Submerged forests

by Clement Reid

Tylor, A. On Quaternary Gravels. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. XXV, 1869, p. 57.

Whitaker, W. The Geology of London and of part of the Thames Valley. Mem. Geol. Survey, 1889, 2 vols.

Whitehead, H., and H. H. Goodchild. Some Notes on “Moorlog,” a peaty deposit from the Dogger Bank in the North Sea. Essex Naturalist, vol. XVI, 1909, p. 51.

Worth, R. H. Evidences of Glaciation in Devonshire. Trans. Devon. Assoc. vol. XXX, 1898, p. 378.

INDEX

• Alder, [1], [8], [16], [32], [64], [112]
• Alternations of freshwater and marine strata, [4], [7], [16], [29], [35], [44], [51], [57], [94-97]
• Amberley Wild Brook, [73]
• Amsterdam, [48]
• Anchor-ice, [89]
• Aquatic plants, dispersal of, [110]
• Archaeological evidence, [61], [115-117], [121]
• Atlantic waves, effect of, [85], [86]
• Baltic, [49]
• Barry Docks, [52-57], [59]
• Base-level planes, [22], [37], [38], [80], [87], [88]
• Baynes, D., [13-17]
• Bay of Biscay, [86], [103-105]
• Bear, [2]
• Beaver, [2], [35], [44]
• Belle Ile, [104]
• Bideford Bay, [61], [62]
• Birch, arctic, [46]
• —— white, [46]
• Blakeney, [29]
• Boar, [2], [35]
• Boats, [99], [102], [103]
• Bog-bean, [45]
• Bone needles, [54]
• Brétignolles, [104]
• Bridgwater Levels, [60]
• Bristol Channel, [58-61]
• Broads, [23-26], [114]
• Brögger, W. C., [122]
• Bronze age, [115], [116], [120]
• Caesar’s invasion, [65], [66], [75]
• Canoes, [99], [102], [103]
• Cardiff, [57]
• Carne, J., [102]
• Carnon stream-works, [98], [99]
• Cattewater, [84], [88]
• Causeway, submerged, [97], [100]
• Celtic shorthorn, [63], [96]
• Champion, G. C., [46]
• Channel Islands, [68], [86], [103], [106]
• Channels, shifting of, [6], [21], [36], [37], [91], [93], [102]
• Chara-marl, [8]
• Charcoal below submerged forest, [97]
• Chatteris, [30], [35]
• Cheshire, [50], [51], [frontispiece]
• Chichester Harbour, [76], [77]
• Clacton, [21], [23], [30], [31]
• Climatic changes, [10], [46], [66-68], [104], [107], [108]
• Clyde-beds, [50]
• Coast-erosion, [114]
• Colenso, J. W., [91-97], [122]
• Compression of alluvial strata, [3], [4], [16]
• Continental platform, origin of the, [69], [70]
• Coracles, [99]
• Corbicula fluminalis, [11], [23], [31], [35], [37], [74]
• Cornel, [55]
• Cornwall, [80-105]
• Cotoneaster Pyracantha, [74]
• Cromer Forest-bed, [11], [22], [23], [39]
• Cultivation, effects of, [111], [112]
• Dart, [98]
• Dartmoor, [82], [83], [89]
• Dates, [26], [114-121]
• Dead Sea depressions, [5]
• Dee, [51]
• Deformation of shore-lines, [38], [49]
• Deluge, [2], [66], [81], [120]
• Denmark, [48], [106]
• Depression, extent of, [8], [17], [20], [22], [26], [38], [47-49], [51], [56], [57], [68], [73], [75], [88], [93], [94], [106]
• Devonport, [6], [83], [90]
• Dispersal of plants, [108], [109-112]
• Dogger Bank, [17], [18], [39-49], [69], [121], [124]
• Domestic animals, [63], [96]
• Dove Point, [50], [51], [frontispiece]
• Dunge Ness, [71]
• Eccles Church, [27], [28]
• Elbe, [40], [110]
• Elder, [16]
• Elevation of the land, former, [8], [17], [20], [22], [26], [38], [47-49], [51], [56], [57], [68], [73], [75], [106]
• Elwes, J. W., [124]
• Ely, [30], [34]
• English Channel, [64-79]
• Estuaries, silting-up of, [25], [26], [114]
• Fal, [98]
• Fareham, [76]
• Fen-deposits, [30-36], [44], [45]
• Fenland, [4], [30-37]
• Flint-implements, [21], [35], [54], [62], [74], [113]
• Flora, changes of the, [9], [10], [110]
• —— of the submerged forests, [63], [64], [104], [105], [107], [108]
• Formby, [52]
• France, [103-106]
• Gadeceau, E., [104]
• Gannel, [98]
• Geographical distribution, [60], [110]
• Glacial epoch, [10], [23], [36], [67], [68], [83], [87], [89], [90], [94], [107], [108]
• Glamorgan, [52-57]
• Glastonbury Levels, [60-62], [115]
• Godwin-Austen, R. A. C., [122]
• Gold-dust, [92]
• Goodchild, H. H., [42], [124]
• Goodwin Sands, [66], [70]
• Gothland, [49]
• Gravesend, [17]
• Grays, [20], [23], [30], [31], [37]
• Hamoaze, [84], [85], [88]
• Hampshire, [74-79], [106]
• Happisburgh, [39]
• Happy Union, [92-97]
• Harbours, origin of, [77], [78]
• —— silting-up of, [98], [99], [114]
• Harwich, [22]
• Hastings, [71]
• Hawthorn, [55]
• Hazel, [1], [8], [9], [46], [55], [98], [101], [102]
• Henwood, W. J., [98], [123]
• Heysham, [50]
• Holderness, [38], [44]
• Holland, [4], [44], [48], [49], [106]
• Holmes, T. V., [123]
• Horse Sand Fort, [74]
• Human remains, [9], [10], [13-15], [17], [18], [52], [62], [96-99], [113], [121]
• Humber, [20], [35-38], [88]
• Huxley, Prof. T., [13], [15], [113]
• Implements, stone, [21], [35], [54], [62], [74], [113]
• —— wooden, [96], [113]
• Intermittent depression, [35], [51]
• Ireland, [49]
• Irish elk, [21]
• —— Sea, [80]
• Isle of Man, [50]
• —— Wight, [75], [76], [106], [117]
• Keith, Prof. A., [13], [15], [122]
• Kent, [65-70]
• Kessingland, [23]
• King, Rev. S. W., [27]
• King’s Lynn, [6]
• Laira Viaduct, [88]
• Lancashire, [50], [51]
• Landes, [104]
• Land’s End, [100]
• Landslips, [3]
• Langer Fort, [22]
• Langston Harbour, [76], [77]
• Leasowe, [50], [51], [frontispiece]
• Lewes, [73]
• Lincolnshire, [35]
• London, [12], [19]
• Lorié, Dr. J., [122]
• Lost Lyonesse, [100]
• Lowestoft, [23], [26]
• Lyell, Sir C., [27], [91]
• Mammoth, [15], [21], [35]
• Man, remains of, [9], [10], [13-15], [17], [18], [52], [62], [96-99], [113], [121]
• Man’s influence on our flora, [112]
• Marazion, [101-103]
• March, [30], [31], [35], [37]
• Marine erosion, [84-86]
• Mersey, [51], [52]
• Migration of species, [10], [108-112]
• Miller, S. H., [122]
• Moorlog, [41], [43], [44], [47]
• Morton, G. H., [123]
• Mosses, formation of, [35]
• Mount’s Bay, [100], [101], [118]
• Munthe, Dr H., [49], [123]
• Najas marina, [53]
• Nar Valley Beds, [31], [35]
• Neolithic, [21], [35], [38], [53], [62], [74], [75], [79], [113-115], [118]
• Noah’s Woods, [1], [66]
• Noman Fort, [75]
• Norfolk broads, [23], [24-26], [49]
• North Sea, [17], [38-49], [67], [68], [80], [106], [110], [121]
• Norway, [49]
• Oak, [1], [8], [16], [19], [32], [34], [54-57], [62], [71], [94-96], [101], [102], [106], [107], [119], [120]
• —— cut by man, [97]
• Osmunda, [1], [52]
• Ouse, [6]
• Owen, Sir R., [13], [15], [18], [113], [123]
• Oysters on submerged trees, [94], [95]
• Palaeolithic, [15], [21], [22], [113]
• Pegwell Bay, [65]
• Pentuan, [92-97], [99], [100], [122]
• Penzance, [101]
• Pepys, S., [19]
• Pevensey Level, [71]
• Pholas, erosion caused by, [43], [121]
• Piles below a submerged forest, [97], [100]
• Pine, [32], [34], [35], [79]
• Plane of marine denudation, [22]
• Plym, [82]
• Plymouth Sound, [83-88], [90], [98]
• Polished stone implements, [54], [113]
• Pollen-grains in submerged peat, [45]
• Poole Harbour, [79]
• Portsmouth Harbour, [76], [77]
• Potter, C., [123]
• Potter Heigham, [26]
• Prestwich, Sir J., [26], [123]
• Prevost, Dr E. W., [123]
• Raised beaches, [38], [50]
• Rashleigh, P., [123]
• Reade, T. M., [50], [51], [123]
• Reindeer, [44], [79]
• Rhine, [18], [40], [67], [110]
• Ribble, [51]
• River-drift man, [15]
• —— ice, [89]
• Roadway, submerged, [28], [100]
• Rogers, I., [61], [62], [124]
• Roman period, [3], [16], [61], [63], [65], [75], [101], [111], [115]
• Romney Marsh, [70], [71]
• Rostock, [49]
• Ruppia, [46]
• St Austell River, [92-98]
• St Michael’s Mount, [100], [101]
• Saltash, [88]
• Sand-dunes, [3-5], [26], [27], [47], [114]
• Sangatte, [68]
• Scandinavia, [49], [106]
• Scilly, [100], [106]
• Scotland, [38], [49], [50], [106]
• Scrobicularia-clay, [7], [19], [53], [96]
• Sea-level, changes of, [3], [4], [8], [17-20], [22], [26], [38], [47], [48], [51], [57], [68], [73], [75], [106], [114]
• Selsey, [74], [117]
• Severn Tunnel, [59]
• Sheep, [63]
• Shell-marl, [8]
• Sherringham, [22]
• Shingle-beach, protection afforded by, [3-5]
• —— spits, growth of, [26], [114]
• Shore, T. W., [79], [124]
• Silting-up, rate of, [25], [26]
• Skertchly, S. B. J., [31], [122], [124]
• Solent, [74-76]
• Somerset, [60], [61]
• Southampton Water, [74], [76], [79]
• South Downs, [72]
• Southwold, [22]
• Spithead, [74-77]
• Spurrell, F. C. J., [13], [15-18], [124]
• Stather, J. W., [124]
• Stonehenge, [116]
• Storrie, J., [53], [54]
• Strahan, Dr A., [52-57], [124]
• Strait of Dover, [65-70]
• Stream-tin works, [80], [81], [90-102], [123], [124]
• Submarine erosion, [69], [84-86], [121]
• Submerged forest, definition of, [11]
• Submergence, extent of the, [8], [17], [20], [22], [26], [38], [47-49], [51], [56], [57], [68], [73], [75], [88], [93], [94], [106]
• Sussex, [65], [68], [71-74]
• Sweden, [49]
• Tamar, [82], [84], [85]
• Tavy, [82], [88]
• Thames, [11-19], [20], [21], [29], [38], [40], [51], [52], [84], [88], [122], [124]
• Thaws and floods, [89]
• Tidal scour, [69], [85], [86]
• —— wave deadened by obstructions, [4], [5], [28], [29]
• Tides of the Bristol Channel, [56]
• Tilbury, [13-19]
• Time, [114-121]
• Tin stream-works, [80], [81], [90-102], [123], [124]
• Trees growing below high-water level, [4], [5], [8]
• —— rooted into rock, [4]
• —— succession of, [8], [32]
• Tyler, A., [124]
• Vegetable remains, decay of, [4]
• Vine, [105]
• Virgin, Wheal, [97]
• Walrus, [44]
• Wash, [29], [30]
• Waves, effect of, [85], [86]
• Wealden axis, [72]
• Weeds, introduction of, [112]
• Welsch, Prof. J., [104]
• Westward Ho, [61-64]
• Weybourn, [29]
• Whitaker, W., [13], [15], [16], [124]
• Whitehead, H., [42], [124]
• Wolf, [2], [35]
• Wood, implements of, [9], [96], [97], [113]
• Worth, R. H., [124]
• Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, [75]
• —— Norfolk, [26], [28]
• Yew, [19], [32]

---

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS