literally a stake or the trunk of a tree, applied at first to a place protected by a stockade, or surrounded by stocks or piles; and in German topography sometimes applied to hills, as in Hochstock (high hill); Stockheim (the home on the hill); sometimes to places built upon stakes, as in Stockholm. In Great Britain, standing alone, it means simply the place, as Stock, in Essex; Stow, a parish in Mid Lothian; Stoke-upon-Trent; Stow-in-the-Wold or waste land; Stoke-Bardolph, Stoke-Fleming, Stoke-Gabriel, Stoke-Poges, Stoke-Edith (named from the proprietors); Stow-market (the market-place); Stow-Upland (the place in the high lands); Kewstoke (at the quay); Elstow, in Wilts (old place); Elstow, in Bedford (St. Helen’s place), the site of a nunnery dedicated to that saint; Basingstoke (the place belonging to the Basings, a patronymic); Bridstow (St. Bridget’s place); Bristol, anc. Briegstow (the place at the breach or chasm, brice, through which the R. Avon passes)—its Celtic name was Nant-Avon (on the valley of the Avon); Padstow, in Cornwall, anc. Petrocstowe, Welsh Llan-petroc (the place or church of St. Petroc); Tavistock and Tawstock (places on the Rivers Tavy and Taw). As a prefix, stock often denotes the chief place in a district, as in Stockton (the chief town on the Tees), and in Stockport (the chief port on the Mersey).
STOLL (Ger.),
a mine-shaft; e.g. Stollenberg (the hill of the mine-shaft); Stollenschmeide (the smithy at the mine-shaft); but Stollenkirchen, i.e. Stallinchirchun, is from Stalla (a person’s name).
STOLPE (Sclav.),
a rising ground in a marshy place; e.g. Stolpe, the name of a circle and of several towns in Hungary and Pomerania; Stolpen, in Saxony.
STÖR (Scand.),
great; e.g. Störfiord (the great bay); Störhammer (great hill); Störoe (great island); Störaa (great river); Störsjon and Störsoen (great lake); Störa-kopparberg (the great copper mountain), in Sweden and Norway.
STRAD (A.S.),
STRASSE (Ger.),
STRŒDE (Scand.),
SRAID (Gadhelic),
YSTRAD (Cym.-Cel.),
a row, a street, a road, borrowed from the Lat. strata; e.g. Stratford (the ford near one of the great Roman roads, called streets); Stratford-le-Bow (the ford with the bow or bridge near the Roman road); Stratsett (the road station); Streatham and Stretton (the town on the road); Stratton, in Cornwall, and Stradbally, in Ireland (the village of one street); Straid, Strade (the street); Stradeen (little street), in Ireland; Strond, on the R. Strond; Strasbourg, in West Prussia (the town on the highway); but Strasbourg, in Alsace, anc. Stratiburg, is the German translation of its Latin name Argentoriatum (the town of silver—strati, Teut., silver); Stony Stratford (the stony ford on the great Roman road, called Erming Street); Watling Street is said to have been named from waedla (the mendicant or pilgrim); Icknield Street from the Iceni; Erming Street from earm (a pauper).
STRAZNA (Sclav.),