8. Study the relative importance of foreign exports to total exports in the last half of the century, as a contrast to conditions about 1800. [U. S. Statistical Abstract, Index, Exports, merchandise, total values.]
9. Expansion of the merchant marine, 1789-1800. [Marvin, chap. 4.]
10. Grievances of neutral carriers, leading to the second war with England. [Marvin, chap. 7; Coman, 171-180; McMaster, Hist.]
11. The Embargo. [Manuals of U. S. history; references in Channing and Hart.]
12. Rise of manufacturing industry. [Coman, 180-193; Wright, 117-131.]
13. Considerations determining the earlier commercial policy. [Page; see above, chap. [xlv].]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
See chapter [xlv] for general works; Henry Adams, *History, N. Y., 1889-91, covering the period 1800-1817 in nine volumes, is the most complete general narrative. Mahan, **War of 1812, Boston, Little, 2 vols., is now by far the best special account. Ralph D. Paine, The fight for a free sea, New Haven, 1920, is an interesting description. The commercial statistics of the period may be found elaborated in Adam Seybert, *Statistical annals, Phila., 1818, or in Timothy Pitkin, *Statistical view, New Haven, 1817, 2d ed., 1835.
CHAPTER XLVIII
NATIONAL EXPANSION, 1815-1860
612. Survey of commerce, 1815-1860.—In contrast with the period ending in 1815, the next period which we study, extending from 1815 to 1860, was marked by the slowness and the comparative steadiness in the growth of foreign commerce. An indication of the course of trade in this period is given by the following table, in which the figures represent millions of dollars.