. C., [47–48], [151]
• Luxuries, [63–64]
• McClurg, Joseph, [122], [128], [130]
• McKean, Thomas, [108], [118];
• turns Republican, [54], [56];
• candidate for Governor, [57], [140];
• takes office, [58];
• recommends militia emblem, [75];
• Commissioner to meet Insurgents, [123];
• reappoints Tannehill, [131];
• vetoes revolutionary bills, [138];
• refuses to remove Brackenridge, [139];
• supporters and opponents of, [140], [141];
• alluded to by Bruce, [196]
• McLane, D., [34]
• McLaughlin, Alexander, [132], [153]
• McMillan, Rev. Dr. John, [57], [81]
• McNickle, A., [130]
• Madison, James, [57]
• Magazine Almanac, [174]
• Magee, Samuel, [121]
• Magee, Thomas, [121]
• Mail robbed, [119]
• Map of Pittsburgh published, [192]
• Marie, John, [49], [50]
• Marie, Mrs. John (Jane), divorce case, [50–51]
• Marie’s tavern, [56], [75]
• Market House, [155]
• Market Street, [96–98], [99], [104]
• Mechanical Society of Pittsburgh, [17–19], [78], [187]
• Mellish, John, [181]
• Methodists, [94–95], [201]
• Michaux, Dr. F. A., [48], [50]
• Mifflin, Thomas, [54], [56]
• Military plan of the town, [30–31]
• Military spirit, [74]
• Militia of Pennsylvania, [74–77]
• Modern Chivalry, by H. H. Brackenridge, [26]
• Money, circulation of, [15], [28–29]
• Montpensier, Duke of, [111]
• Moore, Hamilton, Practical Navigator, [182]
• Moreau, Jean Victor, [199]
• Morgan, General Daniel, [69], [115–116]
• Morrow, William, [12], [79]
• Morse, Jedidiah, American Gazetteer, [176]
• Mowry, Dr. Peter, [114], [132]
• Murphy, Mrs. Mary (Molly), [122], [152]
• Nail factories, [92], [93]
• National currency established, [99]
• National Gazette, [51]
• Nationalities in Pittsburgh, [38]
• Navigator, [174], [187];
• sources of its material, [175], [176], [178];
• various editions, [176–182];
• advertised, [177];
• local information in, [180–182]
• Negley, Alexander, [41]
• Negley, Jacob, [41]
• Negroes, [38–39]
• Neville, Emily Morgan, [144]
• Neville, General John, Freemason, [95];
• residence, [105];
• offices held, [106];
• Federalist, [131]
• Neville, Morgan, [48]
• Neville, Colonel Presley, public offices, [105], [106];
• residence, [115];
• saves Brackenridge, [116];
• Federalist, [131];
• opinion of Democrats, [144]
• New Era in 1800, [90]
• New Orleans, steamboat, [189]
• Newspapers, first, [14];
• German, [45];
• see also Pittsburgh Gazette and Tree of Liberty
• Nicholson, James W., [32]
• “Office of Discount and Deposit,” [116]
• O’Hara, Colonel James, [95], [120], [131];
• glass manufacturer, [32];
• brewer, [78];
• candidate for burgess, [105]
• Ohio and Mississippi Navigator, [176–177]
• Ohio River, navigation of, [7], [176–178]
• Orleans, Duke of, [111]
• Ormsby, John, [78], [95]
• Ormsby, Oliver, [184]
• Patterson, Rev. Joseph, [81]
• Penn, John, [4–5], [6]
• Penn, John, Jr., [4–5], [6]
• Penn, William, [4]
• Penns, the, [42], [98]
• Pentland, Ephraim, editor, [138];
• attacks on Bates and Baldwin, [145–147], [149]
• Peters, Judge Richard, [106]
• Philadelphia, post route from Pittsburgh, [17]
• Pipe manufactory, [92]
• Pittsburgh Academy, [17]
• “Pittsburgh Bookstore,” [116], [163], [184], [186] ff.
• Pittsburgh Circulating Library, [167–171]
• Pittsburgh Fire Company, [24], [130]
• Pittsburgh Gazette, established, [14];
• and politics, [56], [62], [133];
• contributors, [75];
• in religious revival, [85];
• owner, [114];
• Cramer’s advertisement in, [162–163];
• advertises Navigator, [177]
• Pittsburgh Library Company, [171]
• “Pittsburgh” manor, [5]
• Pitt Township, [23], [28]
• Plan of town, [4], [5], [30–31]
• Population, in 1786, [9];
• nationalities, [38];
• in 1800 and 1810, [90];
• Protestant, [93]
• Porter, William, [122]
• Post office, [17], [114], [128]
• Post route, [17]
• Practical Navigator, [182]
• Presbyterian Church, [9], [10], [83], [93], [94]
• Printing offices, [187]
• Protestants, [10], [93–94]
• Public improvements, [98]
• Publishing business, [164], [184–185]
• Race horses, [73]
• Reed, John, [79], [157]
• Reel, Casper, [41]
• Religion, [9–11], [82–83], [93];
• revival, [84–85];
• books on, [191]
• Republican General Assembly, radical, [138–139]
• Republican party, headquarters, [50];
• “Democratic Republican,” [54];
• rapid growth in Pennsylvania, [55];
• leader in Pittsburgh, [55];
• French influences, [55], [56];
• influence on dress, [65];
• spoils doctrine, [58];
• emblem, [75–76];
• dominant throughout country, [132];
• in national election, [165–167]
• Richards, Charles, [39]
• Richardson, Dr. Andrew, Freemason, [96], [108];
• conducts drug store, [107];
• political leader, [108];
• speech on Freemasonry, [108–109];
• left Republican party, [109–110];
• death, [110]
• Riddle, James, [96], [121], [128]
• Robinson, James, [30], [80]
• Robinson and Ensell, [92]
• Roman Catholics, [94]
• Ross, James, trouble with Mrs. Marie, [50–51];
• candidate for governor, [50], [57];
• Freemason, [96];
• Commissioner to meet Insurgents, [123];
• political leader, [131], [132]
• Roup, Jonas, [41]
• St. Clair, General Arthur, [151]
• St. John the Baptist’s Day, observance of, [12–13]
• St. John the Evangelist’s day, observance of, [12], [13], [108]
• St. Patrick’s Church, [94]
• Schoepf, Dr. Johann David, [7]
• Schools, [4], [14], [50], [186]
• Schultz, Christian, on Navigator, [181–182]
• Scotch, [38]
• Scott, Dr. Hugh, [96], [121], [128]
• Scott, John, [117]
• Scott & Trotter, [120]
• Scull, John, establishes Pittsburgh Gazette, [14–15];
• postmaster, [17];
• printer, [26], [187];
• residence, [114];
• attacks on Brackenridge, [133–134]
• Semple, Samuel, [78]
• Semple, Steele, [116]
• Semple, William, [27], [115]
• Shippinsburg, [2]
• “Sign of the Black Bear,” [13], [158]
• “Sign of the Cross Keys,” [57], [79]
• “Sign of the Franklin Head,” [116], [164]
• “Sign of General Butler,” [125];
• and social affairs, [68];
• name, [122];
• during Whisky Insurrection, [123], [124];
• political headquarters, [127]
• “Sign of General Washington,” [34]
• “Sign of the Green Tree,” [13], [34], [68];
• meeting place of masonic lodge, [12], [96]
• “Sign of the Indian Queen,” [79–80]
• “Sign of the Negro,” [122]
• “Sign of the Sheaf of Wheat,” [153]
• “Sign of the Waggon,” [68], [79], [157]
• Six Nations, treaty with, [8]
• Slavery, [38], [39], [41]
• Smith, Thomas, [130]
• Smith, Rev. Dr. William, [44]
• Smith & Shiras, [78]
• Smur, John, [126]
• Snyder, Simon, [50], [51], [140]
• Social life, [71–72], [77]
• South School, [50]
• Spanish milled dollar, [99]
• Spear, John, [171], [188], [206]
• Spoils doctrine, [58]
• Steele, Rev. Robert, [13], [96], [129];
• dress, [66];
• appointment, [85]
• Stevenson, Dr. George, [120–121], [131]
• Stewart, Thomas, [147], [149]
• Stores, [102], [103], [116–117], [120] ff., [150], [154] ff., [184]
• Streets, [35], [98]
• Sturgeon, Jeremiah, [57], [79]
• Supreme Court, [118], [130], [139]
• Swiss-Germans, [10], [38]
• Tannehill, Adamson, [130]
• Tanneries, [92]
• Tavern-keeping, [78], [79]
• Tavern signs, [33–35]
• Taverns, [33], [68], [77], [78]
• Temperance movement, [96]
• Theatrical performances, [69], [70]
• Thorn, William, [82–83]
• Tinware manufactory, [92]
• Town meetings, [102]
• Town officials, [101]
• Townships, [23], [28]
• Trade, [7], [102]
• Trade centre, [7], [29]
• Transportation, [25], [93]
• Tree of Liberty, established, [62];
• contributors, [75];
• office, [115];
• charge against editor, [127];
• in politics, [132], [140];
• in mourning, [149];
• advertises Navigator, [177]
• Tree of Sedition, Blasphemy, and Slander, [56]
• Trees, [33], [97]
• Trinity Church, [93]
• Turnbull, William, [115]
• United States Mint authorized, [99]
• University of Pittsburgh, [17]
• Veech, Judge James, on whisky, [80–81]
• Wallace, Judge George, [117]
• Washington, George, President, [78], [123]
• Washington County, [22]
• Water Street residences, [105–107]
• Watson, Andrew, tavern, [18], [117], [118]
• Weber, Rev. Johann Wilhelm, [10–11]
• Welsh, [38]
• Western Gleaner, The, magazine, [193–195]
• Westmoreland County, [2], [22]
• “Whale and the Monkey,” Sign of, [34]
• “Whisky Boys,” [81]
• Whisky Insurrection, [29], [59], [106];
• cause, [25], [77];
• expedition against, [29], [59];
• at its height, [119–120];
• Government conference with Insurgents, [123–125]
• Wilkins, John, [117]
• Willock, Andrew, Jr., [153]
• Wills, Alexander, [158]
• Wills, James, [153]
• Wills, John, [158]
• Wilson and Wallace, sale of books, [14]
• Winebiddle, Conrad, [41]
• Wood, John, History of John Adams, [200]
• Woods, George, [5]
• Woods, General John, [125], [131], [132], [198]
• Woods (Wm.) & Company, [155]
• Wrenshall, John, local preacher, [84], [201];
• Farewell to Pittsburgh and the Mountains, [153];
• bookstore, [184]
• Wusthoff, William, [41], [96]
• Yeaman, James, [78], [158]
• Yeates, Jasper, [123], [130]
• “Young Messenger,” race horse, [73], [79]

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.