14. Political conditions in Spain. [Dillon in Contemporary Review, 1898, 73: 876-907, 74: 305-334; Foreman in National Review, 1897, 29: 721-734, 30: 547-560.]
15. Commerce of Spain about 1850. [Homans, Cyclopedia, p. 1739 ff.]
16. The recent commerce of Spain. [Statesman’s Year-Book.]
17. Resources and industries of Spain. [E. D. Jones in North Amer. Review, 1898, 167: 39-47.]
18. Recent commerce of Portugal. [Statesman’s Year-Book; see Homans, Cyclopedia, for conditions about 1850.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
For the general history of Italy, see besides Seignobos, Bolton King, History of Italian unity, N. Y., Scribner, 1899, 2 vols., with bibliography. The book by the same author in collaboration with Thomas Okey, **Italy to-day, London (N. Y., Scribner), 1901, is excellent for recent conditions, and has a full classified bibliography. Villari, *Italian life, N. Y., Putnam, 1902, is more popular and depends in part on King and Okey, but still is good. Orsi’s book in Story of the Nations Series is mainly political.
On Spain good reading in English is as scarce as on Italy it is plentiful. Seignobos is dull, and Hume’s histories are almost entirely political. There is, however, a good book in the series of British Colonies and Foreign Countries, W. Webster, *Spain, London, 1882; and Higgin, Spanish life, N. Y., Putnam, 1902, has some material of value. The U. S. Monthly Summary, Commerce and Finance, published several reviews of Spanish commerce at the time of the Spanish war (March, June, 1898, April, 1899), and a considerable amount of material on various aspects of Spain appeared about that time in the periodicals.
The close commercial relations between Portugal and England have given rise to two excellent books on the condition of Portugal in the nineteenth century, J. J. Forrester, *Portugal and its capabilities, third ed., London, 1856; Oswald Crawfurd, *Portugal, old and new, London, 1880.