Brazil was formerly a colony of Portugal, and naturally copies the parent country in her currency system. Her unit is the milreis, of 1000 reis. Nominally the gold standard prevails, but depreciated paper is the currency of her commerce. The milreis contains 12.686 grains of pure gold and is worth in United States currency $0.546.
In 1898 the Government assumed the sole power to issue paper money, and strove to bring the same to a parity with gold; the arbitrary valuation put upon the milreis by the Government was 15d. or $0.30.
On December 20, 1910, the value of a milreis was raised to 16d. The Government accumulated a conversion fund, understood to be $60,000,000 to $70,000,000, but owing to crises at home and abroad it has not yet been able to make gold and paper notes interconvertible.
Brazil possesses an enormous area, and is wonderfully rich in undeveloped resources. Her coffee and rubber are especially valuable and should take care of her international trade balances. In the near future her currency should become stable and free from fluctuation. Brazilians receive important service from foreign banks and bankers.
Chili
Chili has the gold standard, but her paper currency is not maintained at a parity with gold; her unit is the peso, of 100 centavos, of the value of 18d....
FOOTNOTES:
[89] The following table, from The Monetary Systems of the Principal Countries of the World, compiled in the office of the Director of the Mint, Washington, 1912, gives the weight, fineness, etc., of the coins of Great Britain:
| Gold | ||||||
| Denominations. | Weight. | Fineness. | Fine weight. | Weight. | Pure gold or silver. | Value in United States money. |
| Grams. | Thousandths. | Grams. | Grains. | Grains. | ||
| 5 pounds | 39.9410 | 916-2/3 | 36.6125 | 616.3720 | 565.0080 | $24.3325 |
| 2 pounds | 15.9764 | 916-2/3 | 14.6450 | 246.5488 | 226.0032 | 9.7330 |
| Sovereign | 7.9881 | 916-2/3 | 7.3225 | 123.2744 | 113.0016 | 4.8665 |
| Half sovereign | 3.9941 | 916-2/3 | 3.6612 | 61.6372 | 56.5008 | 2.4332 |
| Silver | ||||||
| Half crown | 14.1379 | 925 | 13.0775 | 218.1760 | 201.8119 | $0.6083 |
| Florin | 11.3103 | 925 | 10.4620 | 174.5405 | 161.4495 | .4866 |
| Shilling | 5.6551 | 925 | 5.2309 | 87.2695 | 80.7232 | .2433 |
| Sixpence | 2.8275 | 925 | 2.6154 | 43.6339 | 40.3008 | .1216 |
| Fourpence (groat) | 1.8850 | 925 | 1.7436 | 29.0893 | 26.9071 | .0811 |
| Threepence | 1.4137 | 925 | 1.3076 | 21.8162 | 20.1788 | .0608 |
| Twopence | .9425 | 925 | .8718 | 14.5446 | 13.4536 | .0405 |
| Penny | .4712 | 925 | .4358 | 7.2715 | 6.7252 | .0202 |
[90] A. Barton Hepburn, A History of Currency in the United States, pp. 450-473. The Macmillan Company. New York. 1915.