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Preface[iii]

CHAPTER I.
The early History of the Torpedo—Remarks on the existing State of Torpedo Warfare[1]

CHAPTER II.
Defensive Torpedo Warfare—Mechanical Submarine Mines—Mechanical Fuzes—Mooring Mechanical Mines[13]

CHAPTER III.
Defensive Torpedo Warfare (continued)—Electrical Submarine Mines—Electrical Fuzes—Insulated Electric Cables—Electric Cable Joints—Junction Boxes—Mooring Electrical Submarine Mines[27]

CHAPTER IV.
Defensive Torpedo Warfare (continued)—Circuit Closers—Firing by Observation—Voltaic Batteries—Electrical Machines—Firing Keys and Shutter Apparatus—Testing Submarine Mines—Clearing a Passage through Torpedo Defences[60]

CHAPTER V.
Offensive Torpedo Warfare—Drifting Torpedoes—Towing Torpedoes—Locomotive Torpedoes—Spar Torpedoes—General Remarks on Offensive Torpedoes[115]

CHAPTER VI.
Torpedo Vessels and Boats—The Uhlan—The Alarm—The Destroyer—Thornycroft's Torpedo Boats—Yarrow's Torpedo Boats—Schibau's Torpedo Boats—Herreshoff's Torpedo Boats—Torpedo Boat Attacks—Submarine Boats[158]

CHAPTER VII.
Torpedo Operations—The Crimean War (1854-56)—The Austro-Italian War (1859)—The American Civil War (1861-65)—The Paraguayan War (1864-68)—The Austrian War (1866)—The Franco-German War (1870-71)—The Russo-Turkish War (1877-78)[187]

CHAPTER VIII.
On Explosives—Definitions—Experiments—Gunpowder—Picric Powder—Nitro-Glycerine—Dynamite—Gun-cotton—Fulminate of Mercury—Dualin—Lithofracteur—Horsley's Powder—Torpedo Explosive Agents—Torpedo Explosions[204]

CHAPTER IX.
Torpedo Experiments—Chatham, England, 1865—Austria—Carlscrona, Sweden, 1868—Kiel, Prussia—England, 1874—Copenhagen, Denmark, 1874—Carlscrona, Sweden, 1874-75—Portsmouth, England, 1874-75—Pola, Austria, 1875—Portsmouth, England, 1876—Experiments with Countermines—The Medway, England, 1870—Stokes Bay, England, 1873—Carlscrona, Sweden, 1874[220]

CHAPTER X.
The Electric Light—The Nordenfelt and Hotchkiss Torpedo Guns—Diving[239]

CHAPTER XI.
Electricity[265]

APPENDIX.
McEvoy's Single Main Systems[283]
Siemens' Universal Galvanometer Tables[287]
Synopsis of the Principal Events that have occurred in connection with the History of the Torpedo[290]
Index[297]

LIST OF PLATES.

Destruction of Turkish Gunboat "Suna" ([Frontispiece]).
[I.]Fulton's Torpedoes.
[II.]Frame Torpedoes, Buoyant Mechanical Mines.
[III.]Singer's and McEvoy's Mechanical Mines.
[IV.]Extempore Mechanical Mine, Mechanical Primers.
[V.]Mechanical Fuzes.
[VI.]Form of Case of Submarine Mines.
[VII.]Electric Fuzes.
[VIII.]Electric Cables, Extempore Cable Joints.
[IX.]Permanent Joints for Electric Cables.
[X.]Junction Boxes, Mechanical Turk's Head.
[XI.]Moorings for Submarine Mines.
[XII.]Steam Launch for Mooring Submarine Mines.
[XIII.]Mathieson's Circuit Closer.
[XIV.]Austrian Circuit Closer, Mercury Circuit Closer.
[XV.]McEvoy's Magneto Electro Circuit Closer.
[XVI.]Russian Submarine Mine, Firing by Observation.
[XVII.]Apparatus for Firing by Observation.
[XVIII.]Systems of Defence by Submarine Mines.
[XIX.]Firing Batteries, Testing Batteries.
[XX.]Firing Keys, Shutter Apparatus.
[XXI.]Shutter Apparatus.
[XXII.]Galvanometers for Testing.
[XXIII.]Siemens' Universal Galvanometer.
[XXIIIa.] Ditto Ditto.
[XXIV.] Ditto Ditto.
[XXIVa.] Ditto Ditto.
[XXV.]Shunt, Commutator, Rheostat.
[XXVI.]Wheatstone's Bridge.
[XXVII.]Test Table, Differential Galvanometer.
[XXVIII.]Methods of Testing—Armstrong—Austrian.
[XXIX.]Drifting Torpedoes.
[XXX.]Harvey's Towing Torpedo.
[XXXI.] Ditto Ditto.
[XXXII.]Systems of Attack with Harvey's Sea Torpedo.
[XXXIII.] Ditto Ditto.
[XXXIV.] Ditto Ditto.
[XXXV.]German and French Towing Torpedoes.
[XXXVI.]Whitehead's Fish Torpedoes.
[XXXVII.]Thornycroft's Boat Apparatus for Fish Torpedoes.
[XXXVIII.]Lay's Locomotive Torpedo.
[XXXIX.] Ditto Ditto.
[XL.] Ditto Ditto.
[XLI.] Ditto Ditto.
[XLII.] Ditto Ditto.
[XLIII.] Ditto Ditto.
[XLIV.]McEvoy's Duplex Spar Torpedoes.
[XLV.]The "Alarm" Torpedo Ship.
[XLVI.]The "Destroyer" Torpedo Ship.
[XLVII.]Thornycroft's Torpedo Boats.
[XLVIII.] Ditto Ditto.
[XLIX.]Yarrow's Torpedo Boats.
[L.] Ditto Ditto.
[LI.]Russian Torpedo Boat, Herreshoff's Torpedo Boat.
[LII.]Submarine Mine Explosion.
[LIII.] Ditto Ditto.
[LIV.]McEvoy's Single Main System.

Torpedoes and Torpedo Warfare.