C. M. W.

CONTENTS

PAGE
[Preface]v
[List of Colored Illustrations]xi
[List of Other Illustrations]xiii
PART I
[INTRODUCTION]
[Butterfly Transformations]5
[Butterflies and Moths]13
[The Scents of Butterflies]15
[Butterfly Migrations]16
[Hibernation or Winter Lethargy]17
[Aestivation or Summer Lethargy]21
[Feigning Death in Butterflies]22
[Coloration of Butterflies]24
[Selective Color Sense in Butterflies]32
[Warning Coloration and Mimicry]33
[Heliotropism]35
[List and Shadow Observations]37
[Parasitic Enemies]40
[Rearing Butterflies from Caterpillars]43
[Photographing Butterflies]47
[Butterfly Collections]49
PART II
PAGE
[True Butterflies]—Superfamily Papilionoidea55
[Parnassians] (Parnassiinae)56
[The Swallowtails] (Papilionidae)

Black Swallowtail; Giant Swallowtail; Blue Swallowtail; Green-clouded Swallowtail; Tiger Swallowtail; Palamedes Swallowtail; Short-tailed Papilio; Zebra Swallowtail; Synopsis of the Swallowtails

57
[Whites, Orange-tips, and Yellows] (Pieridae)82

[The Tribe of the Whites]: White or Imported Cabbage Butterfly; Gray-veined White; Checkered White; Great Southern White; Synopsis of the Whites

83

[The Tribe of the Orange-tips]: Falcate Orange-tip; Olympian Orange-tip; Synopsis of the Orange-tips

92

[The Tribe of the Yellows]: Brimstone or Cloudless Sulphur; Dog's-head; Clouded Sulphur; Orange Sulphur; Pink-edged Sulphur; Black-bordered Yellow; Little Sulphur; Dainty Sulphur; Synopsis of the Yellows

97
[Nymphs] (Nymphalidae)111

[The Tribe of the Fritillaries]: Gulf Fritillary; Variegated Fritillary; Diana Fritillary; Regal Fritillary; Great Spangled Fritillary; Silver-spot Fritillary; Mountain Silver-spot; White Mountain Fritillary; Meadow Fritillary; Silver-bordered Fritillary; Synopsis of the Fritillaries

115

[The Tribe of the Crescent-spots]: Baltimore Checker-spot; Harris's Checker-spot; Silver Crescent; Pearl Crescent; Synopsis of the Crescent-spots

135

[The Tribe of the Angle-wings]: Violet-tip; Hop-merchant or Comma; Gray Comma; Green Comma; Red Admiral or Nettle Butterfly; Painted Beauty; Painted Lady or Cosmopolite; Mourning-cloak; American tortoise-shell; White J Butterfly or Compton Tortoise; Buckeye; Synopsis of the Angle-wings (I. Polygonias—II. Vanessids)

150

[The Tribe of the Sovereigns]: Viceroy; Banded Purple; Red-spotted Purple; Vicereine; Synopsis of the Sovereigns

192

[The Tribe of the Emperors]: Goatweed Emperor; Gray Emperor; Tawny Emperor; Synopsis of the Emperors

207
[Meadows-browns or Satyrs] (Agapetidae)

Common Wood Nymph or Grayling; Southern Wood Nymph; Pearly Eye; Eyed Brown; White Mountain Butterfly; Arctic Satyr; Little Wood Satyr; Other Meadow-browns; Synopsis of Meadow-browns

214
[Heliconians] (Heliconidae) Zebra Butterfly229
[Milkweed Butterflies] (Lymnadidae) Monarch; Queen232
[Snout Butterflies or Long-beaks] (Libytheidae) Snout Butterfly236
[Metal-marks] (Riodinidae) Small Metal-mark; Large Metal-mark239
[Gossamer-wings] (Lycaenidae)240

[The Tribe of the Hair-streaks]: Great Purple Hair-streak; Gray Hair-streak; Banded Hair-streak; Striped Hair-streak; Acadian Hair-streak; Olive Hair-streak; Synopsis of the Hair-streaks

242

[The Tribe of the Coppers]: Wanderer; American Copper; Synopsis of the Coppers

252

[The Tribe of the Blues]: Spring Azure; Scudder's Blue; Tailed Blue; Silvery Blue: Synopsis of the Blues

258
PART III
PAGE
[The Skipper Butterflies]—SuperfamilyHesperioidea266
[Giant Skippers] (Megathymidae) Yucca-borer Skipper267
[Common Skippers] (Hesperiidae)268

[The Tribe of the Larger Skippers]: Silver-spotted Skipper; Long-tailed Skipper; Juvenal's Dusky-wing; Sleepy Dusky-wing; Persius's Dusky-wing; Sooty Wing

269

[The Tribe of the Smaller Skippers]: Tawny-edged Skipper; Roadside Skipper; Least Skipper

278

LIST OF COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
[Viceroy Butterflies Visiting Strawberries](On Cover)
[The Regal Fritillary]Frontispiece
[The Carolina Locust]33
[The Black Swallowtail]48
[The Cynthia Moth]49
[Giant Swallowtails]64
[The Blue Swallowtail]65
[Two of the Swallowtails: Palamedes and Giant]66
[The Green-clouded Swallowtail]67
[Caterpillars of the Green-clouded Swallowtail]80
[The Tiger Swallowtail]96
[Imported Cabbage Butterfly]97
[Clouded Sulphur Butterfly]112
[The Zebra Swallowtail: Summer Form]112-113
[The Zebra Swallowtail Visiting Papaw Blossoms]112-113
[Some of the Tribe of Yellows]113
[Silver-spot Fritillary and Gulf Fritillary]128
[Gulf Fritillary, Silver-bordered Fritillary, and Baltimore Checker-spot]129
[The Hop Merchant]144
[Three Angle-wings (American Tortoise-shell, Red Admiral, Violet-tip): Upper Surface] 160-161
[Three Angle-wings (American Tortoise-shell, Red Admiral, Violet-tip): Lower Surface]160-161
[The Painted Beauty]161
[Three More Angle-wings, Buckeye, Painted Beauty, Cosmopolite]176
[The Mourning-cloak]177
[Some Common Skippers]192
[The Stages of the Viceroy]193
[Banded Purple, Red-spotted Purple, and Blue-eyed Grayling]208
[Three Emperor Butterflies]209
[The Zebra Butterfly]224
[Monarch Butterfly, Crysalis and Caterpillar]241
[Spring Azure, Falcate Orange-tip, Bronze Copper, and Great Purple Hair-streak]256
[Silver-spotted Skipper]273

LIST OF OTHER PLATES

PAGE
[Swallowtail Butterfly Just Out of Chrysalis]16
[Tiger Swallowtail]; [Hammock Caterpillar]17
[Butterfly Feigning Death]; [Butterfly in Hibernating Position]32
[Monarch Butterfly: Change from Caterpillar to Chrysalis]32-33
[Monarch Butterfly: Change from Chrysalis to Adult]32-33
[Migration of Monarch Butterflies]48-49
[The Improved Open Vivarium]48-49
[Black Swallowtail Visiting Thistle]64-65
[Imported Cabbage Butterfly, Magnified]64-65
[Imported Cabbage Butterfly]; [Blue-eyed Grayling]81
Four-footed Butterflies: [Viceroy] and [Mourning-cloak]145
[Monarch Butterfly Resting]; [Flashlight Photograph of Monarchs in Migration]160
[Photographs of a Pet Monarch Butterfly]225
[The Snout Butterfly]; [the Giant Swallowtail]240
[Stages of the Gray Hair-streak]257
[The Silver-spotted Skipper]272