| French. | Provençal. | Spanish. | Portuguese. | Italian. |
| Gonsalve | Guossalvo | Gonzalo | Gonçalo | Consalvo |
| Gonzalve |
The war raven, Gunthram, figures in French history as Gontran, and the war serpent is the German Gundlin, or Gondoline, when a lady; when a man, the terrible Guthorm, whom, as King Alfred’s foe, godson, and tributary, our histories call Guthrum. In Denmark, the name was very early contracted into Gorm; but it has been so often spelt Gudthorm, that a doubt has arisen whether the latter half of the word may not be thorm or thyrma.
It is very difficult to distinguish between the derivatives of God and Gund, both being very apt to eliminate the distinctive letters. On the whole, however, it seems as if these warlike names had been some of the most universal throughout the continent, though in England they were very scarce, and do not occur in royal pedigree, nor in hagiology, except in the case of St. Guthlac, the first founder of the original Croyland Abbey, whose name in the North would be Gudleik or Gulleik, war sport.
Hosts of northern Frankish and Visigothic names thus commence, and many feminines end with this word. The other varieties thus beginning are:—
| Nor. Gunbjorg; Ger. Gondaberge; Goth. Sp.—War protection | ||||
| Nor. Gunbjorn—War bear | ||||
| German. | French. | |||
| Gondebert | Gondobert | } | ||
| Gondeberta | Gombert | } | War splendour | |
| Gumpert | Jombert | } | ||
| Ger. Gondebald; Fr. Gondebaud; Sp. Gondebaldo—War prince | ||||
| Nor. Gudbrand, Guldbrand, Gulbrand—War sword | ||||
| Ger. Gundekar—War spear | ||||
| Nor. Gunlaug, Gullaug—War liquor | ||||
| Nor. Gunleif, (Eng. Cunliffe)—War love | ||||
| Nor. | German. | Spanish. | ||
| Gudmar Gulmar | Gundemar Gutmar | Gondomiro Gondomar | } | War Greatness |
| Nor. | German. | |||
| Gudmund Gulmund | Gundemund Gunimund | } | War hand | |
| Ger. Gunderich; Fr. Gonderic; Sp. Gonderico—War ruler | ||||
| Sp. Gondesinda—War strength | ||||
| Nor. Gunnstein—War jewel | ||||
Gunthe was the old German feminine contraction for any of these warlike damsels, and being further endeared into Jutte, or Jutta, was probably the source, under the hands of chroniclers, of the Judiths, who made their appearance among the Franks so long before the days of Scripture or saintly names.[[132]]
[132]. Munch; Michaelis; Nibelung; Weber and Jamieson; Mariana; Thierry; Garland for the Year; Alban Butler; Fleischner, Onomatologie; Lappenberg; Dasent, Burnt Njal; Marryat, Jutland.
Section V.—Hagen.
Haghen, Hagano, or Hogni, may be considered as the villain of the Nibelungen. In the Danish version he is the half-brother of Grimhild and Gunther, with an elf-father; in the German, he is their wise and far-travelled uncle, who first related the adventures of the newly-arrived stranger, Siegfried, but always seems to have disliked him, and readily undertook to revenge Brynhild’s injuries upon him. As Loki deceived Frigga, he persuaded his niece to mark where was the mortal spot on her husband’s skin, and contrived that no wine should be taken into the forest, so that Siegfried might be reduced to lie down to drink at the stream, and thus expose the fatal place.