Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy

by Charles W. David

[11] Montfaucon, Monumens, i, planches liii, liv, opposite p. 396.

[12] See supra, p. 116; cf. Revue de l’art chrétien, 1890, p. 300.

[13] Supra, p. 116.

---

INDEX

Mediaeval names of persons are arranged alphabetically under the English form of the Christian name.

• Abbeville (Somme), [40, note].
• Abingdon (Berkshire), chronicle of, [31], [207];
• abbey, [31];
• abbot, see [Adelelm].
• Absalom, [20].
• Acopars, [196].
• Acre (Palestine), [111, note].
• Actus Pontificum Cenomannis in Urbe degentium, [205].
• Adam, canon of the church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, [229].
• Adams, G. B., [212].
• Adela, countess of Blois and Chartres, sister of Robert Curthose, [168].
• Adelelm, abbot of Abingdon, [31].
• Adelina, daughter of Robert of Meulan, [146].
• Aderbal, scolae minister, [73, note].
• Adhemar, bishop of Le Puy, papal representative on the First Crusade, [102], [106], [108], [111].
• Administration of Normandy under Robert Curthose, [80-81].
• Adrastus, [37].
• Adriatic sea, [98].
• Aegean sea, [100].
• Agnes de Ribemont, sister of Anselm de Ribemont and wife of Walter Giffard, [147].
• Aid (auxilium) taken from the English barons by William Rufus (1096), [92].
• Aimeric de Villeray, [22], [23].
• Aksonkor, see [Kasim ed-daula Aksonkor].
• Alan Fergant, duke of Brittany, [94], [172], [174], [221], [227], [247, note].
• Alan, son of Ralph de Gael, [221], [226].
• Alan, steward of Archbishop Baldric of Dol, [94], [221].
• Alberic, comes, [37, note], [41, note].
• Alberic, son of Hugh of Grandmesnil, [21, note], [22], [93], [221].
• Alberic de Milesse, [74, note].
• Albert of Aix, chronicler, [198], [208], [217], [228], [235], [236], [237], [238], [241], [242].
• Aldhun, bishop of Durham, [213].
• Alençon (Orne), [9], [43], [76].
• Aleppo (Syria), [230].
• Aleppo road, [105].
• Alexandria (Egypt), [47].
• Alexiad, see [Anna Comnena].
• Alexius I Comnenus, Greek emperor, [100], [101], [102], [105], [109], [112], [117], [118], [230], [233-236, passim], [238], [239], [240], [242], [243], [244].
• Almenèches (Orne), abbey, [140], [142], [143];
• abbess, see [Emma].
• Alost (East Flanders), [186].
• Alps, mountains, [96], [120], [184], [233].
• Alton (Hampshire), [131], [133], [172];
• treaty of, [141], [144, note], [148], [157].
• Amalfi (province of Salerno), [97].
• Amaury de Montfort, [145], [146].
• Amendelis, reputed messenger of Kilij Arslan, [193, note].
• Ancenis (Loire-Inférieure), [223].
• Andronicus Tzintzilucas, [234], [238].
• Angers (Maine-et-Loire), abbeys at, see [Saint-Aubin], [Saint-Nicolas].
• Anglo-Flemish relations, [155-156], [181], [182], [185].
• Anglo-French relations during the reign of Henry I, [122], [155], [181], [182-185].
• Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, [24], [45], [83], [95], [136], [206].
• Anjou, relations of Henry I with, [156];
• counts of, see [Fulk IV], [Fulk V], [Geoffrey II], [Geoffrey III], [Geoffrey IV].
• Anna Comnena, daughter of Emperor Alexius I, [209], [234], [236], [238];
• Alexiad, [209].
• Annals of Renaud, [34].
• Annals of Winchester, see [Winchester].
• ‘Anonymous of York,’ [82, note].
• Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, [81], [83], [84], [92, note], [121], [122], [127-130, passim], [132], [136, note], [154], [168-171, passim], [177], [178], [206], [208], [212], [213].
• Anselm de Ribemont, [231].
• Antioch (Syria), [93], [94], [104], [105], [106-109, passim], [111], [112], [114], [139], [190], [191], [194], [221], [222], [224], [226], [227], [228], [231-242, passim], [251];
• see [St. Peter, church of].
• Anti-pope, see [Clement III].
• Antwerp, [235].
• Apennines, mountains, [96].
• Apulia, [98], [112, note], [193].
• Aquitaine, [24], [38].
• Arabia, [113].
• Ardevon (Manche), [64].
• Argences (Calvados), [85, note].
• Argentan (Orne), [85], [127], [141], [144, note], [178].
• Arka (Syria), [110], [111], [241], [242].
• Arnold, bishop of Le Mans, [35].
• Arnold, Thomas, [214].
• Arnulf, brother of Robert of Bellême, [127], [140], [142].
• Arnulf of Chocques, chaplain of Robert Curthose, [95], [111], [115], [116], [217-220], [221].
• Arnulf of Hesdin, [95], [222].
• Arques (Seine-Inférieure), [55], [75, note], [165, note].
• Arundel (Sussex), [139].
• Ascalon (Palestine), [115-116], [119], [125, note], [197, note], [251], [252].
• Ascelin Goël, [78], [145], [146].
• Asia Minor, [104].
• Atenas, legendary Turkish king, [197].
• Athyra (modern Bojuk Tchekmedche, Thrace), [99, note].
• Auberville (Calvados), [79].
• Aubrée la Grosse, [222], [223].
• Aumale (Seine-Inférieure), [60];
• count of, see [Stephen].
• Avranches (Manche), [49], [62], [63], [75], [78], [81], [174].
• Azzo, marquis of Este, [72, note].
• Bagora, Mount (Macedonia), [99, note].
• Bagulatus, Mons, see [Bagora].
• Baldric, archbishop of Dol, historian of the First Crusade, [208], [221].
• Baldwin, count of Edessa, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, [104, note], [111], [196, note], [235].
• Baldwin V, count of Flanders, [4], [155, note].
• Baldwin VII, count of Flanders, [182].
• Ballinger, John, [188, note].
• Ballon (Sarthe), castle, [70], [71], [225].
• Bardarium, see [Vardar].
• Barfleur (Manche), [161], [164].
• Bari (province of Bari), [97], [98];
• see [St. Nicholas, church of].
• Barnwell (Cambridgeshire), priory, [95], [225].
• Bartholomew, abbot of Marmoutier, [12].
• Bath, bishop of, see [John].
• Battle of Ascalon, [115-116];
• of Brémule, [182];
• of Dorylaeum, [103];
• of Gerberoy, [26-27];
• with Kerboga of Mosul, [107];
• of Tinchebray, [173-176], [245-248].
• Baudart, [196].
• Bavent (Calvados), [71, note], [75], [79].
• Bayeux (Calvados), [15, note], [16], [51, note], [53, note], [55, note], [91, note], [153, note], [159], [160], [165], [166], [167], [225];
• bishop of, see [Odo], [Thorold].
• Bazoge, La (Sarthe), [224].
• Beaumont-le-Roger (Eure), [140], [145], [156].
• Beaumont-sur-Sarthe (Sarthe), [14].
• Beauvais, abbey at, see [Saint-Quentin].
• Bec-Hellouin (Eure), Le, abbey, [81], [83], [165, note], [171], [226].
• Belial, [163].
• Bellême (Orne), [43], [76];
• house of, see [Talvas].
• Bellou-sur-Huîne (Orne), [228].
• Bernard, abbot of Marmoutier, [223].
• Bernard, son of Walter of Saint-Valery, [94], [222].
• Bertrada de Montfort, [71], [75].
• Bessin, [159], [160], [166, note], [174].
• Bibliothèque Nationale, [207].
• Biota, daughter of Herbert Éveille-Chien, [8], [9].
• Blanchelande, see [La Bruère].
• Blois, count of, see [Stephen];
• countess of, see [Adela].
• Bofinat, see [Vodena].
• Bohemond, prince of Taranto, eldest son of Robert Guiscard, leader of the First Crusade, [97-98], [100], [102], [104], [105], [107], [108], [109], [112], [114], [117], [118], [119], [193], [198], [240], [241], [242], [243], [244].
• Böhmer, Heinrich, [82, note], [165, note].
• Bonneville-sur-Touques (Calvados), [12, note], [14, note], [15], [19], [29], [40, note].
• Botella, see [Monastir].
• Boulogne, counts of, see [Eustace II], [Eustace III].
• Brémule (Eure), battle of, [182].
• Breteuil succession, war of the, [144-146], [156].
• Bretons on the First Crusade, [94].
• Bréval (Seine-et-Oise), siege of, [78].
• Bridgenorth (Shropshire), [139].
• Brindisi (province of Lecce), [99].
• Brionne (Eure), [43], [75], [76].
• Bristol (Gloucestershire), [186].
• British Museum, [154, note].
• Brittany, relations of Henry I with, [156];
• dukes of, see [Hoël], [Alan Fergant].
• Bruno, citizen of Lucca, [107, note], [232].
• Bulgaria, [100].
• Bures (Seine-Inférieure), [55], [75, note], [85].
• Caen (Calvados), [31, note], [42], [60, note], [65], [66], [80], [124], [125, note], [159], [160], [166], [167], [170], [191], [219];
• abbeys, see [La Trinité], [Saint-Étienne].
• Caesarea (Palestine), [110, note].
• Caesarea Mazaca (Cappadocia), [104, note].
• Cafaro of Genoa, [230, note], [236], [240].
• Cagny (Calvados), [166, note].
• Calabria, [43, note], [98].
• Calixtus II, pope, [183].
• Calloenses, [56].
• Campus Martius, [84].
• Canterbury, [125, note], [150];
• archbishops of, see [Lanfranc], [Anselm], [Ralph], [William].
• Cardiff (Glamorganshire), castle, [138], [186-189, passim].
• Carentan (Manche), [161], [164].
• Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Saint-Vincent du Mans, [208].
• Castellum Vallium, truce of, [33].
• Caux, pays de, [160].
• Cecilia, daughter of William the Conqueror, abbess of La Trinité at Caen, [95], [124], [219].
• Chalandon, Ferdinand, [100, note], [117], [234], [236], [238], [239].
• Chanson d’Antioche, [195], [196], [210], [250].
• Chanson de Jérusalem, [197], [198], [210].
• Chanson de Roland, [153, note].
• Charlemagne, [192, note].
• Charles the Good, count of Flanders, [185].
• Charroux (Vienne), [142].
• Charter of Liberties of Henry I, [122].
• Chartes de Saint-Julien de Tours, [207].
• Chartres, bishop of, see [Ivo];
• count of, see [Stephen];
• countess of, see [Adela].
• Château-Gontier (Mayenne), [77], [141].
• Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais (Eure-et-Loir), [22].
• Chaumont-en-Vexin (Oise), [85, note], [96, note], [185].
• Cherbourg (Manche), [60], [62], [63].
• Chester, earls of, see [Hugh], [Richard].
• Chetelhulmum, see [Quettehou].
• Cheux (Calvados), [150].
• Chevalier au Cygne, [192, note].
• Chevalier au Cygne et Godefroid de Bouillon, [210].
• Chichester, bishop of, see [Ralph].
• Chocques (Pas-de-Calais), [217].
• Chrisopolis, see [Pravista].
• Christopolis, see [Kavala].
• Chronique de Morigny, [206].
• Church, see [English church], [Norman church].
• Cilicia, [233, note].
• Cilician Gates, [104].
• Cintheaux (Calvados), [167].
• Clarence, river, [217].
• Clement III (Guibert), anti-pope, [97].
• Clermont (Puy-de-Dôme), council of, [88], [89], [90], [93], [223], [224].
• Companions of Robert Curthose on the Crusade, [93-95], [221-229].
• Compiègne (Oise), [29, note];
• abbey, see [Saint-Corneille].
• Conan, citizen of Bayeux, [165].
• Conan de Lamballe, son of Geoffrey I, called Boterel, count of Lamballe, [94], [222].
• Conan, son of Gilbert Pilatus, citizen of Rouen, [56], [57], [58].
• Conan’s Leap, [58].
• Conches (Eure), [58].
• Conquest of Normandy by Henry I, [155-179].
• Constantinople, [98], [99], [100], [112, note], [117], [244].
• Consuetudines et Iusticie, [65].
• Corbonnais, [21], [22].
• Cotentin, [49], [62], [63], [64, note], [75], [78], [79], [80], [123, note], [124], [134], [157], [160], [161], [174];
• count of the, see [Henry I].
• Couesnon, river, [64].
• Councils, ecclesiastical, see [Clermont], [Rheims], [Rouen];
• ducal or royal, see [Lisieux], [Rockingham], [Winchester].
• Courcy (Calvados), [59], [77].
• Coutances (Manches), [62], [63], [81].
• Coxon (ancient Cocussus in Cappadocia), [104, note].
• Cross, see [Holy Cross].
• Crusade, First, [77], [89-119], [123], [124], [125], [127], [149], [150], [156], [190], [192-199], [208-209], [217], [218], [219], [220], [221-244], [249-252].
• Crusaders, see [Companions of Robert Curthose].
• Curia ducis, [76], [80].
• Curse laid upon Robert Curthose by his father, [27].
• Cyprus, island, [105], [230], [231], [232, note], [233], [234, note], [238], [239].
• Daemonis flumen, see [Skumbi].
• Dagobert, archbishop of Pisa, patriarch of Jerusalem, [232], [243].
• Dallington (Northampton or Sussex), [167].
• Danegeld, [92].
• Dapifer of Philip I, king of France, [23].
• David, king of Israel, [162].
• David I, king of Scotland, son of Malcolm Canmore, [186, note].
• Davis, H. W. C., [36, note], [97, note], [233, note], [245], [246], [247];
• Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, [207].
• De Iniusta Vexatione Willelmi Episcopi Primi, [211-216].
• Delbrück, Hans, [245], [246], [247].
• Delisle, Léopold, [246].
• Devizes (Wiltshire), [180].
• Dijon, abbot of, see [Gerento].
• Dol (Ille-et-Vilaine), siege of, [23], [32];
• bishop of, see [Baldric].
• Domfront (Orne), [77], [78], [87], [89], [123, note], [124], [134], [135], [157], [158].
• Dorylaeum (Phrygia), battle of, [103], [104], [193], [194].
• Doubs, river, [96].
• Dover (Kent), [58, note], [73, note], [87], [128], [155, note].
• Downton (Wiltshire), [36].
• Dreux de Monchy, [222].
• Drummond, J. D., [245], [246], [247].
• Duncan, son of King Malcolm, [42].
• Durand, abbot of Troarn, [53, note].
• Durazzo (Illyria), [99].
• Durham, [67], [136], [177], [212], [213], [215], [216, note];
• bishops of, see [Aldhun], [William of Saint-Calais], [Ranulf Flambard].
• Eadmer, [132], [167], [212];
• Historia Novorum in Anglia, [206].
• East Anglia, [47].
• Easter celebration at Carentan, [161-164].
• Eccles (Berwickshire), [31].
• Écrammeville (Calvados), [79].
• Edessa (Mesopotamia), [104, note], [112];
• count of, see [Baldwin].
• Edgar Atheling, grandson of Edmund Ironside, [67], [175], [232], [233], [236], [237].
• Edgar, king of Scotland, son of Malcolm Canmore, [236].
• Edith, sister of William of Warenne, wife of Gerard of Gournay, [222].
• Edward the Confessor, king of England, [12], [122].
• Elbeuf-sur-Andelle (Seine-Inférieure), [177, note].
• El-Bukeia (Syria), valley of, [110].
• Emelota, see [Emma].
• Émendreville (modern Saint-Sever, suburb of Rouen), [57].
• Emma, abbess of Almenèches, sister of Robert of Bellême, [140], [142, note].
• Emma (or Emelota), niece of Arnulf of Chocques, [218].
• Emma, daughter of William Fitz Osbern, wife of Ralph de Gael, [222], [236].
• English church, taxed by William Rufus, [92];
• supports Henry I, [132].
• English Historical Review, [246], [247].
• English mariners on the First Crusade, [95], [105-106], [231-232], [236-237].
• Enguerran, son of Ilbert de Lacy, [160], [166].
• Enguerrand, son of Count Hugh of Saint-Pol, [94], [222].
• Eraclea, see [Eregli].
• Eregli (Thrace), [99, note].
• Eremburg, daughter of Helias of La Flèche, [126].
• Ernest de Buron, [215].
• Eu (Seine-Inférieure), [55], [59], [60], [84], [86], [87];
• counts of, see [Henry], [Robert].
• Eulogium Historiarum, [210].
• Eumathios Philocales, duke of Cyprus, [236], [240].
• Eustace II, count of Boulogne, [47], [51].
• Eustace III, count of Boulogne, [115], [118, note], [135], [222].
• Eustace, natural son of William of Breteuil, [144], [145], [146], [156].
• Eustace Garnier, lord of Caesarea, [218].
• Évrecin, [144].
• Evremar of Chocques, patriarch of Jerusalem, [217, note].
• Évreux, bishop of, see [Gilbert];
• count of, see [William].
• Exmes (Orne), [75], [77], [143].
• Falaise (Calvados), castle, [9], [167], [170], [171], [177], [178], [180];
• vicomté of, [178].
• Farrer, W., [207, note].
• Fécamp, abbey, see [La Trinité];
• letter of a priest of Fécamp to a priest of Séez, [245-248, passim].
• Feudal anarchy (or private war) in Normandy, [43-44], [53], [58], [75-80], [123], [140-146], [159-160].
• Firth of Forth, [67, note].
• Flanders, [28], [59], [155];
• counts of, see [Baldwin V], [Robert the Frisian], [Robert of Jerusalem], [Baldwin VII], [Charles the Good], [William Clito].
• Fliche, Augustin, [85, note], [86, note].
• Florence of Worcester, [68], [206], [211], [214], [216].
• Flores Historiarum, [201], [210].
• Florinensis Brevis Narratio Belli Sacri, [231].
• Fourches (Calvados), castle of Robert of Bellême, [77], [141].
• Freeman, E. A., [4, note], [9, note], [23, note], [26, note], [34, note], [55, note], [66, note], [67, note], [95, note], [118], [119], [127, note], [130, note], [134, note], [211], [215].
• Fresnay (Sarthe), [14], [70, note].
• Frisia, [235].
• Fulcher of Chartres, historian of the First Crusade, [95], [101], [209], [223];
• Historia Hierosolymitana, [208].
• Fulcher, bishop of Lisieux, brother of Ranulf Flambard, [151].
• Fulcher, son of Walter, [179, note].
• Fulk IV le Réchin, count of Anjou, [15], [32-35, passim], [70], [71], [74], [75], [125], [126].
• Fulk V le Jeune, count of Anjou, son of Fulk le Réchin, [182], [184].
• Fulk of Aunou-le-Faucon, [226].
• Fulk, abbot of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, [150], [171, note].
• Gacé (Calvados), [71, note], [75], [79].
• Gaillefontaine (Seine-Inférieure), [54].
• Galbert of Bruges, Histoire du meurtre de Charles le Bon, [206].
• Gascony, [24], [38].
• Gavray (Manche), [62].
• Genealogy of the counts of Maine, [8, note].
• Genêts (Manche), [64].
• Gentleman’s Magazine, [187].
• Geoffrey II Martel, count of Anjou, [7].
• Geoffrey III le Barbu, count of Anjou, [8], [9].
• Geoffrey IV Martel, the Younger, count of Anjou, [164].
• Geoffrey Chotard, baron of Ancenis, [223].
• Geoffrey of Conversano, [118].
• Geoffrey Gaimar, [191], [209].
• Geoffrey, son of Riou de Lohéac, [227].
• Geoffrey of Mayenne, [70], [72].
• Geoffrey of Mortagne II, count of Perche, son of Rotrou I, [77], [94].
• Geoffrey, archbishop of Rouen, [183, note].
• Geoffrey de Vigeois, [201].
• George, Robert H., [155, note].
• Gerard of Gournay, [54], [56], [58], [60], [93].
• Gerard de Saint-Hilaire, [141].
• Gerberoy (Oise), [19], [20, note], [23], [25-28, passim], [35], [39], [40, note].
• Gerento, abbot of Saint-Bénigne of Dijon, [91], [93], [96], [225].
• Gersent, daughter of Herbert Éveille-Chien, [72, note].
• Gesta Francorum, [208], [241], [251].
• Gesta Normannorum Ducum, see [William of Jumièges].
• Gesta Tancredi, see [Ralph of Caen].
• Gibraltar, [231].
• Gilbert, an architect (?), [223].
• Gilbert, bishop of Évreux, [93], [99], [151], [152], [223], [225].
• Gilbert of Laigle, [57], [75], [77].
• Gilbert Maminot, bishop of Lisieux, [151].
• Gilo, poet, [234].
• Gimildjina (Macedonia), [99, note].
• Gisors (Eure), [81], [82], [183], [185].
• Glamorgan, [186].
• Gloucester, [83];
• abbey of St. Peter, [27], [167, note], [189];
• abbot, see [Walter];
• cathedral, [189].
• Godfrey, duke of Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade, [100], [102], [108, note], [109], [110], [112], [113], [119], [192, note], [195], [197, note], [235], [241];
• ruler of the Latin Kingdom, [114-117, passim], [191], [198], [199];
• poetic cycle of the Crusade, [192, note], [194], [195], [196].
• Godfrey of Jumièges, abbot of Malmesbury, [92, note].
• Gonnor, wife of Riou de Lohéac, [227].
• Gontier d’Aunay, [159], [160], [162], [165].
• Gontier, inhabitant of Laigle, [21].
• Gouffern (Orne), forest of, [127], [144, note].
• Gournay (Seine-Inférieure), [54], [56].
• Grandor of Douai, trouvère, [192, note], [197, note].
• Gravençon (Seine-Inférieure), [71, note], [75].
• Great St. Bernard, pass over the Alps, [96].
• Gregory VII, pope, [30].
• Guibert, anti-pope, see [Clement III].
• Guibert of Nogent, [208], [234], [239], [240].
• Guinemer of Boulogne, pirate chief, [235], [237], [238].
• Guise, W. V., [189, note].
• Gulfer, son of Aimeric de Villeray, [23].
• Guy, son of Gerard le Duc, [223].
• Guy de Sarcé, [224].
• Hagenmeyer, Heinrich, [96, note], [104, note], [209], [250], [251].
• Hainovilla, [79].
• Halphen, Louis, [9, note].
• Hamo de Huna, [224].
• Harim (Syria), [105].
• Harold, king of the English, [12, note], [40], [232, note].
• Harvard Historical Studies, [207].
• Haskins, C. H., [81, note], [207], [217, note].
• Hastings (Sussex), [73, note], [84], [86];
• battle of Hastings or Senlac, [12, note], [15, note].
• Helias, count of Maine, son of John of La Flèche, [70], [71], [72], [74], [94], [95, note], [125], [126], [164], [167], [174], [178], [247].
• Helias of Saint-Saëns, [39], [55], [75], [85], [181];
• his wife a natural daughter of Robert Curthose, [39].
• Henry, earl of Warwick, son of Roger of Beaumont, [28], [128].
• Henry, son of William de Colombières, [229].
• Henry I, king of England and duke of Normandy, [6], [21], [36, note], [39], [41, note], [42], [49], [52-61, passim], [66], [74], [75], [78], [79], [81], [87], [89], [124], [125], [126], [138-154, passim], [177-186, passim], [200], [201], [202], [225], [247];
• at war with William Rufus and Robert Curthose in the Cotentin, [62-65];
• gains the English crown, [120-123];
• his war with Robert Curthose for possession of England, [127-137];
• his conquest of Normandy, [155-176].
• Henry II, king of England, [18], [155, note], [200].
• Henry, count of Eu, [158].
• Henry Fitz Henry, the Young King, [18].
• Henry of Huntingdon, [89], [179], [194], [198], [200], [246], [247].
• Henry Knighton, [210].
• Herbert I Éveille-Chien, count of Maine, [71].
• Herbert II, count of Maine, [7], [8].
• Herbert Losinga, bishop of Thetford or Norwich, [59, note], [136, note].
• Hervé, son of Dodeman, [224].
• Hervé, son of Guyomark, count of Léon, [224].
• Hiémois, [77], [141], [143], [166].
• Hilgot, abbot of Saint-Ouen, Rouen, [223].
• Hippeau, Célestin, [196, note].
• Histoire du meurtre de Charles le Bon, see [Galbert of Bruges].
• Historia Belli Sacri (same as Tudebodus Imitatus et Continuatus), [107, note], [198], [199].
• Historia Dunelmensis Ecclesiae, see [Simeon of Durham].
• Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, see [Raymond of Aguilers].
• Historia Hierosolymitana, see [Fulcher of Chartres].
• Historia Novorum in Anglia, see [Eadmer].
• Historia Regum, see [Simeon of Durham].
• Hoël, duke of Brittany, [33, note].
• Hoël, bishop of Le Mans, [35], [69], [71-74, passim].
• Holy Cross, [113, note].
• Holy fire, see [Miracle of the holy fire].
• Holy Lance, [111].
• Holy Land, [90], [116], [119], [208], [233], [237].
• Holy see, see [Papacy].
• Holy Sepulchre, [91], [94], [113, note], [114], [119];
• church of the, [114], [116], [125, note], [199].
• Holy shroud at Compiègne, [29, note].
• Holy War, see [Crusade].
• Homage of King Malcolm to William Rufus, [67-68];
• of the Norman barons to Robert Curthose, [12], [15], [19], [40];
• of the Norman barons to William Atheling, [184];
• of Robert Curthose to Fulk le Réchin, count of Anjou, [34];
• of Robert Curthose and Margaret of Maine to Geoffrey le Barbu, count of Anjou, [9-10];
• of William, count of Évreux, to Henry I, [158].
• Hubert, cardinal legate of Gregory VII, [34, note].
• Hubert, vicomte of Maine, [35].
• Hugh of Amiens, archbishop of Rouen, [179, note].
• Hugh of Avranches, earl of Chester, [59], [62], [63], [79].
• Hugh Bunel, son of Robert de Jalgeio, [112, note].
• Hugh of Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais, [22], [24].
• Hugh d’Envermeu, [165, note].
• Hugh of Este, count of Maine, grandson of Herbert Éveille-Chien, [72], [73], [74].
• Hugh of Flavigny, [91, note], [96].
• Hugh of Gournay, [28].
• Hugh of Grandmesnil, [28].
• Hugh II, count of Jaffa, [218].
• Hugh de Monteil, brother of bishop Adhemar of Le Puy, [240, note].
• Hugh de Montpinçon, brother-in-law of Robert of Grandmesnil, [141].
• Hugh de Nonant, [143], [160], [162], [177].
• Hugh Painel, [59, note].
• Hugh, count of Saint-Pol, [118, note].
• Hugh of Vermandois, called the Great, brother of King Philip I, [102], [112], [118, note].
• Ibn el-Athir, [209].
• Ilger, tutor of Robert Curthose, [6].
• Ingelbaudus, [224].
• Inquest of Caen (1091) concerning ducal rights in Normandy, [60, note], [65-66], [80].
• Insurrection at Rouen, [56-58];
• of the Manceaux at Sainte-Suzanne, [35].
• Investiture controversy in England, [127], [129], [132], [136, note], [154], [168-169], [171];
• in Normandy, [128], [154-155].
• Iolo Morganwg, see [Williams, Edward].
• Iron Bridge (Djisr el-Hadid), [104].
• Isle of Wight, [68].
• Ivo, canonist and bishop of Chartres, [84, note], [85, note], [96, note], [151-153], [168], [208].
• Ivo, son of Hugh of Grandmesnil, [21, note], [22], [93], [107, note], [108, note], [127], [139], [224].
• Ivo Taillebois, [215].
• Ivry (Eure), [75], [76], [78], [145].
• Jaffa (Palestine), [232], [241, note].
• Jasper, duke of Bedford, [187].
• Jebeleh (Syria), [117], [241], [243].
• Jehoshaphat, valley of, at Jerusalem, [113].
• Jericho (Palestine), [117].
• Jerusalem, [39], [90, note], [92, note], [94], [95], [108], [109], [110-113, passim], [116], [125, note], [184], [190], [191], [197], [198], [199], [221-226, passim], [229], [233], [235], [236], [241], [242], [251];
• Tower of David at, [114];
• patriarchs of, see Amulf, [Dagobert], [Evremar].
• Jesus College, Oxford, MS., [247].
• John, bishop of Bath, [136, note].
• John of La Flèche, [32], [33], [34].
• John of Meulan, wealthy burgess, [145], [146], [156].
• Jordan, river, [117].
• Judicaël, bishop of Saint-Malo, [227].
• Julian Alps, see [Alps].
• Juliana, natural daughter of Henry I, [145], [156].
• Kafartab (Syria), [110], [236].
• Kasim ed-daula Aksonkor, [230].
• Kavala (Macedonia), [99, note], [100].
• Kemal ed-Din, [209], [230], [238].
• Kent, earldom of Odo, bishop of Bayeux, [44], [46].
• Kerboga of Mosul, [94, note], [108], [111, note], [191], [192, note], [194], [195], [196], [197, note], [250], [251].
• Kilij Arslan (Soliman II), sultan of Iconium, [101-102], [103], [193, note].
• Krüger, A.-G., [196, note].
• La Bruère (Sarthe), treaty of, [33, note], [34], [35, note], [36].
• La Couture, abbey at Le Mans, [14, note], [73, note].
• La Ferté-en-Bray (Seine-Inférieure), [54], [55, note], [56], [59], [86].
• La Flèche (Sarthe), [33], [34].
• Laigle (Orne), [21], [22], [168], [171].
• Lance, see [Holy Lance].
• Lands of Matilda, claimed by Henry I, [52], [62].
• Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, [45].
• Laodicea ad Mare (Syria), [105], [106], [117], [230-244].
• Latakia, see [Laodicea].
• Latin Kingdom, [116], [197], [209], [218].
• Latouche, Robert, [7, note], [9, note], [11, note], [73, note].
• La Trinité, abbey at Caen, [62, note], [80];
• cartulary of, [79-80];
• abbess, see [Cecilia].
• La Trinité, abbey at Fécamp, [11], [43], [49, note], [51], [60], [81, note], [82], [229].
• Leeds (Yorkshire), [67, note].
• Legends of Robert Curthose on the Crusade, [190-200];
• during his long imprisonment, [200-202].
• Le Hardy, Gaston, [5, note], [205].
• Le Homme (modern L’Ile-Marie, Manche), [205].
• Le Houlme, district, [77].
• Leland, John, antiquary, [189, note].
• Le Mans (Sarthe), [7], [9], [14], [15], [69-73, passim], [90], [125], [126];
• bishopric of, [35];
• cathedral of, [229];
• historian of the bishops of, [69];
• right of patronage over the see of, [35], [72];
• abbeys, see [La Couture], [Saint-Vincent];
• bishops of, see [Arnold], [Hoël].
• Leo IX, pope, [4].
• Le Prévost, Auguste, [4, note], [127, note].
• Lessay (Manche), abbey of, [36, note].
• Levison, Wilhelm, [154, note].
• Liebermann, Felix, [212].
• Lincolnshire, [129, note].
• Lire (Eure), [144].
• Lisieux (Calvados), simony in connection with the episcopal succession to, [151-154], [177];
• councils at, [178];
• bishops of, see [Gilbert Maminot], [Fulcher].
• Livere de reis de Engletere, [210].
• Livre noir of Bayeux cathedral, [207].
• Lohéac (Ille-et-Vilaine), [227].
• Loire, river, [223].
• London, [87], [121], [131], [132];
• Tower of, [128], [179, note];
• bishop of, see [Maurice].
• Longueville (Seine-Inférieure), [54], [86].
• Lorraine, [24], [38].
• Lot, Ferdinand, [5, note], [13, note].
• Lothian, [31], [67], [68].
• Louis VI le Gros, king of France, [122], [155], [180], [182], [183], [185].
• Lucca (province of Lucca), [96].
• Luchaire, Achille, [18, note].
• Lucretia, see [Ochrida].
• Lys, river, [217].
• Mabel, sister of Robert of Bellême and wife of Hugh of Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais, [22].
• Mabel, wife of Roger of Montgomery, [112, note].
• Macra, see [Makri].
• Maine, direct rule of Geoffrey Martel established in, [7];
• William the Conqueror adopts a policy of intervention in, [7-8];
• Norman domination established in, [8-11];
• Norman domination overthrown, [14];
• reconquest by William the Conqueror, [14];
• aggressive policy of Fulk le Réchin in, [32-34];
• war between William and Fulk for possession of, [34];
• insurrection against Norman rule at Sainte-Suzanne, [35];
• loss of the county by Robert Curthose, [69-75];
• proposed expedition of Robert Curthose and William Rufus against, [61], [74];
• aggressive policy of William Rufus in, [125];
• end of Norman rule in, [125-126];
• relations of Henry I with, [156];
• counts of, see [Herbert I], [Herbert II], [Robert Curthose], [Hugh of Este], [Helias of La Flèche].
• Mainer, abbot of Saint-Évroul, [25].
• Makri (Thrace), [99, note].
• Malbrancq, Jacques, [217].
• Malcolm Canmore, king of Scotland, [30, note], [31], [65], [67], [68], [213], [215], [216].
• Malik el-Afdhal, grand vizier of Egypt, [115], [252].
• Malik-Shah, Seljuk sultan, [230].
• Malmesbury, abbot of, see [Godfrey of Jumièges].
• Malpalu, suburb of Rouen, [57].
• Mamistra (Cilicia), [235].
• Manasses, archbishop of Rheims, [231].
• Manceaux on the Crusade, [94].
• Mantes (Seine-et-Oise), [39], [185].
• Marash (Armenia), [95], [104, note], [208].
• Margaret, heiress of Maine, sister of Herbert II, [7-11, passim], [19].
• Margaret, queen of Scotland, sister of Edgar Atheling and wife of Malcolm Canmore, [122].
• Marmoutier (Indre-et-Loire), abbey, [73, note], [221], [223];
• abbots of, see [Bartholomew], [Bernard].
• Maromme (Seine-Inférieure), [164].
• Marra (Syria), [94], [109], [110], [222].
• Marriage of Henry I and Matilda, daughter of Malcolm Canmore, [122];
• of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, [4-5].
• Matilda, Queen, wife of William the Conqueror, [4-7, passim], [13], [24], [29], [30, note], [36, note], [37], [52], [62].
• Matilda, Queen, wife of Henry I, god-daughter of Robert Curthose, [122], [131, note], [148].
• Matilda, countess of Tuscany, [38].
• Matthew of Edessa, [209].
• Matthew Paris, [201], [210].
• Mauger Malherbe, [143, note].
• Maurice, bishop of London, [121].
• Meisine, rue (street in Caen), [160].
• Mély, Ferdinand, [250], [251].
• Messinopolis, see [Gimildjina].
• Meulan, count of, see [Robert].
• Meyer, Jacques de, [217].
• Meyer, Paul, [246].
• Milet, porte (gate at Caen), [160], [166, note].
• Miracle of the holy fire, [198-199].
• Moeller, Charles, [217], [218].
• Monastir (Macedonia), [99, note], [100].
• Mons Gaudii (Palestine), [229].
• Montaigu (Mayenne), castle of, [75, note], [77].
• Montbouin (Calvados), [79].
• Monte Cassino (province of Caserta), abbey, [97].
• Montensis (Baldwin comes de Monte), [118, note].
• Montfaucon, Bernard de, antiquary, [249-252, passim].
• Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche), abbey, [36, note], [49], [60], [63], [64], [65], [78], [124].
• Morel, Émile, [29, note].
• Mount Bagora, see [Bagora].
• Munkidhites, see [Shaizar].
• Nantes (Loire-Inférieure), [223].
• National Library of Wales, [188, note].
• Natura, see [Athyra].
• Neapolis (probably Malgera, Thrace), [99, note].
• Newcastle upon Tyne (Northumberland) [31].
• New Forest (Hampshire), [38], [120], [123], [124].
• Nicaea (Bithynia), [101], [102], [193], [221], [222], [224], [227], [228], [229], [251].
• Nicholas, brother of Guy de Sarcé, [224].
• Nicholas Saemundarson, abbot of Thingeyrar, [96, note].
• Nicomedia (Bithynia), [101].
• Norgate, Kate, [10, note].
• Norman church under Robert Curthose, [53], [54, note], [81-82], [150].
• Norman Conquest of England, [12], [14], [15], [19], [32].
• Northampton, [169].
• Northumberland, [31], [47].
• Norwich, bishop of, see [Herbert Losinga].
• Notre-Dame-du-Pré, priory at Émendreville, [57].
• Noyon-sur-Andelle (modern Charleval, Eure), [71, note], [75].
• Nuns of Almenèches, [140], [142, note];
• of La Trinité at Caen, [79-80], [81].
• Ochrida (Macedonia), [99, note], [100].
• Odo, bishop of Bayeux, [16], [18, note], [36, note], [44], [45], [47], [53-55, passim], [69], [70], [93], [98-99], [153], [165], [214], [215], [223], [224].
• Odo, bishop of Treves, [24].
• Oissel-sur-Seine (Seine-Inférieure), [36].
• Oliver de Fresnay, [143].
• Oliver, one of the ‘twelve peers’ of Charlemagne, [194, note].
• Oman, C. W. C., [245], [246], [248].
• Omont, Henri, [73, note].
• Ordericus Vitalis, [4], [19], [21], [24], [34], [36], [37], [38], [44], [53], [65], [70], [79], [81], [116], [127], [128], [135], [140], [141], [147], [158], [159], [161], [163], [164], [173], [205], [206], [208], [225], [232], [233], [236], [237], [239], [240], [245], [246], [247], [248].
• Orne, river, [77], [160].
• Orontes, river, [104], [110].
• Osmond de Gaprée, [70, note].
• Otranto (province of Lecce), [193].
• Pain de Mondoubleau, [70], [223], [225].
• Pain Peverel, [95], [225-226].
• Pain, brother of Guy de Sarcé, [224].
• Palermo (Sicily), [98], [220], [223], [225];
• cathedral of St. Mary at, [99], [225].
• Palestine, see [Holy Land].
• Palgrave, Sir Francis, [97, note], [118, note].
• Panados (Thrace), [99, note].
• Papacy, relations with Henry I, [169];
• with Robert Curthose, [82], [153-155].
• Paris, Gaston, [192], [250].
• Paris, Paulin, [196, note], [197, note].
• Pascal II, pope, [152], [153], [154], [171, note], [208], [218].
• Patronage over the bishopric of Le Mans, [72].
• Paula, daughter of Herbert Éveille-Chien, mother of Helias of La Flèche, [71].
• Peckham (Kent), [92, note].
• Penarth (Glamorganshire), promontory of, [188, note].
• Pension paid by Henry I to Robert Curthose, [134], [138], [148];
• by William Rufus to Malcolm, king of Scotland, [68].
• Perche, [94];
• counts of, see [Geoffrey], [Rotrou].
• Persians, [196].
• Peter the Hermit, [101].
• Peter Langtoft, [199], [210].
• Pevensey (Sussex), [47], [49], [50], [52], [130].
• Pfister, Christian, [5, note].
• Philip of Bellême, called the Clerk, fifth son of Roger of Montgomery, [93], [226].
• Philip I, king of France, [12], [23], [25-29, passim], [38, note], [39], [55], [56], [59], [70], [73, note], [78], [81-87, passim], [122], [164], [170], [180].
• Philip II Augustus, king of France, [192, note].
• Philippensium, see [Vallis Philippensium].
• Pigeonneau, Henri, [197, note].
• Pilatenses, faction at Rouen, [56].
• Pillet, Jean, [29, note].
• Pirates in the English Channel, [52, note];
• in the eastern Mediterranean, [105], [235], [237-238].
• Pisa, archbishop of, see [Dagobert].
• Pledge of Normandy to William Rufus for a loan of 10,000 marks, [91], [95-96].
• Po, river, [96].
• Poem in the Welsh language attributed to Robert Curthose, [187-188].
• Poitou, [90].
• Polynices the Theban, [37].
• Pontarlier (Doubs), [96].
• Ponthieu, [40, note].
• Pontoise (Seine-et-Oise), [85, note], [96, note], [185].
• Pont-Saint-Pierre (Eure), [71, note], [75].
• Popes, see [Leo IX], [Gregory VII], [Urban II], [Pascal II], [Calixtus II].
• Porchester (Hampshire), [130, note].
• Porte Milet, see [Milet].
• Port St. Simeon (Syria), port of Antioch, [231].
• Portsmouth (Hampshire), [130].
• Praetoria, see [Yenidjeh].
• Pravista (Macedonia), [99, note].
• Preparations for the Crusade, [92-96].
• Private war in England, [139];
• in Normandy, see [Feudal anarchy].
• Prou, Maurice, [26, note].
• Public Record Office, [155, note].
• Quarrel between Bohemond and Raymond over the possession of Antioch, [108-109];
• between Godfrey and Raymond over possession of the Tower of David at Jerusalem, [114-115];
• quarrels between Robert and his father, [16-41].
• Quettehou (Manche), [62, note], [80].
• Raherius consiliarius infantis, [6].
• Rainerius de Pomera, [226].
• Ralph of Caen, [193], [208], [209], [218], [219], [222], [228], [232], [233], [234], [239];
• Gesta Tancredi, [193], [208], [219].
• Ralph, bishop of Chichester, [59, note].
• Ralph II of Conches (or de Toeny), [22], [43], [58], [60], [70], [78], [140].
• Ralph III of Conches (or de Toeny), son of Ralph II, [145], [146], [156-157].
• Ralph de Diceto, [209].
• Ralph Fitz Anseré, [49, note].
• Ralph Fitz Bernard, [125, note].
• Ralph de Gael, one time earl of Norfolk, crusader, [16, note], [94], [226].
• Ralph of Mortemer, [54], [158].
• Ralph Niger, [199], [209].
• Ralph, abbot of Séez, [144], [150];
• archbishop of Canterbury, [183, note].
• Ralph II, archbishop of Tours, [73, note].
• Ramleh (Palestine), [197], [233].
• Ramsay, J. H., [34, note], [245], [246].
• Ranulf of Bayeux, [174].
• Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, [81], [86], [121], [122], [128], [130], [136], [151], [152], [153], [177].
• Ranulf Higden, [210].
• Ranulf, abbot of Saint-Vincent of Le Mans, [227].
• Ravendinos, protospatharius of the Greek emperor, [233].
• Raymond of Aguilers, [208], [231-234, passim], [237], [238], [239], [241];
• Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, [208].
• Raymond of Saint-Gilles, count of Toulouse, [101], [102], [108-119, passim], [198], [231-244, passim].
• Rebellion of 1088 against William Rufus, [45-52];
• of Robert Curthose against William the Conqueror, [3], [19-27], [36-40].
• Reconciliation of Robert Curthose and William the Conqueror, [28-30].
• Red King, see [William Rufus].
• Red Lion (perhaps Kilij Arslan, sultan of Iconium), [196], [250].
• Regency of Normandy during the absence of William the Conqueror, [13], [15].
• Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, see [Davis, H. W. C.]
• Reginald of Warenne, brother of William of Warenne, earl of Surrey, [57], [159], [160], [170], [171], [173, note].
• Rehoboam, [20].
• Reiffenberg, F. A. F. T. Baron de, [196], [210].
• Rémalard (Orne), [22], [23].
• Renaud of Grancey, [144].
• Revolt of the Manceaux against Norman rule, [13-14].
• Rheims, councils at, [5], [182].
• Riant, Paul, [234], [236], [238], [250].
• Richard, son of Fulk of Aunou-le-Faucon, [226].
• Richard, earl of Chester, son of Hugh of Avranches, [158], [201].
• Richard de Courcy, [79].
• Richard son of Herluin, [79].
• Richard the Fearless, duke of Normandy, [185, note].
• Richard le Pèlerin, ministrel, [192, note], [197, note].
• Richard de Redvers, [62], [79], [128].
• Richard, natural son of Robert Curthose, [38].
• Ridwan of Aleppo, [106], [194].
• Riou de Lohéac, [94], [226], [227].
• Rivallonus, archdeacon of Saint-Malo, [227].
• Robert of Arbrissel, [227].
• Robert de Beauchamp, vicomte of Arques, [181].
• Robert of Bellême, son of Roger of Montgomery, [22], [43], [47], [50], [52], [57], [59], [76], [77], [78], [127], [131], [134, note], [135, note], [139-150, passim], [156], [158], [159], [160], [162], [169], [174], [175], [177], [221], [247, note].
• Robert de Bonebos, [79], [176].
• Robert the Burgundian, [70].
• Robert de Courcy, [141].
• Robert Curthose, see [Contents].
• Robert II d’Estouteville, [160], [165].
• Robert III d’Estouteville, son of Robert II, [170], [171], [175].
• Robert, count of Eu, [54].
• Robert Fitz Hamon, [62], [128], [134, note], [158], [159], [165], [166, note], [187].
• Robert I the Frisian, count of Flanders, [24].
• Robert II of Jerusalem, count of Flanders, son of Robert the Frisian, [93], [98], [101], [105-119, passim], [170], [182], [198], [227], [241], [242], [243], [251], [252].
• Robert Géré (or of Saint-Céneri), [75], [77], [143].
• Robert of Gloucester, chronicler, [210].
• Robert, earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I, [186].
• Robert, son of Godwin, [233].
• Robert, son of Hugh of Grandmesnil, [141].
• Robert Malet, [139].
• Robert, count of Meulan, son of Roger of Beaumont, [28], [76], [128], [131], [140], [145], [148], [153], [156], [158], [162], [163], [174, note].
• Robert the Monk, chronicler, [193], [209].
• Robert de Montfort, [141], [158].
• Robert, count of Mortain, [35], [49], [50].
• Robert Mowbray (or de Montbray), earl of Northumberland, [22, note], [79], [222].
• Robert of Pontefract, son of Ilbert de Lacy, [127], [139].
• Robert Quarrel, [76].
• Robert of Saint-Céneri, see [Robert Géré].
• Robert, abbot of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, [150], [170], [171].
• Robert of Saint-Rémy-des-Landes, [166, note].
• Robert of Torigny, [146], [147], [205], [246].
• Robert the Vicar (vicarius), [227].
• Rochester (Kent), [47], [49-52, passim], [62], [69], [150], [215];
• church of St. Andrew at, [52, note].
• Rockingham (Northampton), council of, [212].
• Rodley (Rodele), [189, note].
• Rodosto (Thrace), [99, note], [100].
• Roger d’Aubigny, [36, note].
• Roger of Barneville, [93], [227].
• Roger of Beaumont, [13, note], [28], [75].
• Roger de Bienfaite, [22, note].
• Roger Bigot, [128].
• Roger Bursa, duke of Apulia, son of Robert Guiscard, [98], [117].
• Roger of Caux, inhabitant of Laigle, [21].
• Roger of Gloucester, a knight in the service of Henry I, [167].
• Roger, earl of Hereford, [16, note].
• Roger of Ivry, butler of William the Conqueror and warden of the castle at Rouen, [21].
• Roger de Lacy, magister militum of Robert of Montgomery and brother of Robert of Bellême, [85], [127], [140], [142].
• Roger, bishop of Salisbury, [180], [186].
• Roger du Sap, abbot of Saint-Évroul, [54], [66, note], [81].
• Roger, count of Sicily, [97], [99], [117], [225].
• Roger of Wendover, [210].
• Rohes, see [Chocques].
• Röhricht, Reinhold, [209].
• Roland, one of the ‘twelve peers’ of Charlemagne, [194, note].
• Roman de Rou, see [Wace].
• Rome, [43, note], [97], [152], [155], [169];
• see [St. Peter’s].
• Rotrou of Mortagne I, count of Perche, [22], [23].
• Rotrou of Mortagne II, count of Perche, son of Geoffrey II, [94], [143], [156], [158], [227].
• Rouen (Seine-Inférieure), [21], [28], [39], [42], [43], [44], [53, note], [60], [84], [95], [152], [160], [164], [170], [171], [177], [180, note], [223], [234], [239];
• insurrection at, [56-58], [62];
• councils at, [81], [90];
• cathedral of St. Mary, [81], [82], [146];
• archbishops of, see [William Bonne-Ame], [Geoffrey], [Hugh of Amiens];
• abbey, see [Saint-Ouen];
• priory, see [Saint-Gervais].
• Round, J. H., Calendar of Documents preserved in France illustrative of the History of Great Britain and Ireland, [207].
• Rugia (Syria), [109].
• St. Andrew, church of, see [Rochester].
• Saint-Aubin, abbey at Angers, [126, note].
• St. Benedict, [97].
• Saint-Céneri (Orne), [75], [76].
• Saint-Corneille, abbey at Compiègne, [29, note].
• St. Cuthbert, miracula of, [216, note].
• Saint-Denis (Seine), abbey, [192, note], [196], [249-250].
• Saint-Étienne, abbey at Caen, [16], [19, note], [41], [43], [49, note], [150], [228].
• Saint-Évroul (Orne), abbey, [25], [70, note], [142, note], [144, note];
• abbot of, see [Mainer].
• Saint-Gervais, priory at Rouen, [40].
• Saint-Gilles (Gard), [235].
• Saint-James (Manche), [79].
• St. John the Divine, [163].
• Saint-Julien, abbey at Tours, [36, note], [74, note], [228].
• Saint-Malo, bishop of, see [Judicaël].
• Saint-Martin of Marmoutier, abbey, see [Marmoutier].
• Saint-Martin of Troarn, abbey, [229];
• abbot, see [Durand].
• St. Mary of Bec, abbey, see [Bec].
• St. Mary, cathedral of, at Palermo, see [Palermo].
• St. Mary, cathedral of, at Rouen, see [Rouen].
• Saint-Maurice (canton of Valais), abbey, [96].
• St. Nicholas, church of, at Bari, [98, note], [226].
• Saint-Nicolas, abbey at Angers, [33, note].
• Saint-Ouen, abbot of, see [Hilgot].
• St. Peter, church of, at Antioch, [109, note], [227].
• St. Peter, abbey of, at Gloucester, see [Gloucester].
• St. Peter’s church at Rome, [97].
• Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives (Calvados), abbey, [150], [154], [171, note], [173, note];
• abbots of, see [Fulk], [Robert].
• Saint-Pol, count of, see [Hugh].
• Saint-Quentin, abbey at Beauvais, [26, note], [27].
• Saint-Saëns (Seine-Inférieure), [75, note].
• Saint-Sauveur of Lohéac (Ille-et-Vilaine), abbey, [226], [227].
• St. Simon of Crépy, [29].
• St. Stephen, church of, at Jerusalem, [112];
• abbey at Caen, see [Saint-Étienne].
• Sainte-Suzanne (Mayenne), [35].
• Saint-Valery-sur-Somme (Somme), [54], [130].
• Saint-Vincent, abbey at Le Mans, [70, note], [80], [223], [224], [227], [228];
• abbot, see [Ranulf].
• Salisbury (Wiltshire), [52, note], [211];
• bishop of, see [Roger].
• Salonica (Macedonia), [99, note], [100].
• Salumbria, see [Silivri].
• Samson le Breton, messenger of Queen Matilda, [25].
• Sangarius, river, [102].
• Saracens, [116], [195], [231].
• Scotland, raid of King Malcolm in Northumberland and the Conqueror’s retaliation, [31];
• expedition of William Rufus, Robert Curthose, and Henry I against, [65-68].
• Secqueville-en-Bessin (Calvados), [159].
• Séez, bishopric of, [127], [144], [150], [160], [162];
• bishop of, see [Serlo].
• Seine, river, [54], [56], [57], [58], [60], [70], [75].
• Senlac, see [Hastings].
• Sepulchre, see [Holy Sepulchre].
• Serlo of Bayeux, poet, [166, note].
• Serlo, bishop of Séez, [81], [144], [150], [161], [162].
• Severn Sea (Bristol Channel), [186], [187], [188].
• Shaizar (Syria), [110];
• Munkidhites of, [230].
• Shrewsbury (Shropshire), [139];
• earl of, see [Roger of Montgomery], [Robert of Bellême].
• Sibyl, daughter of Fulk le Jeune, count of Anjou, [184], [185, note].
• Sibyl of Conversano, duchess of Normandy, wife of Robert Curthose, [123], [146], [147].
• Sicily, [98], [112, note].
• Siege of Antioch by the crusaders, [104-107];
• by Kerboga of Mosul, [107-108];
• Arka, [110], [111];
• Bayeux (1105), [165];
• Gerberoy, [26];
• Jerusalem, [112-114];
• Laodicea, [117], [242-243];
• Marra, [109];
• Mont-Saint-Michel, [63-65];
• Nicaea, [101-102];
• Pevensey, [49-50];
• Rochester, [51];
• Tinchebray, [171-172].
• Silivri (Thrace), [99, note].
• Sillé-le-Guillaume (Sarthe), [14].
• Simeon of Durham, Historia Dunelmensis Ecclesiae, [212], [213], [216];
• Historia Regum, [206], [213-216, passim].
• Simon de Ludron, [226], [227].
• Simony practised by Robert Curthose, [150-153].
• Skumbi, river, [99, note], [100].
• Soehnée, Frédéric, [5, note].
• Solesmes (Sarthe), [73, note].
• Soliman II, sultan of Iconium, see [Kilij Arslan].
• Sorel (Eure-et-Loir), [22].
• Southampton (Hampshire), [87], [148].
• Stained-glass window at Saint-Denis, [196], [249-252].
• Stapleton, Thomas, [4, note], [85, note].
• Stella, [99, note].
• Stenton, F. M., [17, note].
• Stephen, count of Aumale, [54], [58], [93], [118], [158], [228].
• Stephen, count of Blois and Chartres, brother-in-law of Robert Curthose, [93], [97-101, passim], [112], [118, note], [228].
• Stigand de Mézidon, [8].
• Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis, [196], [249], [250, note], [251];
• his stained-glass window at Saint-Denis, [249-252];
• his Vie de Louis le Gros, [206].
• Surrey, earldom of William of Warenne, [147].
• ‘Tabarie,’ Saracen king of, [196].
• Tale of the scarlet robe, [201-202].
• Talvas (or Bellême), house of, [70], [76], [77], [139], [141].
• Tancred, nephew of Bohemond, leader of the First Crusade, [102], [104, note], [109], [110], [113], [115], [116], [117], [235].
• Tarsus (Cilicia), [231, note], [233, note], [235].
• Tassilly (Calvados), [79].
• Tavernier, Wilhelm, [153, note].
• Taxation, see [Aid], [Danegeld].
• Tetboldus gramaticus, [6].
• Thetford, bishop of, see [Herbert Losinga].
• Thiel (province of Gelderland), [235, note].
• Thierry, son of Ralph Fitz Ogier, citizen of Caen, [166, note].
• Thomas, son of Ranulf Flambard, [151].
• Thomas de Saint-Jean, [172].
• Thomas Walsingham, [210].
• Thorold, bishop of Bayeux, [153, note].
• Thurstan, archbishop of York, [183, note].
• Thurstin, son of Turgis, prévot of Luc-sur-Mer, [221], [228].
• Tickhill (Yorkshire), fortress, [139].
• Tila, see [Thiel].
• Tinchebray (Orne), [39], [55], [135], [138], [171], [172], [200];
• battle of, [136, note], [173-176], [177], [180], [192], [206], [245-248].
• Tirel de Mainières, tutor of William Clito, [181].
• Title of Robert Curthose before his accession to the duchy of Normandy, [13, note].
• Tokig, son of Wigod, [26].
• Tomb of Robert Curthose in Gloucester cathedral, [189, note].
• Topaz brought from Jerusalem by Robert Curthose, [125, note].
• Torigny (Manche), [166, note].
• Tortosa (Syria), [241, note], [244].
• Toulouse, count of, see [Raymond of Saint-Gilles].
• Tournay-sur-Dive (Orne), [162].
• Tours (Indre-et-Loire), [73, note], [90], [228];
• abbey at, see [Saint-Julien];
• archbishop, see [Ralph II].
• Tower of David, see [Jerusalem].
• Tower of London, see [London].
• Tracey, Sir Humphrey, of Stanway, [189, note].
• Traianopolis, [99, note].
• Treaty of Alton, [134-136], [137], [138], [141], [148], [157];
• of La Bruère (or of Blanchelande) between William the Conqueror and Fulk le Réchin, see [La Bruère];
• between Henry I and Robert of Jerusalem, count of Flanders, [155-156];
• between Robert Curthose and William Rufus (1091), [60-61];
• between Robert Curthose and William Rufus (1096), [91-92];
• between William the Conqueror and Geoffrey le Barbu, count of Anjou, [9];
• between William the Conqueror and Herbert II, count of Maine, [7-8].
• Tréport (Seine-Inférieure), [128], [130].
• Treves, bishop of, see [Odo].
• Trial of William of Saint-Calais, bishop of Durham, before the curia regis (1088), [52, note], [211], [212], [214].
• Troarn, abbey, see [Saint-Martin of Troarn].
• Truce between William the Conqueror and Fulk le Réchin, count of Anjou, see [Castellum Vallium].
• Truman, Thomas, [187].
• Truman Collection, MSS., [187, note].
• Tunbridge (Kent), [49].
• Turcopoles, [235].
• Tweed, river, [67].
• Tyne, river, [31].
• Urban II, pope, [82], [88-91, passim], [94-97, passim], [108], [223], [224], [228].
• Usama ibn Munkidh, [209].
• Vains (Manche), [43].
• Vallis Philippensium (probably the valley of the Struma), [99, note].
• Vardar, river, [99, note], [100].
• Vendôme (Loir-et-Cher), [90].
• Vernon (Eure), [55].
• Versus de Viris Illustribus Diocesis Tarvanensis, [217].
• Vexin, [39], [95, note], [185].
• Via Egnatia, Roman road, [99].
• Vie de Louis le Gros, see [Suger].
• Vif gage, [92, note].
• Vignats (Calvados), [77], [141].
• Vitalis, a hermit, [172].
• Vodena (Macedonia), [99, note].
• Wace, [64], [124], [133], [149], [160], [164], [165-166, note], [190], [195], [209];
• Roman de Rou, [205].
• W. Cancell., see [Waldric, chancellor of Henry I].
• Waldric, chancellor of Henry I, [169, note], [175].
• Wales, campaign of William Rufus against the Welsh, [66].
• Walter Giffard, [54], [127], [147].
• Walter, abbot of St. Peter’s, Gloucester, [189, note].
• Walter, son of Judicaël de Lohéac, [226], [227].
• Walter of Mantes, count of the Vexin, [8], [9].
• Walter of Saint-Valery, [94], [228].
• War between Robert Curthose and Henry I for the English crown (1101), [127-136];
• for possession of Normandy (1104-06), [155-179];
• between Robert Curthose and William Rufus for the English crown (1088), [47-52];
• for continental possessions (1089-91), [53-60];
• war renewed (1094-95), [83-88].
• Wareham (Dorsetshire), [179].
• Waverley, annals of, [207].
• Welsh, see [Wales].
• Wessex, [68].
• Westminister (Middlesex), [121].
• Whitby (Yorkshire), abbey, [95], [229].
• White Ship, [184].
• Wigo de Marra, [228].
• William, son of Ansger, wealthy citizen of Rouen, [58].
• William Atheling, son of Henry I, [182, note], [183], [184].
• William Baivel, [79].
• William, son of Ranulf de Briquessart, vicomte of Bayeux, [229].
• William, abbot of Bec, [219].
• William Bertran, [79].
• William Bonne-Ame, archbishop of Rouen, [35], [40], [82], [146], [151], [152], [181, note].
• William de Braitel, son of Geoffrey the vicomte, [224], [228-229].
• William of Breteuil, son of William Fitz Osbern, [22, note], [43], [57], [58], [70], [71, note], [75], [76], [120], [144], [145].
• William, chamberlain, son of Roger de Candos, [79].
• William Clito, count of Flanders, son of Robert Curthose, [146], [180-186].
• William de Colombières, [229].
• William of Conversano, brother of Duchess Sibyl, [143], [160], [162].
• William Crispin, [175].
• William I the Conqueror, king of England and duke of Normandy, [3-44, passim], [48], [55], [65-69, passim], [75], [76], [79], [90], [112, note], [120], [135], [155, note], [158], [177], [178], [189, note], [220].
• William II Rufus, king of England and ruler of Normandy, [16], [19, note], [21], [27], [36], [40], [42], [44], [45], [47], [49-75, passim], [78], [81], [83-95, passim], [120-125, passim], [132], [136, note], [140], [144, note], [153, note], [156], [170], [206], [211], [213], [215], [216], [225], [228].
• William, count of Évreux, [34], [43], [57], [58], [70], [71, note], [75], [78], [79], [140], [143], [144], [146], [158].
• William, archdeacon of Évreux, bishop-elect of Lisieux, [151-152].
• William de Ferrières, [175].
• William Giffard, bishop of Winchester, [121].
• William of Grandmesmil, [107, note].
• William of Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, [205].
• William, brother of Riou de Lohéac, [227].
• William of Malmesbury, [3], [17], [27], [38], [61], [95], [146], [149], [170], [183], [190], [193], [195], [198], [206], [208], [209], [211], [233], [237].
• William, count of Mortain and earl of Cornwall, [131], [134, note], [157], [159], [160], [169], [172], [174], [175], [179].
• William de Moulins, [22, note].
• William of Newburgh, [190, note], [209].
• William de Pacy, [152].
• William de Percy, [95], [229].
• William Peverel, [86].
• William of Poitiers, [205].
• William, natural son of Robert Curthose, [38].
• William de Rupierre, [22, note].
• William of Saint-Calais, bishop of Durham, [33, note], [46], [51, note], [52, note], [59], [65, note], [67], [68, note], [211-216].
• William of Tyre, [218].
• William du Vast, [229].
• William of Warenne I, [55].
• William of Warenne II, earl of Surrey, son of William of Warenne I, [131], [138], [147], [148], [173, note], [174, note].
• Williams, Edward (known as Iolo Morganwg), Welsh poet, [187], [188, note].
• Winchester (Hampshire), [33], [55, note], [120], [122], [130], [131, note], [139, note], [144, note], [171, note]; annals of, [136], [207].
• Windsor (Berkshire), [136, note], [179].
• Wissant (Pas-de-Calais), [87], [128].
• Writ of Henry I to the shire-moot of Lincolnshire (1101), [129, note].
• Wulf, son of King Harold, [42].
• Yenidjeh (Macedonia), [99, note].
• York, [132];
• archbishop of, see [Thurstan].