Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy

by Charles W. David

	PAGE
CHAPTER I
Youth	[3-16]
Parentage and birth	[4]
Tutors and education	[6]
Initiation into politics	[7]
Official position under the Conqueror	[10]
Bright promise of Robert’s youth	[15]
CHAPTER II
Rebellion and Exile	[17-41]
Robert’s character and personal appearance	[17]
First rebellion and exile	[18]
Gerberoy	[25]
Robert in the active service of the king	[31]
Second rebellion and exile	[36]
Death of the Conqueror	[39]
CHAPTER III
Independent Rule, 1087-95	[42-88]
Robert’s accession to the duchy	[42]
Unsuccessful attempt to gain the English crown	[44]
William Rufus against Robert Curthose	[53]
Robert and William as allies	[60]
The loss of Maine	[69]
Weakness and failure of Robert’s government	[75]
Renewed war with William Rufus	[83]
CHAPTER IV
The Crusade	[89-119]
Introduction	[89]
The Crusade launched in Normandy	[90]
Preparations for the Crusade	[92]
From Normandy to Nicaea	[96]
From Nicaea to Antioch	[102]
Antioch, 1097-98	[104]
The advance upon Jerusalem	[108]
The capture of Jerusalem	[112]
The battle of Ascalon	[115]
Robert’s return from Jerusalem to Italy	[117]
Estimate of Robert as a crusader	[118]
CHAPTER V
Failure to Gain the English Crown	[120-137]
Death of William Rufus and accession of Henry I	[120]
Robert’s return from the Crusade	[123]
The end of Norman rule in Maine	[125]
Conspiracy to gain the English crown	[127]
Norman invasion of England	[130]
The treaty of Alton, 1101	[134]
CHAPTER VI
The Loss of Normandy	[138-176]
Sequel to the treaty of Alton	[138]
Robert Curthose and Robert of Bellême	[141]
Private war in Normandy and intervention of Henry I	[144]
Robert and the church	[150]
Preparations of Henry I for the conquest of Normandy	[155]
English invasion of Normandy, 1105	[161]
The campaign of Tinchebray, 1106	[171]
CHAPTER VII
Last Years and Death	[177-189]
Settlement of Normandy after Tinchebray	[177]
Disposal of the captives	[179]
William Clito, last hope of a lost cause	[180]
Robert’s vicissitudes in captivity	[186]
Death of Robert Curthose	[189]
CHAPTER VIII
Robert Curthose in Legend	[190-202]
Early growth of legends concerning Robert	[190]
His legendary exploits on the Crusade	[193]
His refusal of the crown of Jerusalem	[197]
Legends connected with his long imprisonment	[200]
The tale of the scarlet robe	[201]
APPENDICES
A. Note on the Sources	[205-210]
B. De Iniusta Vexatione Willelmi Episcopi Primi	[211-216]
C. Arnulf of Chocques, Chaplain of Robert Curthose	[217-220]
D. Robert’s Companions on the Crusade	[221-229]
E. Laodicea and the First Crusade	[230-244]
F. The Battle of Tinchebray	[245-248]
G. The Robert Medallion in Suger’s Stained-Glass Window at Saint-Denis	[249-252]
INDEX	[253-271]

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Actus Pontificum	Actus Pontificum Cenomannis in Urbe degentium, ed. G. Busson and A. Ledru. Le Mans, 1902.
A.-S. C.	The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ed. Charles Plummer, under the title Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel. 2 vols. Oxford, 1892-99.
Davis, Regesta	H. W. C. Davis, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i (1066-1100). Oxford, 1913.
E. H. R.	English Historical Review. London, 1886-.
G. F.	Anonymi Gesta Francorum et Aliorum Hierosolymitanorum, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer. Heidelberg, 1890.
Hagenmeyer, Chronologie	Heinrich Hagenmeyer, Chronologie de la première croisade (1094-1100). Paris, 1902. Also in Revue de l’Orient latin, vi-viii (1898-1901).
Haskins	Charles H. Haskins, Norman Institutions. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1918. Harvard Historical Studies, xxiv.
H. C. A.	Recueil des historiens des croisades. Publié pas les soins de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Documents arméniens. 2 vols. Paris, 1869-1906.
H. C. G.	The same. Historiens grecs. 2 vols. Paris, 1875-81.
H. C. Oc.	The same. Historiens occidentaux. 5 vols. Paris, 1841-95.
H. C. Or.	The same. Historiens orientaux. 5 vols. Paris, 1872-1906.
H. F.	Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, ed. Martin Bouquet and others. 24 vols. Paris, 1738-1904.
Kreuzzugsbriefe	Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088-1100: Eine Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer. Innsbruck, 1901.
Le Hardy	Gaston Le Hardy, Le dernier des ducs normands: Étude de critique historique sur Robert Courte-Heuse, in Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie, x (Caen, 1882), pp. 3-184.
M. G. H.	Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Hanover, etc., 1826-.
Migne	Patrologiae Cursus Completus, ed. J. P. Migne. Series Latina. 221 vols. Paris, 1844-64.
Ordericus	Ordericus Vitalis, Historiae Ecclesiasticae Libri Tredecim, ed. Auguste Le Prévost. 5 vols. Paris, 1838-55.
Round, C. D. F.	J. H. Round, Calendar of Documents preserved in France illustrative of the History of Great Britain and Ireland, i (918-1206). London, 1899 (Calendars of State Papers).
Simeon, H. D. E.	Simeon of Durham, Historia Dunelmensis Ecclesiae, in his Opera Omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold, i. London, 1882.
Simeon, H. R.	Idem, Historia Regum, ibid., ii. London, 1885.
William of Jumièges	William of Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, ed. Jean Marx. Paris, 1914.
William of Malmesbury, G. P.	William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum Libri Quinque, ed. N. E. S. A. Hamilton. London, 1870.
William of Malmesbury, G. R.	Idem, De Gestis Regum Anglorum Libri Quinque, ed. William Stubbs. 2 vols. London, 1887-89.

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Northwestern France and southern England with principal places referred to in text

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