84. Q. How did these decrees divide the nation? A. Into two intensely hostile parties, of iconoclasts or image-breakers, and image-worshipers, by whose contests it was long distracted.
85. Q. What action did Leo V. take in regard to image-worship? A. He not only banished the images from the churches, but also destroyed the songs and prayers addressed to them.
86. Q. What further order was made in regard to their worship by Theophilus who became emperor in 829? A. He forbade the word “holy” to be inscribed on the images, and also that they should be honored by prayers, kissing, or lighted tapers.
87. Q. After the death of Theophilus what action did the empress Theodora, into whose hands the positive power of the government passed, take in regard to the images? A. She herself worshiped images. The pictures were again hung in the churches, and the monastic order more than ever became potent both in society and government.
88. Q. During the reign of Alexius what storm suddenly burst from the west? A. The so-called First Crusade.
89. Q. Who was the Pope at this time? A. Urban II.
90. Q. By whom were the crusades first incited? A. Peter the Hermit.
91. Q. When did Jerusalem fall into the hands of the crusaders? A. July 15, 1099.
92. Q. Who were the leaders of the second crusade? A. Conrad III., king of Germany, and Louis VII., king of France.
93. Q. What was the ostensible intention of the crusaders? A. To free Eastern Christianity from the oppression of the Turks.