Published September 1922
Second Impression January 1923
Third Impression March 1923

Composed and Printed By
The University of Chicago Press
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
List of Illustrations[ix]
List of Maps[x]
Foreword by Honorable Frank O. Lowden[xiii]
Introduction[xv]
The Problem[xxiii]
Chapter I. The Chicago Riot, July 27-August 2, 1919[1]-[52]
Background of the Riot[2]
The Beginning of the Riot[4]
Chronological Story of the Riot[5]
Factors Influencing Growth of the Riot[9]
Gangs and "Athletic Clubs"[11]
Types of Clashes[17]
Crowds and Mobs[22]
Rumor[25]
Police[33]
Militia[40]
Deputy Sheriffs[43]
Restoration of Order[43]
Aftermath of the Riot[46]
Outstanding Features of the Riot[48]
Chapter II. Other Outbreaks in Illinois[53]-[78]
Clashes in Chicago preceding the Riot of 1919[53]
Racial Outbreaks in Waukegan, May 31 and June 2, 1920[57]
The "Abyssinian" Affair, June 20, 1920[59]
The Barrett Murder, September 20, 1920[64]
The Springfield Riot, August 14-15, 1908[67]
East St. Louis Riots, May 28, and July 2, 1917[71]
Chapter III. The Migration of Negroes from the South[79]-[105]
Economic Causes of the Migration[80]
Sentimental Causes of the Migration[84]
Beginning and Spread of Migration[86]
The Arrival in Chicago[93]
Adjustments to Chicago Life[94]
Migrants in Chicago[97]
Efforts to Check Migration[103]
Chapter IV. The Negro Population of Chicago[106]-[151]
Distribution and Density[106]
Neighborhoods of Negro Residence[108]
Adjusted Neighborhoods[108]
Non-adjusted Neighborhoods[113]
Neighborhoods of Organized Opposition[115]
Bombings[122]
Trend of the Negro Population[135]
Outlying Neighborhoods[136]
The Negro Community[139]
Commercial and Industrial Enterprises[140]
Organizations for Social Intercourse[141]
Religious Organizations[142]
Social and Civic Agencies[146]
Medical Institutions[150]
Chapter V. The Negro Housing Problem[152]-[230]
General Living Conditions[152]
Why Negroes Move[154]
Room Crowding[156]
Rents and Lodgers[162]
How Negro Families Live[165]
A Group of Family Histories[170]
Physical Aspects of Negro Housing[184]
Neighborhood Improvement Associations[192]
Efforts of Social Agencies[193]
Negroes and Property Depreciation[194]
Financial Aspects of Negro Housing[215]
Negroes as Home Owners[216]
Financial Resources of Negroes[227]
Chapter VI. Racial Contacts[231]-[326]
Legal Status of Negroes in Illinois[232]
Discrimination in Public Schools[234]
Contacts in Chicago Public Schools[238]
Physical Equipment of Schools[241]
Retardation in Elementary Schools[256]
Contacts in Recreation[271]
Contacts in Transportation[297]
Contacts in Other Relations[309]
"Black and Tan" Resorts[323]
Cultural Contacts[325]
Contacts in Co-operative Efforts for Race Betterment[326]
Chapter VII. Crime and Vicious Environment[327]-[356]
Criminal Statistics[328]
The Negro in the Courts[332]
Bureau of Identification[335]
Probation and Parole[335]
Institutional Inquiry[338]
Negro Crime and Environment[341]
Views of Authorities on Crime among Negroes[345]
Chapter VIII. The Negro in Industry[357]-[435]
Employment Opportunities and Conditions[357]
Increase in Negro Labor since 1915[362]
Classification of Negro Workers[364]
Wages of Negro Workers[365]
Women Employees in Industrial Establishments[367]
Railroad Workers[369]
Domestic Workers[370]
Employers' Experience with Negro Labor[372]
Negro Women in Industry[378]
Industries Excluding the Negro[391]
Relations of White and Colored Workers[393]
Future of the Negro in Chicago Industries[400]
Organized Labor and the Negro Worker[403]
Policy of the American Federation of Labor and Other Federations[405]
Unions Admitting Negroes to White Locals[412]
Unions Admitting Negroes to Separate Co-ordinate Locals[417]
Unions Excluding Negroes from Membership[420]
The Negro and Strikes[430]
Attitude and Opinions of Labor Leaders[432]
Chapter IX. Public Opinion in Race Relations[436]-[519]
A. OPINIONS OF WHITES AND NEGROES
Beliefs Concerning Negroes[437]
Primary Beliefs[438]
Secondary Beliefs[443]
Background of Prevailing Beliefs Concerning Negroes[445]
Types of Sentiments and Attitudes[451]
The Emotional Background[451]
Abstract Justice[454]
Traditional Southern Background[456]
Group Sentiments[456]
Attitudes Determined by Contacts[457]
Self-Analysis by Fifteen White Citizens[459]
Public Opinion as Expressed by Negroes[475]
Race Problems[478]
Abyssinians[480]
A Negro and a Mob[481]
Defensive Policies[484]
Race Consciousness[487]
Opinions of Fifteen Negroes on Definite Racial Problems[493]
Are Race Relations Improving?[494]
Opinions on Solution[495]
Social Adjustments[502]
Negro Problems[505]
Defensive Philosophy[508]
Segregation and Racial Solidarity[509]
Opinion-making[514]
Chapter X. Public Opinion in Race Relations[520]-[594]
B. INSTRUMENTS OF OPINION-MAKING
The Press[520]
General Survey of Chicago Newspapers[523]
Intensive Study of Chicago Newspapers[531]
Newspaper Policy Regarding Negro News[547]
The Negro Press[556]
Classification of Articles[557]
Negro Newspaper Policy[563]
Rumor[568]
Myths[577]
Propaganda[587]
Conclusions[594]
Chapter XI. Summary of the Report and Recommendations of the Commission[595]-[651]
The Chicago Riot[595]
The Migration of Negroes from the South[602]
The Negro Population of Chicago[605]
Racial Contacts[613]
Crime and Vicious Environment[621]
The Negro in Chicago Industries[623]
Public Opinion in Race Relations[629]
Opinions of Whites and Negroes[629]
Factors in the Making of Public Opinion[634]
The Recommendations of the Commission[640]
Appendix[652]
Biographical Data of Members of the Commission[652]
The Staff of the Commission[653]
Epitome of Facts in Riot Deaths[655]
Table Showing Number of Persons Injured in Chicago Riot by Date and by Race[667]
Index[669]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING
PAGE
Whites and Negroes Leaving Twenty-ninth Street Beach[iii]
Crowds Armed with Bricks Searching for a Negro[12]
Whites Stoning Negro to Death[12]
The Arrival of the Police[12]
Scenes from Fire in Immigrant Neighborhood[16], [22], [28]
Negroes Leaving Wrecked House in Riot Zone[16]
Wrecked House of a Negro Family in Riot Zone[28]
Negroes and Whites Leaving the Stock Yards[28]
Negroes Being Escorted to Safety Zone[34]
Searching Negroes for Arms in Police Station[34]
Negroes Buying Provisions Brought into Their Neighborhood[40]
The Militia and Negroes on Friendly Terms[40]
Negro Stock Yards Workers Receiving Wages[44]
Buying Ice from Freight Car[44]
Milk Was Distributed for the Babies[48]
Provisions Supplied by the Red Cross[48]
Propaganda Literature Used by "Abyssinians"[60]
After the "Abyssinian Murders"[64]
Typical Plantation Homes in the South[80]
Negro Family Just Arrived in Chicago[92]
Negro Church in the South[92]
Racial Contacts among Children[108]
A Savings Bank in the Negro Residence Area[112]
Children at Work in a Community Garden[112]
Damage Done by a Bomb[128]
A Negro Choral Society[136]
Olivet Baptist Church[140]
St. Mark's M.E. Church[140]
Trinity M.E. Church and Community House[146]
South Park M.E. Church[146]
Pilgrim Baptist Church[146]
The Chicago Urban League Building[150]
The South Side Community Service Building[150]
Homes Owned by Negroes on South Park Avenue[188]
An Abandoned Residence in the Prairie Avenue Block[188]
Homes Occupied and in Part Owned by Negroes[194]
Homes Occupied by Negroes on Forest Avenue[202]
Rear View of Houses Occupied by Negroes on Federal Street[202]
Moseley School[242]
Farren School[248]
Wendell Phillips High School[252]
A Typical School Yard Playground in a White Neighborhood[276]
Beutner Playground[280]
Field House Equipment at Beutner Playground[280]
Negro Athletic Team in City-Wide Meet[280]
Friendly Rivalry[280]
Armour Square Recreation Center[286]
Beutner Playground[286]
A Negro Amateur Baseball Team[292]
Negro Women and Girls Employed in a Lamp-Shade Factory[378]
Negro Women Employed on Power Machines[380]
Negro Women and Girls in a Large Hat-making Concern[384]
Officers of the Railway Men's Benevolent Industrial Association[410]

LIST OF MAPS