FIG. 54.
[Fig. 53] shows a pure gauze in plan, and [Fig. 54] the same in section.
FIG. 55.
[Fig. 55] is the plan of a leno. The threads marked heavily in each case are the crossing threads. It will be noted from [Fig. 54] that the crossing thread passes up alternately at each side of the backing thread, pick by pick.
The operation of crossing is performed by doup healds. In these an additional loop or half heald carrying a stave at the bottom is slung through the eye of an ordinary heald ([Fig. 57]). For the purpose of description, the whole of this heald will be termed the doup. This heald is used for crossing purposes, while two or more ordinary healds are provided for the purpose of varying the working, if necessary. The draft for cloths, [Figs. 53] and [55], is as shown by [Fig. 56]. The crossing thread is drawn through two healds and passes under the backing thread as shown.