Our English architect, whose name is associated with the unhappy medley of Greek and Gothic which was the Stuart imitation of the Cinque-cento style, was a Roman Catholic, and was no doubt christened in honour of Loyola. The few stray specimens of Inigo to be found occasionally in England are generally traceable to him; one occurs at St. Columb Major, in 1740.[[82]]
[82]. Michaelis; Cave; Stanley, Lectures on the Eastern Church; Mariana, Istoria de España; Anderson, Royal Genealogies.
Section XIII.—Pater.
The word pater, which, as we have already shown, is one of those that make the whole world kin, was the source of patria (the father-land), and of far too many words in all tongues to recount. Patres Conscripti was the title of the senators, and the patricii, the privileged class of old Rome, were so called as descendants from the original thirty patres. Patricius (the noble) was as a title given half in jest to the young Roman-British Calpurnius, who was stolen by Irish pirates in his youth, and when ransomed, returned again to be the apostle of his captors, and left a name passionately revered in that warm-hearted land. The earlier Irish, however, were far too respectful to their apostle to call themselves by his name, but were all Mael-Patraic, the shaveling, or pupil of Patrick, or Giolla-Patraic, the servant of Patrick. This latter, passing to Scotland with the mission of St. Columba, turned into the Gospatric, or Cospatrick, the boy (gossoon or garçon) of Patrick, Earls of Galloway; and in both countries the surname Gilpatrick, or Kilpatrick, has arisen from it.
Afterwards these nations left off the humble prefix, and came to calling themselves Phadrig in Ireland, Patrick in Scotland; the former so universally as to render Pat and Paddy the national soubriquet. Latterly a bold attempt has been made in Ireland to unite Patrick and Peter as the same, so as to have both patron saints at once, but the Irish will hardly persuade any one to accept it but themselves. The Scotch Pate, or Patie, is frequent, though less national; and the feminine, Patricia, seems to be a Scottish invention. The fame of the curious cave, called St. Patrick’s Purgatory, brought pilgrims from all quarters, and Patrice, Patrizio, and Patricio, all are known in France, Italy, and Spain, the latter the most frequently. Even Russia has Patrikij.
Paternus (the fatherly) was the Latin name of two Keltic saints, one Armorican, the other of Avranches, where he is popularly called Saint Pari.[[83]]
Section XIV.—Grace, &c.
The history of the word grace is curious. We are apt to confuse it with the Latin gracilis (slender), with which it has no connection, and which only in later times acquired the sense of elegant, whereas it originally meant lean, or wasted, and came from a kindred word to the Greek γράω (grao), to consume.
Grates, on the contrary, were thanks, whence what was done gratiis, or gratis, was for thanks and nothing else, according to our present use of the word—whence our gratuitous. So again gratus applied to him who was thankful, and to what inspired thanks; and gratia was favour, or bounty, and was used to render the Greek χάρις; and thus have the Greek Charities come down to us as Graces. Then, too, he was gratiosus who possessed the free spirit of bounty and friendliness, exactly expressed by our gracious; but, in Italy, it was degraded into mere lively good-nature, till un grazioso is little better than a buffoon; and gracieux in France means scarcely more than engaging.