The murder of Williams was the second riot killing in the heart of Chicago's business district on the morning of July 29. Before Williams died he said he had been assaulted by white men at State and Van Buren streets. An eyewitness, a Negro, said he saw Williams running west on the car track on Van Buren Street, followed by a mob of about 200 white men. One of them, whom he positively identified as Frank Biga, stabbed the deceased twice, but Williams continued to run for a distance after that. A white man who saw Williams picked up at Harrison and State streets also identified Biga as a man who all during the morning had led gangs chasing Negroes. A woman went to a policeman and pointed out Biga as the leader of riot mobs. The coroner's jury recommended that Biga be held to the grand jury upon a charge of murder. At the time of the identification of Biga by the woman the policeman arrested him, found a broken razor in his possession, and had him booked for disorderly conduct, for which he was fined $5 and costs in the boys' court and sent to the House of Correction. The next day he broke out of the House of Correction and was not again apprehended until he was implicated in the murder of a shoe merchant, Fred Bender, on August 8, 1919. He killed Bender with a blow on the head from an iron pipe. On February 18, 1920, Biga was sent to the penitentiary for life.
| 9. William Dozier | |
| Race | Negro |
| Date of receiving death wound | July 31 |
| Time of receiving death wound | 7:15 a.m. |
| Place of receiving death wound | Stock Yards, Exchange Avenue about Cook Street |
| Manner of wound | External violence |
Dozier, Negro, approached a meat curer employed in the superintendent's office of Swift & Co. to ask if the Negroes were not going to have protection in the Yards that morning. A white worker stepped out of the crowd and struck at Dozier with a hammer. Dozier dodged and caught the blow on the neck. He started to run east on Exchange Avenue. As he ran he was struck with a street broom and shovel and other missiles; near the sheep pens a brick felled him. The meat curer above mentioned and an assistant identified one Zarka as the man who wielded the hammer. Joseph Scezak was identified as the man who used the broom. The coroner's jury recommended that these two be held to the grand jury on a charge of manslaughter and also that the unknown participants be held upon the same charge. Zarka and Scezak were indicted for murder, and on May 6, 1920, a verdict of not guilty was returned as to each.
| Date | Race | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Negro | Unknown | ||
| July 27 | 10 | 31 | 5 | 46 |
| 28 | 71 | 152 | 6 | 229 |
| 29 | 55 | 80 | 4 | 139 |
| 30 | 20 | 20 | 2 | 42 |
| 31 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 19 |
| Aug. 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Date unknown | 4 | 44 | 0 | 48 |
| Total | 178 | 342 | 17 | 537 |
INDEX
- Abraham Lincoln Center, [150]
- "Abyssinians," murders by, [59];
- Addams, Jane, [19], [55]
- Adler, Herman M., [35]
- Aftermath of riot, [46]
- Ages of rioters, [13], [22]
- American Federation of Labor, [405]
- American Red Cross, [45], [150]
- Appreciation of property, [211]
- Arms and ammunition, [21]
- Arrests in riots, [328]
- Associated Negro Presses, [521]
- Associated Press, [553]
- "Athletic" clubs, [11], [55];
- grand jury recommendation on, [16]
- Athletic teams, [253]
- Atlanta Constitution, [84]
- Atlanta Independent, [81]
- Attitudes, in public opinion, [457]
- Automobile raids, [6], [18]
- "Back of the Yards" fire, [7], [20];
- newspaper handling of, [539]
- Barrett murder, [64]
- Bathing-beaches, [274]
- Beliefs concerning Negroes, [437];
- Biographical notes of Commissioners, [625]
- Black Belt, [6], [8];
- "Black and tan" resorts, [323]
- Board of Education, [239], [256];
- Boaz, Franz, [450]
- Bombings, [117], [122];
- newspapers on, [532]
- Bubbly Creek rumor, [32]
- Cabarets, [344]
- Chicago American, [548], [554]
- Chicago Commission on Race Relations:
- Chicago Daily News, [116], [202], [212], [524], [548]
- Chicago Defender, [87], [492], [557]
- Chicago Evening Post, [553]
- Chicago Federation of Labor, [406]
- Chicago Herald-Examiner, [524], [550]
- Chicago newspapers, an intensive study of, [531]
- Chicago Real Estate Board, [216], [219]
- Chicago Riot, [1], [595];
- Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy, [184], [218]
- Chicago Searchlight, [557]
- Chicago Tribune, [453], [476], [524], [551]
- Chicago Urban League, [45], [104], [135], [146], [185], [193], [365], [368]
- Chicago Whip, [557]
- Chief of Police, [36]
- Children of immigrants, [256]
- Children, participation in riot, [22]
- Chronological story of riot, [5]
- Churches, [142];
- City Council, recommendations to, [642]
- Civil Rights Act, [232]
- Clashes, [9];
- Commercial enterprises, [140]
- Conclusions, [594]
- Contacts;
- Contested neighborhoods, [117]
- Convictions in riot, [48]
- Co-operative racial efforts, [326]
- Coroner's jury, [47];
- recommendations of, [49]
- Courts:
- Crime, [327];
- Criminal statistics, [328]
- Crisis, [515], [518]
- Crowds, [22]
- Cultural contacts, [325]
- Death of riot, [1];
- epitome of facts, [655]
- Defensive philosophy, [508]
- Defensive policies, [484]
- Depreciation of property, [194];
- Deputy sheriffs, [43]
- Deterioration of property, [196]
- Discrimination:
- Domestic workers, [370]
- Duke, Charles, [34], [201]
- East St. Louis Riots, [71];
- Congressional Committee report on, [72]
- Efficiency, of Negro labor, [374]
- Elementary schools, [246]
- Emotionality, beliefs concerning Negro, [442]
- Employers, recommendations to, [647]
- Employment agencies, [431]
- Establishments employing Negroes, [361]
- Exclusive neighborhoods, [115]
- Experiments with Negro women workers, [380]
- Factors influencing growth of riot, [9], [25]
- Family histories, group of, [170]
- Financial resources of Negroes, [227]
- Financial support of Commission, [xvii]
- Fire "back of the Yards," [539]
- Fitzpatrick, John, [415], [426]
- Fraternal organizations, [141]
- Gambling, [344]
- Gangs, [3], [7], [11];
- murders by, [55]
- Garvey, Marcus, [60], [493]
- Gompers, Samuel, [364]
- Grand Jury Recommendations, [51]
- Growth of riot, [7]
- High schools, [252]
- Home ownership by Negroes, [215]
- Hotel employees, [368]
- Housing of Negroes, [152];
- Hyde Park, [117];
- depreciation of property in, [205]
- Identification, Bureau of, [335]
- Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society, [150]
- Illiteracy, and race problems, [497]
- Immigrant children, [256]
- Incendiary fires, [20]
- Indictments in riot, [48]
- Industries:
- Industry, recommendations, [647]
- Infective environment, [342]
- Injuries and deaths of riot, [10]
- Interracial efforts, [326]
- Investigators of Commission, [653]
- Italians, [19]
- Jones, Thomas Jesse, [82]
- Judges, testimony of, [345]
- Juvenile delinquency, [333]
- Kenwood and Hyde Park Property Owners' Association, [118], [132], [204], [210], [589]
- Labor turnover, [377]
- Labor Unions and Negroes, [403];
- Lake Park Avenue, [107], [159]
- Legal status of Negroes, [232]
- Lithuanians, [8], [21], [160]
- Loans to Negroes on property, [220]
- Lodgers, [162]
- "Loop" rioting, [8], [20]
- Lynchings, [582]
- McDowell, Mary, [20], [55], [415]
- Membership in unions, [411]
- Mencken, H. L., [443]
- Mental complexes, of Negroes, [502]
- Mentality, beliefs concerning, [430], [445], [459]
- Messenger magazine, [489], [490]
- Migrants in Chicago, [93], [97], [117], [169]
- Migration from South, [79], [602];
- Militia, conduct of, [40];
- Minor clashes, [53]
- Misrepresentation of Negroes in press, [521]
- Mississippi, appropriations for white and colored schools, [82]
- Mob, a Negro and a, [481]
- Mobs, [22], [33]
- Morality, beliefs concerning, [439], [447], [459]
- Morgan Park, [107], [137]
- Myths, [577];
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, [148], [575]
- National Urban League, [575]
- Negro children, scholarship of, [256]
- Negro community, [139]-[52]
- Negro families, [152];
- Negro labor: classification of workers, [364];
- Negro and a mob, [481]
- Negro population of Chicago, [106];
- trend, [135]
- Negro press, [132], [304];
- Negro problems, [505];
- Negro soldiers, newspaper handling of, [524]
- Negro teachers, [247], [251]
- Negro women in industry, [367], [378]
- Negroes: in Chicago industries, [358];
- Neighborhood improvement associations, [192]
- Neighborhoods of Negro residence, [108], [113], [115]
- Newspapers, [60];
- North migration to, [29]
- North Side, [108], [112]
- Occupations of Negroes, [263], [358]
- Ogden Park, [107]
- Opinion-making: instruments of, [635];
- among Negroes, [514]
- Opinions: of Negroes, [475], [493], [630];
- Opportunities for Negroes: in industry, [357];
- training for recreation directors, [296]
- Organizations, of Negroes, [141]
- Other outbreaks, [53]
- Outlying neighborhoods, [136]
- Overage in public schools, [239]
- Overcrowding, [156]
- Parents, attitudes of, [250]
- Park boards, recommendations to, [642]
- Parks and playgrounds, [275]
- Parole and probation, [335]
- Penal institutions, [338]
- Philosophy, racial, [508]
- Phyllis Wheatley Home, [149]
- Police: conduct of, [4], [5], [21], [33], [38], [66];
- Politics, [3], [39];
- the press on Negroes in, [527]
- Population: Negro and white in Chicago, [106], [605];
- working, [357]
- Press: of Chicago, [520], [523];
- Propaganda: charges of, by Negroes, [492];
- Property: appreciation of, [211];
- depreciation of, [194]
- Property Owners' Journal, [121], [590]
- Prostitution, houses of in Negro area, [344]
- Protective Circle, [130], [593]
- Provident Hospital, [150]
- Psychological basis of Negro crime, [342]
- Public, the, recommendations to, [644]
- Public opinion, [436], [630];
- Public schools, [238];
- Pullman porters, [369], [390]
- Race consciousness, [487]
- Race friction among workers, [393]
- Race prejudice, [503]
- Race problems, [478];
- Race relations, [436], [494];
- in industry, [392]
- Racial contacts, [231], [613];
- newspapers on, [530]
- Racial solidarity, [509]
- Radical propaganda, [587]
- "Ragen's Colts," [12], [14], [55], [482]
- Raids on Negro clubs, [15]
- Railroad Men's International Benevolent Industrial Association, [409]
- Railroad workers, [369]
- Ravenswood, [108]
- Recommendations of Chicago Commission on Race Relations, [639];
- to Board of Education, [642];
- to city council and administration boards, [642];
- to Negroes, [646];
- to places of public accommodation, [649];
- to police, militia, state's attorney, and courts, [640];
- to the press, [650];
- to public, [644];
- to social and civic organizations, [643];
- to street-car companies, [649];
- to white members of public, [645]
- Recreation, [271];
- Religion:
- Religious organizations, [142]
- Rents, [162]
- Restoration of order, [43]
- Retardation, [239], [256];
- Ridicule, by press, [545]
- Riot area, [8]
- Riot deaths, epitome of facts concerning, [655]
- Riot injuries, [667]
- Robbins, Illinois, [138]
- Rumor, [5], [6], [19], [21];
- Scholarship, [256]
- Schools:
- Segregation:
- Sentiment:
- Sex crimes, [332]
- Social agencies, [146], [193]
- Social and civic organizations, recommendations to, [643]
- Social waste in Negro employment, [392]
- South:
- South Side, [107], [156], [184];
- property depreciation on, [198]
- Springfield riot, [67]
- Staff of Chicago Commission on Race Relations, [653]
- State's attorney, [8], [34];
- recommendations to, [640]
- Stock Yards, [44], [66];
- "Store Front" churches, [144]
- Street-car clashes, [7], [10], [17]
- Street-car companies, recommendations to, [649]
- Strike-breaking, [412], [427]
- Strikes, participation of Negroes in, [430]
- Suffrage and race problems, [499]
- Summary of findings by Commission, [595]
- Thompson, Mayor William Hale, [40]
- Traffic:
- Transportation contacts, [297];
- Unions, [403], [439];
- Negro membership in, [411]
- Union League Club, [46]
- United Charities, [150]
- Vice, [342]
- Vice Commission report, [343]
- Voluntary grouping, [249], [285]
- Volunteers, [42]
- Wages, [365]
- War, opportunities created by, [357]
- Waukegan, racial outbreak, [57];
- newspaper handling of, [541]
- Wealth of Negroes, [495]
- West Side, [108], [111], [156], [191]
- Williams, Eugene, [4]
- Women in industry, [367], [378]
- Women and riot, [17]
- Women's Trade Union League, [402], [414]
- Woodlawn, [107], [111]
- Y.M.C.A., [46], [147]
- Y.W.C.A. (Indiana Avenue Branch), [149]
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