REVISED 1959 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 OF—504451
The National Park System, of which Saratoga National Historical Park is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and inspiration of its people.
Contents
Page [THE BRITISH PLAN OF 1777] 3 [THE BURGOYNE CAMPAIGN] 4 [RETREAT OF THE AMERICANS] 6 [THE ST. LEGER EXPEDITION] 8 [THE BATTLE OF BENNINGTON] 10 [THE AMERICAN LINE] 11 [COMPOSITION OF THE AMERICAN ARMY] 12 [THE BATTLE OF SEPTEMBER 19] 12 [THE BATTLE OF OCTOBER 7] 19 [RETREAT AND SURRENDER] 24 [GUIDE TO THE PARK] 31 [The American River Redoubts] 31 [Site of Fort Neilson] 32 [The Neilson House] 32 [American Powder Magazine] 33 [Freeman’s Farm] 33 [Balcarres Redoubt] 33 [Breymann Redoubt] 34 [First Line of Battle, October 7] 34 [The Gen. Philip Schuyler Property] 35 [HOW TO REACH THE PARK] 35 [ABOUT YOUR VISIT] 36 [ADMINISTRATION] 36 [SUGGESTED READINGS] 36
Looking east from the site of the Balcarres Redoubt. The immediate foreground was the scene of desperate fighting in both battles of Saratoga. Scouts signaled the movements of Burgoyne’s army from Willard Mountain in the left distance. Courtesy Life Magazine.
Few battles in world history have had a more stirring climax than Saratoga and probably none have had more far-reaching consequences. Here, a ragged but inspired rebel army convincingly demonstrated its ability to rise to brilliant victory after absorbing staggering blows. In dramatic fashion Saratoga not only rescued the colonists from almost certain defeat, but also pointed significantly to the fate which likely would befall any enemy force penetrating into the interior of America and operating independently of the sea.
Abroad, the battles served immeasurably to increase the military prestige of American arms, while at home they greatly strengthened the fighting morale and discouraged loyalist opposition. In their broad aspects the two battles of Saratoga may be considered to mark definitely the turning point of the American Revolution in that the result brought to the cause of the hard-pressed colonists the assistance of France, Spain, and Holland, thereby greatly increasing the probability of eventually winning independence. To a hesitant, vacillating France awaiting the opportune moment to strike a telling blow at the British, Saratoga brought the decision for intervention—a decision which previous diplomatic negotiations had been unable to obtain. The active entrance of France into the war in June 1778, provided the financial, military, and naval support without which the American cause would have been practically hopeless. Though three more years of fighting were necessary in order to bring ultimate victory at Yorktown, Saratoga furnished the physical and psychological impetus which brightened a desperate cause at a moment when failure would have been disastrous. Without the success of American arms at Saratoga, it is difficult to see how the struggle could long have been continued.