3.—It may be kept ready for action in store without in any way deteriorating.
4.—It is comparatively very cheap.
These advantages combine to make a Leclanché battery the most suitable of any other form of electrical battery for use as the exploding agent for electrical submarine mines, and it is now universally used for such purposes.
Signalling Battery.—The signalling battery should be so constituted as to be capable of working the electro magnet of the shutter apparatus effectually when the circuit is closed direct to earth, and yet not so powerful as by the continuous passage of the current generated by it to fire the fuze in the mine. In the case of a platinum wire fuze being in the circuit, plenty of power may be given to the battery without fear of a premature explosion from this cause, but in the case of a high tension fuze it is necessary to be very careful in order to guard against such a contingency.
As in the case of a signalling or shutter battery, the electric current will be continually flowing, it is necessary to employ a constant battery, or one that requires least trouble and expense to maintain it in working order, and it is for this reason that a modified form of Daniell battery has been adopted to work the shutter apparatus.
Daniell Signalling Battery.—At [Fig. 75] is shown the manner of arranging a Daniell cell. A glass or porcelain vessel a contains a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, in which is immersed a copper cylinder b open at both ends and perforated by holes; at the upper part of this cylinder there is an annular shelf d, also perforated by holes, and below the level of the liquid; this is for the purpose of supporting crystals of sulphate of copper for the replacing of that decomposed as the electrical action proceeds. Inside the cylinder b is a thin porous vessel c of unglazed earthenware; this contains either water, or a solution of common salt, or dilute sulphuric acid, in which is placed the cylinder of amalgamated zinc e. Two strips of copper p and n, fixed by binding screws to the copper and to the zinc, serve for connecting the elements in series, or otherwise.
For the purposes of testing, either the Leclanché or Daniell battery specially arranged, or the Menotti battery, which is really a modification of the Daniell, may be used.
FIRING BATTERIES, TESTING BATTERIES.
